Transcript Renewable energy

CZECH-KOREAN
GREEN TECHNOLOGY DAY
The Czech Renewable Energy Policy
and Outlook
Peter J. Kalas
Energy and Environmental advisor
Czechinvest
Prague, October 16, 2012
1. Czech Energy Sector
Current Status and
Policy Outlook
EU Energy and Climate Change package
 Czech energy sector reflects the respective EU directives and
trends
 EU Competitiveness: geopolitical view, economic role of EU,
energy effectiveness
 Gradual shift towards low energy and low emission economy
(„energy revolution“): driving countries: UK, Germany, Skand.
 Climate change responsibility:
 EU commitment (Kyoto, ETS), long-term vision
 EU as active player in intl. negotiations
 EU-Tools:
 Directives, NAPs (emissions, RE), Roadmaps, Funding,
national (member countries) and sectoral perspectives
Responses to EU directives
Czech Republic
 Energy area:
 National energy strategies-NES (2004, (2008),
2012-Govt´s approval expected shortly)
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Goals: sustainable energy sector (supply security,
reliability, affordability and environmental
compliance (local, global)
NAP for Renewable energy (2010) - 13% (MoTI)
NAP for Biomass (MoA) - recently completed,
Govt´s approval
Legislation: Energy bill (authorization of new
capacities), RE bill (role of RE in the national
energy mix)
Czech Energy/Environmental sectors:
Status
 Close energy-environmental link
 High energy consumption (> share of industry (30%+),
<energy effectiveness, gradual “decoupling” – energy
demand for economic output)
 Emissions:
 compliance with the Kyoto targets, surplus 150 mt CO2,
GIS (>50 mt CO2 for sale)
 high specific emission per cap (12t C02 vis-à-vis average
of 9t CO2)
 severe air quality problems in some regions
Energy & climate strategies in the CR:
Challenges, issues, solutions-electricity sector
 New capacities - timing, types, coal plants retrofits
 Nuclear energy (JETE, Dukovany-extended life), new
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capacities (timing), tendering, selection of technologysupplier), source of fuel
Natural gas (diversification of suppliers, supply routes)
Coal (mining limits, role in the electricity and heating
areas, domestic)
Renewable energies (>>)
Transmission lines, smart grids
Energy sector
Current energy mix
 Primary energy use (2011):
 Coal: 42%
 Oil products: 22% - 100% imported
 Natural gas (NG): 15% - 100% imported
 Nuclear: 15%
 RE: 5%
 Main future focus:
 Gradual replacent of coal (decreasing national coal
deposits)
 NG (diversification of supply/routes)
 RE
Electricity and other key sectors –
Status & challenges
 Electricity sector:
Basis: Coal (60%), nuclear (30%), hydro (10%)
 Self-sufficient - Need for new capacities by (2020 2025)
 Future role of coal (reserves)
 Impacts of climate change charges – shift to natural gas and
renewable energy in short-term, preparation of new nuclear plant
(2 blocks-approx. 2500 MW)
 Heating:
 District heatings: Predominantly coal based- shift to NG and
biomass
 Domestic: sector: shift from coal to NG/renewable energies /
BIOMASS
 Transport:
 100% reliance on oil imports
 Need to gradual shift to other fuels and technologies
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Electricity sector:
Envisaged/ongoing technological
measures
 Strategic framework: The National Energy Strategy
(2012):
 Technology and fuel-mix:
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Shift towards less coal intensive power technologies
(environmental, strategic reasons):
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closing/rehabilitation of old power plants
new high efficiency coal based power project
(under construction)
nuclear:
 life extension of one existing power plant
(nearly completed,
 preparation of a new nuclear plant
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Electricity sector:
Envisaged/ongoing measures
 Introduction of combined cycle technology
(larger-scale use of NG in the power sector)
 Stronger focus on renewable energy
sources (solar, wind, biomass,
geothermal, small hydro)
 Large importance of energy savings/>
efficiency of energy use
Electricity sector:
Solutions
 State Energy Strategy (domestic sectoral strategy
guidance):
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Necessary GRADUAL shift of the current fuel
mix (total el. production in 2010: 87 TWh/a):
 coal: 70% (highly CO2 emitting source) to
<30%
 nuclear: from 30% to 50-60%
 hydro): 10% to 15-25%-mix of renewable
energy
2. Renewable energy resources
Policy, Future Role
Renewable energy- EU Directive
Energy from Renewable Energy - Outlook
350 000
300 000
250 000
TJ/rok
200 000
150 000
100 000
50 000
0
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
vodní nad 10 MW
geotermální tepelná
biomasa - biopaliva
sluneční tepelná
2025
vodní do 10 MW
biomasa - elektrická
bioplyn (el.+teplo)
sluneční elektrická
2030
2035
geotermální elektrická
biomasa - tepelná
větrná
2040
2045
2050
Electricity production from renewable
energy - Outlook
25 000
20 000
GWh/rok
15 000
10 000
5 000
0
2000
2005
2010
2015
vodní nad 10 MW
bioplyn
2020
2025
vodní do 10 MW
větrná
geotermální
sluneční
2030
2035
biomasa
2040
2045
rok
2050
Renewable energy-Biomass
Issues, challenges
Source: Action Plan for Biomass (Ministry of Agriculture)
 Biomass is the most promising type of RE (volume,
diversified use-solid, gaseous, liquid forms)
 National Action Plan for Biomass 2013-2020
(approved by Govt.)
 Agro-energy link: Dual role of the agriculture land
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Total arable land in the Czech Republic: (4.2 million
ha):
food supply security (3.2 mil. ha) and
energy production- (1 mil. ha) (agriculture products
(corn) and wastes (straw), specially planted agriculture
products, fast growing trees, grass, forestry wastes
Renewable energy-Biomass Challenges
Source: Action Plan for Biomass (Ministry of Agriculture)
 Demand excess for forestry wastes
(demand/supply gap)
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major users: power plants, central heating
systems
 Trend to higher biomass prices- negativ
spiral: higher prices >feed-in tariffs- more
demand…higher prices
 Need to reinforce the local use of biomass/RE
for decentralized energy supply at
municipalities level
Renewable energy-Solar FV
Challenges
 To learn from the recent „boom“ of solar FV
project installations
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Excessive and uncontroled development
Growth in the installed capacity from 10 MW in
2006/7 to 1900 MW in 2012
 Adjustment of the feed-in- tariffs
 Subsidy significantly reduced and provided
for small roof FV projects only
Renewable energy: Wind energy
 Limited locations of favorable conditions
(velocity)
 Public acceptance rather low (a number of
planned projects postponed or cancelled)
 Capacity additions: range of a few hundred
MW
 Important international role of the Czech wind
technology industry
Renewable energy - Geothermal
 Relatively small energy potential (several
hundreds MW in longer-term)
 Hot dry rock type of projects (5 km deep
drilling)
 Pilot project under preparation (power and
heat supply)
 R&D international cooperation
Promotion of green renewable technologies
 Legislation: New bill regarding support of renewable energy
forms (2012)
 Financial incentives:
 Investment subsidy (biogas plants, fotovoltaic-small size
only)
 Feed-in tariffs: 15-years guarantee for initial subsidy level
 Small hydro plants
 Wind, FV (cancelled for large scale projects, restricted for
small-scale prohects (roof installation
 Reserach, development, Innovation
 Technological agency of the CR-TACR (Govt.´s/EU
financing),
 Intl. cooperation: EU (SET UP program), bilateral
cooperations
Conclusions and recommendation
for R&D in the biomass field
Source: Action Plan for Biomass (Ministry of Agriculture)
 Support further applied research in area of utilization
of alternative fuels originating in phytomass
 Support applied research in area of enhancement of
biogas yield efficiency
 Support applied research in area of utilization of
substrates rich in lignocellulose serving to
bioethanol production
 Seek the possibilities of joint research with
research and development institutions from
abroad
Technological options for energy/electrical
sector – Renewable technologies
 Electrical generation from renewable energies:
 Biomass power plants (combustion, biogas plants)
 Wind (total up to <1000 MW)
 Solar photovoltaic (currently1900 MW large scale
production)-stopped
 Geothermal (pilot project under preparation), heat
pumps
 Decentralized electricity and heat plants
(municipality/domestic users level)
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Biomass based technologies (combustion, pellets and
briketts production, small scale domestic stoves)
Biogas production (heat and power at local level)
Biomass technologies - Heat and power
supply
 Local and regional utilization of biomass (agriculture
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waste:straw, dry grass etc.)
Production of pellets and briquettes and their
preferred utilization in households
Municipality heating (CPH) plants
Gradual exchange of boilers on basis of biomass
sources in household sector
Biogas plants (anaerobic digestion of agriculture and
biowaste)
Biomass pyrolisis - recommendations
Source: Action Plan for Biomass (Ministry of Agriculture)
 Actively follow research and development of fast
pyrolysis technology and refining of biooil for possible
energy utilization also as engine fuel (e.g. method of
integrated hydropyrolysis and hydroconversion).
 Seek possibilities of joint research purposes in this
area with research and development institutions from
abroad (e.g. submission of joint application for grant
from FP7 EU).
 Prepare supportive national grant mechanisms (e.g.
cooperation with national platform „ Sustainable
power supply“ for realization of commercial plants
focused on production of pyrolysis biooil in future.
DEVELOPMENT OF NEW
GENERATIONS OF BIOFUELS
ENERGY:
Wind
Water
Solar
Geothermal energy
Biomass :
1.FERMENTATION
2.GASIFICATION
Sugar, starch crops
Oilseed crops
Biofuels: 2nd Generation - Outlook
 Despite a number of technological possibilities, it seems to be
no clear technological way to date
 Question of feedstock: Most of biomass is still burnt to heat and
electric energy
 B2G – at present the production seems still impracticable by
conventional approach
 Anticipated technological breakthroughs:
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large-scale production of algae with ca 100t/ha ??
hydrogen separation (from renewable energy
sources) ---fuel cells
 Need for further R & D
Other perspective biomass technologies
The R&D of the following technologies is considered as
perspective:
 Fluid gasification of biomass (for fuel variability).
 Gasification of black leach from cellulose
production (for suitability of gas for synthesis
reaction)
 High temperature fuel cells of SOFC type (as an
alternative to currently prevailing combustion of
biogas in gas engine for the production of electricity
and heat)
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
Contact: [email protected]