Transcript Safer Coastal Zone Development - presentation by Anisur Rahman

ADPC experience and Suggested
approaches for Safer Coastal Zone
Development
NMSI Arambepola & Md Anisur Rahman
Asian Disaster Preparedness Center
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Importance of the Coastal Zone
The coastal zone has several important values
namely:
1. High level of biodiversity and biological activity
2. High scenic value, for tourism and recreation
3. Rich in biological and natural resources (coral
reefs, sea-grass beds)
4. Cheap source of protein (fish, seafood, etc.)
5. Source of livelihoods and important backbone
of local economy
6. Transportation, navigation
7. Settlements and housing
8. Rich in Natural resources
Source: World Resources Institute,
2001
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Issues and Challenges Along the Coasts
1. Extensive over-development of coastal and
marine economy
2. High population density
3. Land-based and sea-based marine pollution
4. Threats to biological diversity (conversion of
natural habitat to human uses)
5. The critical depletion of coastal resources
and environment
6. Increasing conflicts on coastal development
7. Disaster risks from coastal hazards
8. Impacts of climate change ex. Sea Level
Rise
Environmental
Degradation
Disaster
Risks
Climate
Change
Impacts
Sources: An, N.T.,Ed., 2003; An, N.T et al, 2006 and Nagothu, 2005
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- Coastal Hazards
Coastal hazards are natural and human-made hazards
that occur at the interface between the ocean and the
shoreline. Coastal hazards are categorized as rapidonset (fast moving) or slow-onset hazards
Storms
www.oceanweather.com
Coastal Erosion
coastal-landscapes.com
Floods
www.asianews.it
Saltwater Intrusion
enr.construction.com
Coastal Flooding
vietmaz.com
Sea Level Rise
vietnam.resiliencesystem.org
Rapid-Onset Hazards
Storms
Flooding
Storm Surge
Tsunamis
Slow-Onset Hazards
Shoreline Erosion
Sea Level Rise
Saltwater Intrusion
Land Subsidence
Storm Surge
www.telegraph.co.uk
Land Subsidence
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Hazards vs Disasters
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Understanding the occurrence of a Disaster:
Phenomenon
resulting in loss
Conditions
increasing
susceptibility to
disaster
Ability of people
and organizations
to manage
impacts of
disasters
Hazard
+
Vulnerability
Coping Capacity
Risk
Potential loss
which may occur
due to disaster
Loss
In lives, health
status,
livelihoods, assets
and services
HVR Capacity Assessment- participatory approach
HVRC Assessment - Technical inputs
 Community based risk maps can be upgraded
with GIS mapping, Multi hazard analysis
• Incorporated land use plans
• Risk indexes defined for ward levels
Local/Community level strategies
1.Objective setting - The setting of objectives and policies to manage safer development must be
available to local governments. It can be termed as community level DRR/CCA plan. Typical
objectives include
• accommodating future safer development by identifying land suitable for such purposes,
• protecting residents by avoiding climate change impacts and/or managing multihazard
risk on land/built up area subject to the influence of coastal hazards,
• protecting environmentally sensitive areas.
2.
Coastal hazard mapping - Coastal hazard mapping must identify coastal flood
and erosion hazard(s) and to provide the technical basis for land use planning
and development.
3. Risk management –
 Identification, assessment, measurement, and prioritization of DRR and CCA
measures
 Responding to climate risk by selecting the most appropriate adaption tools
4. Emergency planning and preparedness – Advance and post disaster planning
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DRR - Non structural measures
Measures to reduce the physical exposure of coastal areas to
impacts of hazards:
•
•
•
•
•
Early Warning Systems
Training and capacity building
Regulations such as Coastal Setbacks
Public Awareness
Others
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Community based EWS Monitoring
 Community Training on Flood alert &
developing city level EWS
 Developing Flood Models, establishing EWS
mechanism & disseminate warnings and
provide evacuation orders
 Identifying evacuation routes & conducting
regular simulations and drills
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Implementation of Preparedness Measures
 Community level EOC established
 First Responder training
 Supplemented with tools and equipment (life jackets, life buoys,
tents, generators, boats, communication equipment, public address
systems etc.)
 Training kits
 Operational manuals and training
Contd…
Small grant programs for Implementation of DRR Actions –
structural interventions
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Construction of drains to improve drainage
Improving water and sanitation facilities
Cleaning canals
Elevating access road to evacuation centers
Pond sand filter for safe drinking water
Local/Community level strategy
Wet flood proofing - Wet flood proofing consists of providing
protective measures below the Flood Construction Level of a
building which allows water to enter and exit a structure with
minimal damage.
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Achieving Community Resilience through
integrating DRR in Socio-economic & livelihood
programs focusing on urban poor…

Incorporating HVRC in local level economic
development plans & promoting sustainable
and diverse livelihoods

Availing technical and financial resources to
reduce vulnerability to sustain urban livelihoods

Provide assistance in assessing the risks
associated with SMEs, supply chains, location
specific risks and helping in business continuity
planning, etc.

Establishing social and cultural networks and
support efforts in traditional coping strategies
promoting indigenous methods
Community level CCA strategies
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