Transcript Melbourne

CONJUNCTIVE WATER USE
AS A SOLUTION TO SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT IN
LAKE CHAD BASIN, AFRICA
by
Solomon A. Isiorho,
Indiana University - Purdue University
Fort Wayne, Indiana, USA
J. A. Oguntola and A. Olojoba
Lake Chad Basin Commission, N’Djamena, Chad Republic
Aim
• Examine water use in semi-arid region in
developing nations
r
• Water water water
Talk Outline
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Introduction
Limiting Factors
Importance of Lake Chad
Current/ongoing studies
Possible Solutions
Conclusions
Introduction
L.ake Chad Basin
Study Area
Limiting Factors
• Global Climate Change
Limiting Factors
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Global Climate Change
• Droughts
Limiting Factor: Drought
Limiting Factors
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Global Climate Change
Droughts
• Population
Limiting Factors
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Global Climate Change
Droughts
Population
• Conflicts
Limiting Factors: Conflicts
• Changing Shorelines
• Flux in Boundary demarcation
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Water rights
Limiting Factors: Conflicts
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Changing Shorelines
Flux in Boundary demarcation
• Water rights
Limiting Factors
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Global Climate Change
Droughts
Population
Conflicts
• None involvement of Stakeholders
Limiting Factors
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Global Climate Change
Droughts
Population
Conflicts
None involvement of Stakeholders
• Pollution
Limiting Factors
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Global Climate Change
Droughts
Population
Conflicts
None involvement of Stakeholders
Pollution
• Education
Importance of Lake Chad
• Political Boundary
• Provides Protein (Fish)
Importance of Lake Chad
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Political Boundary
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Provides Protein (Fish)
• Provides jobs
• Provides water
Importance of Lake Chad
• Nigerian President Olusegun Obasanjo appeals to
the UN Development Programme and other
international agencies for help in reversing the
gradual recession and degradation of Lake Chad,
once the world's sixth largest,
• "Your vision for the people of the Lake Chad basin
must have at its core the security and well-being
of the suffering masses as well as the unity of the
member-nations,"
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In Abuja at the opening of the 47th session of the Lake Chad Basin Commission
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Copyright (c) UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs 2000-0003bA-00 (Wednesday 8 March)
Current/ongoing studies
• Field-based Studies
Field-based Studies
• Hydrogeology
– Wells
– Geophysical method
Results/Discussions
• Hydrogeology
Results/Discussions
• Hydrogeology
Field-based Studies
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Hydrogeology
– Wells
– Geophysical method
• Remote Sensing/GIS
– Shoreline monitoring
– Lineaments
– Inventory
Results/Discussions
• Remote Sensing
Results/Discussions
• Remote Sensing
Results/Discussions
• Remote Sensing
Chari Hydrograph at N’Djamena
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Years
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1983/84
1984/85
1985/86
1986/87
1987/88
1988/89
1989/90
1990/91
Max. Levels
» (cm)
525
302
565
501
416
756
489
411
Max. discharge
(cm3/s)
1912
779
2160
1770
1310
3460
1700
1290
Total Annual
10 9m3
16.54
6.72
16.81
15.17
9.56
28.34
15.75
11.48
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Flood peaks and flow volume of Chari River at N'Djamena (Irivboje, 1991)
• “As a result of persistent drought since the
1960s, the lake has shrunk to one-tenth of
its size.”
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Copyright (c) UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs 2000-0003bA-00 (Wednesday 8 March)
Field-based Studies
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Hydrogeology
– Wells
– Geophysical method
Remote Sensing/GIS
– Shoreline monitoring
– Lineaments
– Inventory
• Water quality
Results/Discussions
• Water Chemistry
Possible Solution(s)
• Management strategy
– interpretation and dissemination of
information
– eliminate water wasting projects
– involve stakeholders
– conjunctive surface & ground water use
Possible Solution(s)
• Role of Lake Chad Basin Commission
– coordinate data collection/management
• Members states of the commission, formed in 1964 to
ensure optimal use of the lake basin's water resources,
are Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Niger and
Nigeria.
• The commission is also supposed to coordinate the
planning and implementation of all regional projects of
the lake basin, review complaints and help settle
disputes.
Conclusions
• Sustainable economic development
possible
• Hydrology
– Conjunctive use of surface and ground water
• Stakeholders
– Involvement
• Education
– A two-way process
Conclusions