Transcript Chapter 6 Cells

ALL ORGANISMS ARE MADE UP OF CELLS (6.1)
Objectives
1.
Explain the main ideas of the cell theory.
2.
Describe how microscopes aid the study of cells.
3.
Compare and contrast animal cells and plant cells.
4.
Distinguish between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Key Terms
cell theory micrograph
cytoplasm cell wall
organelle plasma membrane nucleus
prokaryotic cell
eukaryotic cell
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Cell song
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The Cell Theory
Cell theory: generalization that
-all living things are composed of cells
- cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things
-all cells come from pre-existing cells
Microscopes as Windows to Cells
-Light microscopes (100X)
-Electron microscopes (1,000,000)
-Scanning electron microscope (SEM)
-Transmission electron microscope (TEM)
Micrograph A photograph of the view through a microscope
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Pg.111
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Two major classes of Cells
prokaryotic cell: cell lacking a nucleus and most other organelles
eukaryotic cell: cell with a nucleus (surrounded by its own membrane) and other
internal organelles
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An Overview of Animal and Plant cells
organelle: part of a cell with a specific function
plasma membrane: thin outer boundary of a cell that regulates the traffic of chemicals
between the cell and its surroundings
nucleus: in a cell, the part that houses the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA
cytoplasm: region of a cell between the nucleus and the plasma membrane
cell wall: strong wall outside a plant cell's plasma membrane that protects the cell and
maintains its shape
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MEMBRANES ORGANIZE A CELL’S ACTIVITIES (6.2)
Objectives
1. Describe the structure of cellular membranes.
2. Identify functions of proteins in cellular membranes.
Key Term
 phospholipid bilayer
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Cell song
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Membrane Structure
-Read paragraph 1
-Membranes help keep the functions of a eukaryotic cell organized
-Membranes regulate the transport of substances across the
boundary
-composed mostly of proteins and a type of lipid called
phospholipids. |
-Phospholipids two hydrophobic fatty acids at one end (the tail)
The other end (the head) of the molecule includes a hydrophilic
phosphate group (PO43-)
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Figure 6-7
A space-filling model
of a phospholipid
depicts the
hydrophilic head
region and the
hydrophobic fatty
acid tails. The
simplified
representation of
phospholipids used in
this book looks
something like a
lollipop (the head)
with two sticks (the
tails).
Membrane Structure
-phospholipid bilayer: two-layer "sandwich" of molecules that
surrounds a cell
-Nonpolar molecules (such as oxygen and carbon dioxide) cross
with ease, while polar molecules (such as sugars) and many ions do
not.
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The Many functions of membrane proteins
Figure 6-9
Many functions of the plasma membrane involve its embedded proteins. a.
Enzymes catalyze reactions of nearby substrates. b. Molecules on the
surfaces of other cells are "recognized" by membrane proteins. c. A chemical
messenger binds to a membrane protein, causing it to change shape and
relay the message inside the cell. d. Transport proteins provide channels for
certain solutes.
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Dissect a plasma membrane.
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Cell song
Period 1 (9:20-10:00)
1.
Quiz
2.
Handback Cellquest, Lab sheet
3.
Check Egg, soak in colored water
Period 2 (10:00-10:57)
1.
Observing Cells Lab
H/W
OUTLINE 6-3 (Do 6-3 online activity)
Monday 11.14.11
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MEMBRANES REGULATE THE TRAFFIC OF
MOLECULES (6.3)
Objectives
1.
Relate diffusion and equilibrium.
2.
Describe how passive transport occurs.
3.
Relate osmosis to solute concentration.
4.
Explain how active transport differs from passive transport.
5.
Describe how large molecules move across a membrane.
Key Terms
diffusion equilibrium selectively permeable membrane passive
transport facilitated diffusion osmosis hypertonic hypotonic
isotonic active transport vesicle exocytosis endocytosis
H/W
-OUTLINE 6-4 (Do 6-4 online activity)
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Cell song
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Diffusion
-(air freshener)
-diffusion
-equilibrium
Figure 6-11
Dye molecules diffuse across a membrane.
At equilibrium, the concentration of dye is the same throughout the container.
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Passive Transport
-selectively permeable membrane:
-passive transport:
-facilitated diffusion
Figure 6-12
Both diffusion and facilitated diffusion are forms of passive transport, as neither
process requires the cell to expend energy. In facilitated diffusion, solute
particles pass through a channel in a transport
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Osmosis
-osmosis
-hypertonic
-hypotonic
-isotonic
Figure 6-13
A selectively permeable membrane (the bag) separates two solutions of
different sugar concentrations. Sugar molecules cannot pass through the
membrane.
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Water Balance in Animal Cells
Which one is hypertonic? Isotonic? hypotonic?
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Water Balance in PlantCells
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Active Transport
-active transport:
Figure 6-16
Like an enzyme, a transport protein recognizes a specific solute, molecule or
ion. During active transport, the protein uses energy, usually moving the solute
in a direction from lesser concentration to greater concentration.
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Active Transport
-vesicles:
-exocytosis:
-endocytosis:
Figure 6-17
Exocytosis (above left) expels molecules from the cell that are too large to
pass through the plasma membrane. Endocytosis (below left) brings large
molecules into the cell and packages them in vesicles.
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Exit Slip
exocytosis
diffusion
facilitated diffusion
endocytosis
osmosis
H/W
-OUTLINE 6-4 (Do 6-4 online activity)
-Bring in thick liquid for your eggs
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THE CELLS BUILDS A DIVERSITY OF
PRODUCTS (6.4)
Objectives
1. Identify the role of the nucleus in a cell.
2. Describe how the functions of ribosomes, the endoplasmic
reticulum, and the Golgi apparatus are related.
3. Distinguish between the functions of vacuoles and
lysosomes.
4. Summarize the path of cellular products through
membranes.
Key Terms
nuclear envelope nucleolus ribosome endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus vacuole lysosome
H/W
-OUTLINE 6.5 AND 6.6 (No online activity)
http://www.ted.com/talks/david_bolinsky_animates_a_cell.html
Cell Animation (6:55)
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Structure and Function of the Nucleus
-nuclear envelope
-nucleolus
Figure 6-18
A cell's nucleus contains DNA—information-rich molecules that direct
cell activities.
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Ribosomes
-Ribosomes
Figure 6-19
A ribosome is either suspended in the cytoplasm or temporarily
attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Though different
in structure and function, the two types of ER form a continuous
maze of membranes throughout a cell. The ER is also connected to
the nuclear envelope..
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The Endoplasmic Reticulum
-The Endoplasmic Reticulum
-Smooth ER
-Rough ER
Figure 6-19
A ribosome is either suspended in the cytoplasm or temporarily
attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Though different
in structure and function, the two types of ER form a continuous
maze of membranes throughout a cell. The ER is also connected to
the nuclear envelope..
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The Endoplasmic Reticulum
-The Endoplasmic Reticulum
-Rough ER
Figure 6-20
Some proteins are made by ribosomes (the red structure) on the
rough ER and packaged in vesicles. After further processing in other
parts of the cell, these proteins will eventually move to other
organelles or to the plasma membrane.
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The Golgi Apparatus
-The Golgi Apparatus
Figure 6-21
Golgi stacks receive, modify, and dispatch finished products.
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Vacuoles
-Vacuoles
Figure 6-22
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Lysosomes
-Lysosomes
Figure 6-23
Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that break down food for cell use.
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Membrane Pathways in a Cell
Figure 6-24
Products made in the ER move through membrane pathways in a cell.
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Exit Slip
Describe the function of the organelles below
nuclear envelope
nucleolus
ribosome
endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
vacuole
lysosome
H/W
-OUTLINE 6.5 AND 6.6 (No online activity)
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CHLOROPLASTS AND MITOCHONDIA
ENERGIZE CELLS (6.5)
Objectives
1. Compare and contrast the functions of chloroplasts and
mitochondria.
Key Terms
chloroplast mitochondria ATP
H/W
-Chapter 6 worksheet
-Prepare to present your “egg” periments
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Chloroplasts
-Chloroplasts
Figure 6-25
A chloroplast is a miniature "solar collector," transforming light energy into
chemical energy through photosynthesis. The green color of the disks is due
to the presence of a pigment called chlorophyll that reacts with light.
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Mitochondria
-Mitochondria
-ATP
Figure 6-26
Cellular respiration in the mitochondria releases the energy that drives a cell.
The many folds of each mitochondrion's inner membrane are the sites of ATP
production.
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AN INTERNAL SKELETON SUPPORTS THE
CELL AND ENABLES MOVEMENT (6.6)
Objectives
1. Describe the role of the cytoskeleton in cell movement.
2. Compare and contrast the functions of flagella and cilia.
3. Explain why a cell can be described as a coordinated unit..
Key Terms
microtubule microfilament flagella cilia
H/W
-Chapter 6 worksheet
-Prepare to present your “egg” periments
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Cell song
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The Cytoskeleton
-microtubules
-microfilaments
Figure 6-27
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Flagella and Cilia
-Flagella
-Cilia
Figure 6-28
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The Cell as a Coordinated Unit
-Flagella
-Cilia
Figure 6-29
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Exit Slip
1.
Explain why a cell can be described as a coordinated unit..
H/W
-Chapter 6 worksheet
-Prepare to present your “egg” periments
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ure=fvwrel
Longer animation (music)
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ure=related
Longer animation (lecture)
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