Transcript Global Warming * is it real?

Sustainable Merton
Some key points on
Climate Change
and what we can do
There are six crucial questions
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Global warming - is it real?
Climate Change - is it happening?
What Causes Global Warming?
Who is responsible for Climate Change?
What route should WE as a nation follow?
What can WE do about it?
Long term changes in temperature and
CO2
Global Warming – is it real?
Change in Averagee Temp (°C)
Global Warming in the Last 1000 years
1000
1.0
1200
1400
0.8
0.6
Pre Industrial Revolution
1600
1800
2000
Post.
Ind.
Rev.
0.4
0.2
0.0
-0.2
These are global averages – changes at specific locations may be very different
This chart clearly shows that the global temperature
began to rise at the start of the industrial revolution in
1800 and has gone on rising ever since.
Climate Change – is it happening?
If you were sitting by this flood in Inner Pakistan you
would certainly believe that Climate Change is real!
Climate Change – is it happening?
Number of Disasters Each Year Related to
Climate Change
1000
Hurricanes & Typhoons
800
Major Floods
600
Droughts & Forest Fires
400
200
0
1980-84
1985-89
1990-94
1995-99
2000-04
2005-09
2010-14
The number of Hurricanes, Typhoons, Major Floods, Serious
Droughts and Forest Fires has increased by a factor of four in the
last thirty years. You must know this if you listen to the news!
What can WE do?
•
Our Footprint in the UK
Services
14%
Transport
34%
•
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Industrial
24%
Domestic
28%
In UK 28% of our
footprint is related to
domestic activities
about which we can
do a great deal.
34% is related
transport over which
we have many
choices.
We have less control
of the footprint
generated by services
or in the industrial
sector.
What can WE do?
•
Domestic Use of Energy
0%
20%
40%
60%
•
Space Heating
Water Heating
•
Cooking
Gas
Lighting
Fridges/Freezers
Electricity
Oil
Solid Fuel
Washing machines/Dryers
TV Video etc
Other
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Space heating accounts
for 50% of our
domestic footprint.
Water heating accounts
for another 20%.
Make savings by being
thoughtful.
Lower ambient room
temperature.
Turn lights off.
Many appliances still
use electricity when on
standby – turn them of
at the wall.
What can WE do?
Domestic Energy Savings you could make if you
are more careful
% of Domestic
Footprint you
could save
Space Heating – efficient boiler, insulate walls/ceilings, fit
double glazing, drop day time temperature to 18ºC, night
to 15ºC, eliminate draughts, fit thermostatic radiator valves.
Hot water – insulate cylinder, store water at 50ºC, use
shower not bath, avoid power showers, minimise hand
washing, turn off hot tap when not needed. An instant
water heater could save another 3%.
Lighting – use all energy efficient bulbs/turn lights off.
In the kitchen – buy A-rated appliances, use microwave
where appropriate, don't boil more water than needed.
Laundry – don't do part loads, use tumble drier sparingly.
TV, computers etc. – leave nothing on standby.
21%
Total per person per year
45%
8%
4%
3%
3%
6%
What can WE do?
•
Changing travel patterns of UK residents
(km per person per year)
Air
27%
Car
37%
Rail
16%
1956
Bus
37%
Bicycle
7%
Motor-cycle
1%
Air
0.2%
2013
Motorcycle
3%
Bicycle
0.5%
Car
62%
Total = 4,800 km in 1956
•
Rail
5%
Bus
5%
Total = 18,000 km in 2007
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The total distance
each of us travel
increased almost 4
times between 1956
and 2013.
During this time the
population increased
by 20% so the total
distance travelled
increased almost 5
times.
Travel by car rose
very rapidly while bus
travel declined .
Air travel rose from
almost zero to 27% of
the total by 2013.
What can WE do?
•
Use of Energy for Transport
0%
20%
40%
60%
Passenger Cars
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Road freight
Air
Rail Passengers
Slide 12Slide 12
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Water
Bus
Rail Freight
Motor Cycle
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Overall transport accounts for
34% of our footprint.
Cars dominate our travel.
Use public transport more.
Use smaller cars and share.
Drive carefully – this can reduce
consumption by 10%.
Sell your car and don’t replace
it.
Fly less and use trains. A flight
to Malaga releases 8 times as
much CO2 as the same journey
by train.
Walk and cycle more.
We could halve our travel
footprint by accepting minor
inconveniences but travelling
only 10% less distance.
What can WE do?
CO2 from Different Modes of Transport
•
Gm/ passenger km
Bus/coach
In Town
Out of Town
90
30
Underground
80
Diesel Train
90
70
Electric train
60
40
Air
300
Cruising at sea
850
Gm per Vehicle km
G-Wizz electric car
84
Efficient petrol car (Seat Ibiza)
140
80
Family saloon (Peugeot 307 Diesel
220
130
Family saloon (Peugeot 307 Petrol
280
160
Gas Guzzler Range Rover – 4.2 V8)
530
300
Most thirsty (Lamborghini 147
Roadster)
700
400
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Public transport on land is better than
most cars but remember you may have
several car passengers which reduces
the foot print proportionately. This
sometimes makes them competitive.
Only fly if really necessary.
Cancel your Caribbean Cruise.
Choose a small efficient car.
Never even think about a Range Rover
of a Lamborghini.
Using a realistic scenario we could
reduce our travel foot print by 50%
while reducing the distance travelled by
only 10%
Using a more optimistic scenario our
footprint could be down by 67% and
the distance travelled by only 14%.
What can WE do?
CO2 Emissions and Freight Transport
Mode of Transport
Gm CO2/ tonne km
Road
Light Goods in Town
Heavy Goods out of Town
750
100
Rail
30
Sea
Small Ro-Ro
Large Ro-Ro
Small Bulk Cargo
Large Bulk Cargo
60
20
14
7
Air
Short Haul
Long Haul
3,000
1,500
• We have little control over how
the goods we buy are
transported but we can lobby
suppliers to choose more
efficient methods.
• Try to avoid goods which you
know are flown into the country.
• Never buy strawberries in
winter – they have almost
certainly been flown in from
Kenya or somewhere similar
What can WE do?
• Industry accounts for 24% of our overall footprint but there is little we can
do directly to influence this. What we can do is lobby businesses and
politicians to take the problem seriously and in particular support the
generation of renewable energy.
• The Services sector accounts for 14% of our overall footprint. Here we can
be a little more active by encouraging local schools, hospitals and councils
etc to run their services more environmentally. In particular they should
ensure that heating is controlled efficiently, lights are off when not
needed, transport is operated efficiently and waste is recycled.
• We can be much more active with our own domestic and travel
footprint. We can realistically reduce our domestic foot print by 45% and
our travel footprint by 50%. This would reduce our overall footprint by
about a third. The is certainly a worthwhile target to aim at.