Transcript Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Brazil

ELEMENTS FOR
BRAZIL´S NATIONAL
REDD+ STRATEGY
Leticia Guimarães, REDD+ Focal Point
Climate Change and Environmental Quality Secretariat
Ministry of Environment of Brazil
Outline
• Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Brazil
• REDD+ Context
• Some elements of the National REDD+
Strategy
• Potential areas for cooperation with DRC
2
Deforestation and Forest
Degradation in Brazil
3
Brazil is a mega
diverse country –
similar to DRC
4
Deforestation in the Amazon
Drivers of deforestation and forest
degradation in Brazil
• Growing demand and high
prices of agricultural
commodities
• Land tenure issues
• Illegal logging
• Few agents on the ground to
control illegal activities
• Population growth
6
Legal framework for REDD+
REDD+ in Brazil
• Decisões da UNFCCC 4/CP.13, 1/CP.16 e 2/CP.17
• Política Nacional sobre Mudança do Clima, Lei nº
12.187/2009 e Decreto nº 7.390/2010 (regulamenta a
PNMC)
• Outros marcos legais federais relevantes:
– Código Florestal, Lei nº 4.771/1965;
– Terras indígenas, Título III do Estatuto do Índio, Lei nº
6.001/1973 e Art. 231 da Constituição Federal de 1988;
– Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação da Natureza
(SNUC), Lei nº 9.985/2000;
– Florestas públicas para a produção sustentável, Lei nº 11.284/
2006;
– Fundo Amazônia, Decreto nº 6.527/ 2008.
8
Policies and initiatives to reduce deforestation
Monitoring
System PRODES
2000
National
Protected
Areas
System
2002
2004
Brazilian Forest
Service is created
and the Law of
Public Forests
enacted
2006
Action Plan to Prevent and
Control Deforestation on
the Legal Amazon area –
PPCDAm
National
Climate Change
Policy enacted
2008
2009
Task Force with
the Amazon
States
2010
2012
Amazon Fund
Action Plan to
Prevent and Control
Deforestation and
Fire in Cerrado PPCerrado
REDD+ at the UNFCCC (I)
Policy approaches and policy incentives on issues
relating to the following activities:
• Reducing emissions from deforestation
• Reducing emissions from forest degradation
• Conservation
• Sustainable management of forests
• Enhancement of forest carbon stocks
REDD+ at the UNFCCC (II)
In the context of adequate and predictable support,
REDD+ countries should develop:
1. A national REDD+ strategy or action plan
2. A national forest reference emission level or
forest reference levels
3. A robust and transparent national forest
monitoring system for the monitoring and
reporting of REDD+ activities
4. A Safeguards Information System (SIS)
REDD+ Timeline
COP 11:
REDD included
in the agenda
2005
COP 13:
Bali Action Plan
2006
Before COP 12:
Brazil proposes
the creation of
positive incentives
2007
National Policy
on Climate
Change
2008
Amazon
Fund
created
2009
WG on
REDD+
(CS and
MMA)
2010
COP 16:
Cancun
Agreements
(REDD+
Safeguards)
Interministerial WG
on REDD+
2011
2012
Task Force with
States and
dialogues with
civil society
National REDD+ Strategy
Elements
13
(1) National REDD+ Strategy
What is the National REDD+ Strategy?
1.
2.
Instrument that connects Brazilian forestry
mitigation actions to UNFCCC.
Integration of climate change and forestry
initiatives in the national plan
1. Instrument that connects Brazilian
forestry mitigation actions to UNFCCC.




Transparency
Commitments entered as NAMAs (2020)
Technical robustness (reference levels, MRV,
National Communication)
Payment for results
2. Integration of climate change and
forestry initiatives in the national plan





Stock portfolio (RED, REDD Plus) with national coverage
and territorialized implementation
Climate change incorporated to forestry policies
Funding: government programs, infrastructure projects,
intergovernmental transfers and other forms
Positive incentives
Governance
Developing the National REDD+
Strategy
National Strategy
Assessment of current
policies and laws
Definition of the
National Strategy
goals and approaches
Coordination among the various
policies and regulations with the
participation of stakeholders
Creating institutions and
regulation IF NEEDED
Important aspects that need to be considered by both the executive and legislative:
-
Economic incentives (subsidies, fiscal incentives, tradeable rights)
Institutional and financial arrangements
Alignment of incentives at all levels: federal, state and municipalities
Interministerial Workgroup on REDD+

Objective: To build a shared vision of the
Brazilian government on REDD +.

GEx has a mandate to "decision-making", while
the WG points understandings.

Participants: Casa Civil e SAE, MAPA, MCTI,
MF, Funai, MMA, SFB, MRE, MDA, MPOG
Progressive approach: incentives in
the short and long run
Command and
control
Positive Incentives
(2) National Forest
Reference Level
Goal 2020 = 3.925 km² (-80%) – In the Amazon
Level in 2012 in the Amazon = 4.571 km² (-76,7%)
(3) A robust and transparent
National Forest Monitoring
System for the Monitoring and
Reporting of REDD+ activities
Forest Cover Monitoring Systems
PRODES
DETER
DEGRAD
(monitoring will be
expanded to other
biomes)
26
Landsat images for PRODES
National MRV
•
•
•
•
Less bureaucratic;
Lower costs;
Greater security for investors;
More adequate for national/ regional
approaches;
• Acceptability proven through the Amazon
Fund.
28
(4) National Safeguards System
29
Current Financial Framework
Amazon Fund
Decree nº 6.727 August 1st, 2008
Promote a initiative that
demonstrates the viability
of a large scale
mechanism for incentives
to reduce deforestation
emissions through the
payments for results
It does NOT result in offsets
for donors!
Amazon Fund
• First the results obtained in the Amazon region
are measured, reported and verified (MRVed);
• The Ministry of Environment defines the limits
for fundraising;
• BNDEs raises funds based on the limits defined;
• Then the resources are allocated to projects and
actions that contribute to conservation and the
sustainable use of forests.
South- South Cooperation
• Area that needs to be further developed
• This agenda is of great importance for Brazil
• Potential to finance activities through the
Amazon Fund  Focus on forest cover
monitoring activities
36
ACTO
Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization
First international project launched in Rio+20
Potential for collaboration
with DRC
• Possibility of developing regional project
through COMIFAC
• Potential for bilateral cooperation based on
the MoU signed:
• Lessons learned in Brazil about the role of
technical knowledge on policy design and
implementation
• Lessons learned so far with the Amazon Fund
• Others?
Merci beaucoup!
[email protected]