Transcript Nusa Tenggara Timur

Regional Climate Change
Adaptation Knowledge Network
Goal
 To facilitate climate change adaptation
in Asia at local, national and regional
levels and strengthen adaptive capacity
Three components
Regional knowledge sharing system established
New knowledge generated
Existing and new knowledge applied
Asia-Pacific Climate Change Adaptation Forum 2011
Mainstreaming Adaptation into Development:
ADAPTATION in ACTION
Acknowledge with thanks
Objectives
Gaps in actions taken to adapting to climate change (policies,
institutions, programs, etc.) specifically on the
implementation of RAN-PI at both national and local levels;
Knowledge and technology needs to enhance adaptive
capacity and foster resilience; and,
Capacity needs of different stakeholders including the
government and national agencies/ institutions to implement
adaptation priorities.
Focus
 Geographically marginal, economically peripheral and
ecologically vulnerable provinces
 Lesser Sunda Islands (Bali, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Nusa
Tenggara Timur)
Levels of assessment
06 Sept - 02 Oct 2011
Desa (Village)
Kabupaten
(District)
Provincial
National
06 Oct 2011
Focus group discussions
 Averaged 2 hours
 Facilitated by a local facilitator
 Number of participants: from 10 to 20
National FGD
Focus group discussions, Nusa Tenggara Barat
(n=107)
Level
Place
Provincial
Mataram
Desa
Gili Air
Ecosystem
Number of
Participants
Main occupational
characteristic of
participants
17
Representatives from various
NGOs in NTB and provincial
gov’t departments; 1 from
academe
Island
13
Mix farmers, fishers and
tourism industry workers
Jambi Anom
Coastal
13
Fishers
Suela
Forest
14
Involved in community forestry
Sembalun
Mountain
11
Farmers (Adat community)
Karang Bajo
Coastal
21
Farmers (Adat community)
Kabupaten
Lombok Utara
Gondang
14
Mostly government
representatives; 2 NGOS
Individual
interviews
Narmada, Darek – Ketara,
Tanjung Aan - Kuta
3
Darek – livestock farming,
labouring
Institutional
Interview
Sulistyono - Koslata
1
Disaster Risk Reduction
Focus group discussions, Nusa Tenggara
Timur (n=146)
Level
Place
Provincial
Kupang
Desa
Lelobatan, Mollo
Utara
Ecosystem
Number of
Participants
Main
characteristics
of participants
14
Representatives
from various NGOs
in NTT and
provincial gov’t
departments; 3
from academe
Mountain
16
Farmers
Tuapakas, Kualin
Coastal
97
Farmers and
fishers
Poloh, Panite
Agricultural
8
Farmers
Kabupaten Timor Tengah
Selata
Soe
10
Half gov’t, half
NGOs
Institutional interview
Pikul
1
Community
Empowerment,
Advocacy
Focus group discussions, Bali (n=69)
Level
Place
Provincial
Denpasar
Desa
Pelaga, Badung Utara
(subak abian)
Geluntung, Margarana,
Tabanan (subak sawah)
Ecosystem
Number of
Participants
Main characteristics of
participants
20
Representatives from various
NGOs in Bali and provincial gov’t
departments; 1 from academe
Agricultural
17
Farmers
Agricultural
14
Farmers
12
A number from government,
some NGOs 2 cadre from political
parties and 2 entrepreneurs
5
Fishers, seaweed farmers and
tourism employee
1
Disaster Risk Reduction,
Permaculture
Kabupaten
Tabanan
Individual
interviews
Nusa Ceningan and
Lembongan
Institutional
interview
IDEP
Small island
Organisations represented at the National FGD
WWF Indonesia, Marine Program
Lembaga Penanggulangan Bencana dan Perubahan Iklim, Nahdlatul Ulama
Platform Nasional PRB (National Platform for DRR)
Air Kita Foundation
AMAN
WALHI, International Affair and Climate Justice
SCDRR (Safer Communities through Disaster Risk Reduction)
Mercy Corps
Indonesian Earth Institute
Humanitarian Forum Indonesia
Australian-Indonesian Facilities for Disaster Reduction
Dewan Nasional Perubahan Iklim, the National Council for Climate Change
DNPI
Karitas Indonesia
Masyarakat Penanggulangan Bencana Indonesia, Indonesian Community for Disaster Reduction
Telapak
Nusa Tenggara Barat

Gili Air, small island village:
 Problem: water scarcity,water management
 Water polution from swimming pool maintenance for tourism
 Coastal abrasion
 Extreme weather
 Need: better knowledge on coastal and reef ecosystem

Jambi Anom, coastal village:
 Problem: traditional/artisanal fishers hard to cope with extreme and unpredictable weather.
 Need: instant alternative livelihood

Suela, community forestry village:
 Problem: more and new (unknown)pests
 Higher demand for fuelwood for tobacco smoking after government stopped kerosene subsidy.
 Need: more participation action research on managing impacts of CC.

Sembalun, mountain agricultural village:
 Problem: unpredictable and extreme weather that they used to highly rely on for their live and cultural events.
 Need: materials and trainers for their learning and empowerment center for “pesantren pertanian” and adat
communities.

Karang Bajo, coastal adat community village:
 Problem: unpredictable and extreme weather that they used to highly rely on for their live and cultural events.
 Need: materials and trainers for their learning and empowerment center for women and adat communities.
Nusa Tenggara Timur
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Provincial level, Kupang:
Kabupaten level (Timor Tengah Selatan), Soe:
Lelobatan-Mollo Utara, mountain agricultural & adat community village:
 Problem: unpredictable weather caused crops failure  food and seed scarcity, insecure sowing season.
 Food and seed management in “rumah bulat” disrupted.
 Need: instant alternative livelihood, weather proof variety of crops.
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Tuapakas-Kualin, coastal & adat community village:
Problem: unpredictable weather caused crops failure  food and seed scarcity, insecure sowing season.
Threats from offshore mining exploration that using dynamite, killing reef-fishes
Alternative income from colour gravel stones mining on the beach, but may cause coastal abrasion in longer
term.
Need: alternative livelihood.
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Poloh-Panite, agricultural village:
Problem: unpredictable weather caused crops failure  food and seed scarcity, insecure sowing season;
very dry arid land, but occassionally flooded in dry season.
Lack of other source of income, but very creative in hand-made textile weaving that might be an asset for
safety net.
Need: instant alternative livelihood.
Bali
 Kabupaten level (Tabanan), Tabanan:
 Already aware of CC, have done some replanting and reforestation, water
management with biopores, catchment-well, etc.
 Need: integrated approach for better adaptation ad mitigation for CC.
 Pelaga-Badung Utara, subak abian village:
 Problem: unpredictable weather caused crops failure, more and unknown pests.
 Ecotourism as an alternative livelihood is more promising.
 Need: more information about CC and how to adapt with it.
 Geluntung-Margarana, Tabanan, subak sawah village:
 Problem: not aware of CC, more concerns on agricultural chemical inputs and want to go
back to organic farming.
Summary of initial findings…RAN-PI
 Unknown at the kabupaten and village levels. For
instance, in North Lombok, only 3 of 15 FGD
participants at the kabupaten level knew about the
document. Of these three, only one has vaguely read
it.
 Climate change as such is not so much an issue at the
local level but immediate developmental problems
such as disruption in traditional natural resource
management systems.
Research questions
 How much of the survival of groups depend on rights? What are the rights angle of
adaptation? Would households with better bundle of rights adapt better to climate
change impacts?
 Are islands legitimate administrative units to demand government services? What are
the bargaining rights of small islands?
 What innovations are needed to be able to adapt successfully to food scarcity and
heightened impacts of CC? What technologies and seeds that are attuned to drier
environments?
 How assets are used to adapt to extreme events?
 What happened to the seed banks in the villages? Are there seed banks in the village?
Rumah bulad – traditional barn – how to build knowledge of seeds to the next
generation? How do you store seeds?
 How do you document local knowledge on seed management as a form of adaptive
management? How is this being affected by aspirational changes and migration of
young generation? How gendered is this? How affected by the movement of young
women to work as maids in Singapore?
Capacity building
 Identify local champions – entry point to empowermentassistance can only be sustained by working through local
champions
 More field schools on climate change to educate younger
kids (sekolah lapang) – already existing
 Supporting multi-stakeholder interests (e.g. business
sector) – finding and support a common agenda as a
trigger to leverage funds for the players (eg Tabanan) –
trigger the experience of positive interaction
 How to document local knowledge?
Result of Discussion…National
At the national level the issue is on the
integration of CCA and DRR not just
assessing how much been
implemented. At the community level,
both issues (including mitigation) are
integrated to solve urgent problems.
Differentiating who the players are on
CCA and DRR is not relevant
Coordination and collaboration among
governmental and non-governmental
institutions is essential to overcome
ego-sectoral approach.
WALHI complains about too much RAN
documents already that their contents
are conflicting and overlapping  need
real integration at the national level,
especially on the masterplan of
national and regional spatial planning.
Problem: without really looking or
assessing how far the RAN PI has been
implemented at the lower level, the
National Planning Body (Bappenas) is
planning to issue the new National
Action Plan (RAN) especially addressing
CC Adaptation.
And this should be supported with
binding regulations. For instance, the
RAN PI still needs a national law as a
legal basis to be implemented at the
lower levels.