Transcript Presentation Title

Aviation and Environment - Setting the
Scene
ICAO Secretariat
Page 1
Aviation in context: contributions across Social, Economic and
Environmental pillars of Sustainable Development
Global
Economy
Fast, reliable, and
safe mode of
transport
No comparative
alternatives for long
haul passenger
transport
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ICAO Environmental Goals
Limit or reduce the impact of
aviation GHG emissions on
global climate
Limit or reduce the number of
people affected by significant
aircraft noise
Limit or reduce the impact of
aviation emissions on local air
quality
Quantify
Mitigate
Implement
Minimize the adverse effect of global civil aviation
on the environment
Slide 3
Quantification, Mitigation and
Implementation
Approach to
Quantification through:
• Data Collection and Compilation
(Noise, NOx, SOx, CO, RTK, Fuels,
CO2 emissions reduction)
• Forecasting
• Modelling
Approach to
Mitigation through:
• Technology and Standards
• Operational Measures
• Market-based Measures
• Alternative Fuels
• Others (land-use planning and
environmental control, EMS, etc)
Approach to Implementation through:
• Balanced Approach for Noise Management / Balanced Approach and Noise
charge guidance
• LAQ guidance manual / LAQ charge guidance
• States’ action plans for CO2 emissions reduction and Assistance to States /
action plan guidance
Slide 4
Committee on Aviation Environmental
Protection - CAEP
 Established by the ICAO Council
in 1983, superseding the
Committee on Aircraft Noise
(CAN) and the Committee on
Aircraft Engine Emissions (CAEE).
 Assists the ICAO Council in
formulating new policies and
adopting new SARPS for aircraft
noise and aircraft engine
emissions.
 Undertakes specific studies
related to control of noise and
emissions.
ICAO ASSEMBLY
Council
Air Transport
Committee
Air Navigation
Commission
Committee on Aviation
Environmental Protection
Slide 5
ICAO SARPs and Guidance
ICAO SARPs
Annex 16 – Volume I Aircraft
Noise & Volume II Aircraft
Engine Emissions
ICAO GUIDANCE (examples)
NOISE – Guidance on the
Balanced Approach to Aircraft
Noise Management (Doc 9829)
EMISSIONS – Guidance on the
Use of Emissions Trading for
Aviation (Doc 9885)
Slide 6
ICAO Policy on Environment
A37-18: Consolidated statement
of continuing ICAO policies and
practices related to
environmental protection –
General provisions, noise and
local air quality
A37-19: Consolidated statement
of continuing ICAO policies and
practices related to
environmental protection –
Climate change
Slide 7
Key Elements of Assembly Resolution A37-19
1. Global aspirational goals for the international aviation
sector of improving 2% annual fuel efficiency and
stabilizing its global CO2 emissions at 2020 levels, and
further work to explore the feasibility of a long-term
global aspirational goal
2. Development of a global CO2 certification Standard
for aircraft
3. Facilitation of developing and deploying sustainable
alternative fuels for aviation
Slide 8
Key Elements of Assembly Resolution A37-19
4. Development of a framework for market-based
measures (MBMs), and exploration of a global MBM
scheme
5. States’ action plans, covering information on CO2
emissions reduction activities and assistance needs


States to identify measures on CO2 emissions reduction
activities
ICAO to monitor progress in achieving the global
aspirational goals and address assistance needs of States
6. Concrete steps to assist States to contribute to global
efforts
Slide 9
CO2 Emissions Trends
Slide 10
Basket of Measures
•
•
•
•
•
Aircraft related technology development
Operational improvements
Sustainable Alternative fuels
Market-based measures
Other
Slide 11
Technology and Standards:
Development of a CO2 Standard
• The aircraft CO2 Standard will result in a
new Annex 16 Vol. III
• Two phases in the approach:
– Phase 1
• Development of CO2 Certification Requirement
(metric system, procedures, applicability);
– Phase 2
• CO2 Standard setting process (stringency levels,
technology responses, cost effectiveness
assessments and interdependencies).
CO2 certification requirements agreed by CAEP/9 in February 2013
Slide 12
Operational Improvements
• Improved air traffic
management and infrastructure
use
• More efficient operations
Slide 13
Sustainable drop-in Alternative Fuels for
Aviation
•
One of the most exiting and
promising opportunities for
reducing aviation CO2 emissions,
while improving local air quality
•
Airlines are using sustainable
drop-in biofuels from different
feedstocks that do not require
changes to aircraft or fuel
delivery infrastructure
•
Technological aspects are proved
to be viable
•
Challenges:
–
–
–
Scale-up production
lower costs
Harmonization of sustainability
criteria (lifecycle CO2 benefits)
Slide 14
Market-Based Measures
• MBMs aim to contribute to the achievement of environmental goals, at a
lower cost, and in a more flexible manner, than traditional command and
control regulatory measures
• The 37th Assembly requested the development of a framework for MBMs,
and the exploration of a global MBM scheme
• Substantial effort by ICAO in responding to requests for a global scheme
and a framework for MBMs
• Feasibility of three options for a global MBM scheme recognized by the
ICAO council
• Next steps for a global MBM scheme and proposal on the framework for
MBMs are to be considered by the 38th Assembly
Slide 15
States’ Action Plans
• For States
Opportunity to identify and communicate measures to address
CO2 emissions from international aviation as well as any
assistance needs to implement the measures
Communication Tool
between ICAO and
its Member States
• For ICAO
Assess the global progress towards the achievement of
aspirational goals and address specific assistance needs of States.
Concrete action to address CO2 emissions
Slide 16
Current status of the Action Plan submitted
63 States, representing 78.96% international RTK,
submitted an Action Plan as of August 2013
7.78%
13.26%
92.16 %
78.96%
63 States submitted an
Action Plan
20 States plan to submit
an Action Plan in 2013
Remaining States
Slide 17
Assistance requested by States
Assistance requested to ICAO /ENV to develop Action Plan
Assistance requested to ICAO/TCB/ENV to develop/implement
Action Plan
Assistance requested to ICAO for the implementation of
measures identified through Action Plan
Slide 18
ICAO ENV Tools
Carbon Emissions Calculator
to calculate the carbon dioxide emissions from
air travel for use in offset programmes
Green Meetings Calculator
to support decision-making in reducing the
carbon emissions from air travel to attend
meetings
Additionally available as
Apple and Android
applications
Fuel Savings Estimation Tool
to assist the States to estimate fuel savings from operational
improvements in a manner consistent with the models approved
by CAEP and aligned with the Global Air Navigation Plan
Slide 19
Cooperation
Slide 20
Key ENV Deliverables
(2010 – 2013)
Trends Assessment – Noise, LAQ, CO2
ICORAS/EDM
Assembly Resolutions
• A37-18: Noise and LAQ emissions
• A37-19: Climate change
ICAO SARPs Annex 16, Vol. I (noise); Vol. II (LAQ
emissions; new Vol. III (CO2) - in progress
ICAO Guidance (e.g. Airport Air Quality Manual,
Guidance for States’ Action Plans)
Alternative Fuels (e.g. Workshop, Rio+20 initiative,
SUSTAF experts group)
MBMs Analyses – MBM experts group
Action Plans
UN Cooperation / Outreach
ENV Tools & Apps
Apps for Apple and Android
Slide 21
For more information on our activities, please visit ICAO’ website: http://www.icao.int/env
Slide 22