Transcript UNESCO International Hydrological Programme

UNESCO
International Hydrological Programme
Groundwater Management in Coastal Area
– Port of Spain, Trinidad &Tobago 14-16 December 2011
Salvatore D’Angelo
Natural Science Sector – Water Division
GroundWater systems Section
UNESCO
UNITED NATION
Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization
195 Members
 16 Novembre 1945
 Preamble

The challenge we all have
How to put water in the minds of people?
“If sustainable development is to mean
anything, it must be based on an
appropriate understanding of the
environment – an environment where
knowledge of water resources is basic
to virtually all human endeavors.”
WMO / UNESCO (1991)
Some facts and figures:

26 July 2010 : HUMAN RIGHT

Water Resources The total volume of water on Earth is about 1.4
billion km3. The volume of freshwater resources is around 35
million km3, or about 2.5 percent of the total volume.

How the world uses freshwater:
• about 70 percent for irrigation
• about 22 percent for industry
• about 8 percent for domestic use

Water, Agriculture and Food Security The daily drinking water
requirement per person is 2-4 litres, but it takes 2 000 to 5 000
litres of water to produce one person's daily food.
Others facts and figures:

Every day, 2 million tons of human waste are disposed of in water
courses.
Source: World Water Assessment Programme (WWAP)

Globally, diarrhea is the leading cause of illness and death, and 88
per cent of diarrheal deaths are due to a lack of access to sanitation
facilities, together with inadequate availability of water for hygiene
and unsafe drinking water. Source: JMP J(WHO & UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme)

Today 2.5 billion people, including almost one billion children, live
without even basic sanitation. Every 20 seconds, a child dies as a
result of poor sanitation. That's 1.5 million preventable deaths each
year. Water vector diseases kill more people than measles, malaria
and aids jointly.
Source: Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council (WSSCC)

More than one in six people worldwide - 894 million - don't have
access to this amount of safe freshwater.
Source: World Health Organization (WHO) and UNICEF
Main Line of Action 1 contribution to worldwide initiatives
MDG 7
Ensure environmental sustainability
Interlinkage with other MDG ‘s
MDG 1:
Eradicate extreme
poverty and hunger
MDG 6:
Combat malaria
and other water borne
diseases
MDG 8:
Develop a global
partnership
for development
Division of Water Sciences
International
Hydrological
Programme
World Water
Assessment
programme
Intergovernmental
programme
Inter agency
programme led by
UNESCO
UNESCO-IHE
Institute for Water
Education
20 water
related
centres
under the
auspices
of UNESCO
International Hydrological Programme
The only global intergovernmental scientific programme
on water resources of the UN system
* Created in 1975 after the International Hydrological Decade
* Member States define needs and plans of phases
* Growing emphasis on management and social aspects
* Executed by Member States (there are 164 IHP National
Committees) and other partners; UNESCO provides seed
money
UNESCO IHP mandate



promoting leading edge research that
provides timely and appropriate policyrelevant advice to Member States;
facilitating education and capacity
development responding to the growing
needs linked to sustainable development;
enhancing governance in water resource
management to achieve environmental
sustainability
IHP Phases
1965-1974 IHD: Experimental Basins
World Catalog of Very Large Floods
World Water Balance & WR of the Earth
1975-1980 IHP-I
1981-1983 IHP-II
1984-1989 IHP- III
1990-1995 IHP- IV Hydrology and Water Resources for
Sustainable Development
1996-2001 IHP-V Hydrology and Water Resources under
Vulnerable Environment
2002-2007 IHP-VI Water Interactions:
Systems at Risk and Social Challenges
IHP-VII (2008-2013)
Water Dependencies: Systems under Stress and Societal Responses
THEME I:
Adapting to the impacts of global
changes on river basins and aquifer
systems
Cross - cutting
Programmes
HELP / FRIEND
THEME II:
Strengthening Water
Governance for Sustainability
THEME III:
Ecohydrology for
Sustainability
THEME IV:
Water and Life Support Systems
Hydrological
Research
THEME V:
Water Education for
Sustainable Development
Education,
Transfer of knowledge, Capacity building
IHP VI Initiatives
PC - CP
ISI
IFI
ICHARM
G - WADI
IAHS
IHP - VII
Water Resources
Management
Planetary systems are strongly interdependent. Water in the hydrological
cycle acts as the essential ‘bloodstream’ for all terrestrial and coastal
ecosystems, determining their dynamics and functioning and interrelates
with economic and social cycles.
INTERDEPENDENCIES
ECOLOGY
ECONOMY
HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE
CLIMATE VARIABILITY
STRESS
QUALITY OF LIFE
& ECOSYSTEM
SERVICES
SOCIETAL
RESPONSES
Hydrology for the Environment, Life and Policy
To deliver social, economic and environmental
benefit to stakeholders through sustainable and
appropriate use of water by directing hydrological
science towards improved integrated catchment
management basins
http://www.unesco.org/water/ihp/help
Real people
Real catchments
Real answers
HELP GLOBAL NETWORK
Demonstration
Evolving
Operational
Proposed
FRIEND – Flow Regimes from International
Experimental Network Data
A global hydrological research programme
FRIEND : a global project
Some key objectives:

Improved understanding of hydrological
systems and water management needs
in arid and semi-arid areas

Sharing of data and exchange of
experience at regional and global scale
and strengthening of global networks

Capacity building of individuals and
institutions and dissemination of
understanding to users and the public
Internationally Shared /
Transboundary Aquifer
Resources Management
ISARM
39 transboundary aquifers
inventoried in Africa
Many countries and large urban
conglomerations in Africa
depend to a major extent or
entirely on groundwater and the
large shared aquifer resources
represent often the only source
for drought security and life
sustenance of large
populations in semi-arid areas
UNESCO - OAS
ISARM of the AMERICAS
68 transboundary aquifers
inventoried
United Nations International Law
Commission (UNILC) and the UNESCO
Within the framework of the ISARM project, a multidisciplinary ad-hoc IHP task
force of experts has been established by UNESCO to assist the Special
Rapporteur of the UNILC on the preparation of a new international legal
instrument on transboundary aquifers
WHYMAP Project
World Hydrogeological Map
1 : 25 000 000
UNESCO-BGR- IAH-CGMW-IAEA
BGR / UNESCO 2006
From
to
Potential Conflict
Co-operation Potential
Water for Peace
a contribution to
World Water Assessment Programme
UNESCO – GRAPHIC
Groundwater Resources
Assessment under
the Pressures of Humanity
and Climate Change
Purposes of the GRAPHIC project

In order to maintain the sustainable uses of
groundwater resources, evaluations of
changes in groundwater quantity and
quality are necessary and important.

This project will deal with groundwater
resources assessment and future forecasting
under the various pressures of human
activities and climate changes.
UNESCO GRAPHIC projectFuture Research Directions
What climatic conditions lead to groundwater recharge.
•Case studies compilation and call for proposals for case studies
addressed at UNESCO Member States, Research Institutes,
Universities, etc.
•Link together climate, groundwater, and economic models.
•Integrate field data with remote sensing (GRACE)
•Upgrade the existing groundwater numerical flow model.
•Framework for the Global Monitoring of Groundwater Resources
with a focus on climate variability and groundwater levels (IGRAC)
Development of specific Indicators on Groundwater & Climate Change
and Groundwater & Human Pressures
ISI
International Sediment Initiative
Objectives:
• encourage international cooperation in developing
appropriate methods and managing regional and local
sediment problems;
•
promote monitoring of sediment data and information
exchange;
•
provide advice to policy makers in Member States and
activate scientific and professional communities in all
regions.
IFI
International Flood Initiative
/Programme
IIASA
Urban Water Management
Programme

The Urban Water Management
Programme (UWMP) aims to support
countries in addressing water
problems in cities and improving
water management in urban areas.
Geographical distribution of UNESCO
Water-related Centers and Chairs
IGRAC
IHE ERCE
IHP-HELP Centre
IRTCUD
Nice
Hassania
Irkutsk
RCSA
Al Fateh
Aristotle
Jordan
RCUWM
ICQHHS
RCTWS
San Carlos
IRTCES
RCWAZ
Hohai
Ajman
Ondurman
URBAN
WATER LAC
HT-KL
Ouro Preto
CAZALAC
CIH ITAIPU
UNESCO Centres (17)
+ UNESCO-IHE
Cape
UNESCO Chairs on
Water (13)
Lesotho
ICHARM
Existing Centres and Institutes
CATEGORY 1- legally part of UNESCO:
 UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education (Delft, The
Netherlands) - 2003
CATEGORY 2 – under the auspices of UNESCO:

CAZALAC - Centro del Agua para Zonas Aridas y
Semiáridas de LAC - (La Serena, Chile) – (2006)

HIDROEX – International Centre for Education,
Capacity Building and Applied Research in Water
(Brazil
Water Programme for
Environmental Sustainability
“Water Programme for Africa, Arid and Water Scarce
Zones” (WPA I) – Phase I ’05-’07
PHASE I 2005-07
Different aspects of groundwater
management
 6 national components:
Algeria; Egypt; Eritrea; South Africa;
Vietnam; Yemen
“Water Programme for Environmental Sustainability”
(WPA II)
PHASE II 2008-2010
Adaptation measures to remediate to
human and climate change impacts on
groundwater aquifers
 10 national components:
Algeria, Brazil, Iraq, Jamaica, Montenegro,
Morocco, South Africa, Trinidad & Tobago,
Tunisia, Vietnam.
“Water Programme for Africa, Arid and Water Scarce
Zones” (WPA I) – Phase I ’05-’07
Human capacity enhancement for effective
water resources management on:
 Integrated water resources management
 Groundwater artificial recharge
 Water harvesting
 Desalination system supplied by ren. energies
 Reutilisation of wastewater
 Amelioration sanitary conditions
UNESCO Water Portal
www.unesco.org/water
Thank you !
www.unesco.org/water