Transcript PowerPoint-presentasjon

Climate & Transportation
R&D program conducted by the Norwegian Public
Roads Administration
2007- 2010, cca 2,5 mill €
Update design, construction, operation and maintenance of
road structures a response to climate change.
Continues work carried out in NPRA since 2004 and
aimed at adjustments to climate change.
Cooperation partners:
Norwegian State Railway
Norweian Geological Survey
Norwegian Geotechnical Institute
Norwegian Meteorological Institute
+
Climate changes in Norway
2002 report for National
Transportation Plan - main
features of the climate change and
their effects on transportation
• milder winters,
• warm and dry summers in the
SE of Norway,
• higher precipitation, especially
W coast,
• higher storm and wind
frequency
Climate changes in Norway
2002 report for National
Transportation Plan - main
features of the climate change and
their effects on transportation
Examination of the drainage systems along roads
Examination of increased expenses for road management
Improvement of alert systems (emergency release)
Investigate the effect on ground water
Consequences for traffic safety
Climate changes in Norway
2002 report for National
Transportation Plan - main
features of the climate change and
their effects on transportation
2007: report being updated
based on recent research results
Effect on roads
• Higher ground water levels, higher threat from floods and
erosion;
• Change in flood and slide pattern: higher frequency of slush
avalanches, debris slide and mud flow. Also – other locations of
slides;
• Potentially incorrect premises for choice of structural solutions
and dimensioning of physical protection;
• Potentially insufficient safety level of existing slide protection
• More exposure to freezing and thawing in some areas;
• Reduced regularity of roads and railways
• Need for improved preparedness systems
Effect on roads
… all this assuming the planed level of maintenance is
being carried out
>> focus on maintenance – requires organizing efforts
and /or better budgets
Challenges for Norwegian Roads
Weather data
Good documentation of land slides,
floods and avalanches
+ Relation between measurements
and observations
Design (choice of sollutions and
dimensioning): draianage,
foundation, land slide protection
Maintenance
Susceptibility analyses, alert systems
Topics of research - Work packages
1 The effect of climate change on transportation
Literature survey with the aim to describe the climate
changes and their effect on roads, railways and air
transportation:
temperature changes, precipitation, wind, rising of the sea level,
land slides – changes in types and locations, increase in ground
water level, freezing & thawing etc.
Topics of research - Work packages
2 Data - gathering and processing
• Weather (meteorological stations – equipment and
location, type of data, format, frequency of
measurements, automatic logging etc.)
• Registration of events: land slides, erosion, reduced
friction, reduced bearing capacity etc.
Road authorities’ own routines
Requirements to contractors
Topics of research - Work packages
3 Flood and erosion
Design and maintenance and
their adjustment to new
climate conditions
New standard values
Storm water
Wave erosion
Drainage
Erosion of artificial slopes
Topics of research - Work packages
4 Land slides, avalanches and rock falls
… adjustment to climatic conditions
• Risk assessment: probability ,
consequence, acceptance
criteria
• Mitigation and protection plans
for land slides, priority models
• Methods of physical protection,
design premises
• Quick clay
Topics of research - Work packages
5 Preparedness
• Alert systems, warning, threshold values of critical
parameters criteria for emergency action,
• Automatic methods (closure in cases of risk of erosion or
land slide for roads, strong wind or waves for bridges)
6 Consequences for winter operation
Traffic in extreme conditions concerning snow and wind
Winter friction
Topics of research - Work packages
7 Bearing capacity of roads
due to the effect of changes in
frost conditions and frequency
of freeze-thaw cycles
8 General vulnerability
Alternative routes or ferry connections in cases
of road closure
* Climate issues relate to almost any activity in NPRA >>
coordination with ongoing work is important!
* Strategy – what do road authorities choose?
* Huge interest from all sides requires a dynamic
dissemination of results
Research programs and efforts
RegClim: scenarios for regional climate change in Northern
Europe, bordering sea areas and major parts of the Arctic,
ACIA - Arctic Climate Impact Assessment – 4-year project carried
out through collaboration between 8 countries i the Arctic region:
Canada, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Russia, Sweden, USA.
Extensive evaluation and analysis of consequences of climate
change for environment and social aspects of development.
NorACIA – Norwegian follow-up
Research programs and efforts
International Centre for Geohazards hosted by the
Norwegian Geotechnical Institute: research on the assessment,
prevention and mitigation of geohazards, including risk of landslide
in soil and rock, flooding…
Geoextreme – (4 year project by ICG) establish relations between
meteorological conditions and geohazards, climate and geohazard
scenaria for the next 50 years, socio-economic consequences,
policy
Research programs and efforts
University of Bergen, NTNU in Trondheim:
preparing project proposals
Clim Runoff (Norwegian University of Life Sciences): evaluating
runnoff situations along roads by coupling global climate models,
local hydrology models. Guidelines for road structures!!