Transcript SOER2010_freshwater_PKR201009 - Eionet Forum

EEA State of Water
reporting
Peter Kristensen,
European Environment Agency
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State of Europe’s waters
http://www.eea.europa.eu/
State of Europe’s waters
– How is it? (Nutrients, pesticides,
heavy metals, ecological
quality..............)
– How much is there? (Runoff,
availability, demands, Water
Stress.........)
Time trends
Reports since last meeting
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– Getting better or worse?
Pressures on the environment
• Climate change
• Human
• Industrial
• Agricultural
“What is causing the problems?”
State of Action on policies
“Are they working towards target?”
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Climate change
impacts
European water
resources
Bathing water
Urban environment
Water scarcity and
adaptation in the
Alps
Impacts of Europe's changing climate 2008 indicator-based assessment
Water Issues
Water quantity
•River Discharge (Stream-Flow)
•Floods
•Droughts & water scarcity –
Low flow
•Hydropower and power plants
•Cooling water
Water quality and biodiversity
•Lake and river temperature
•Lake and river ice coverage
•Freshwater quality
•Phenology
•Northward movement
•Bluegreen algae
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Climate change: Change in seasonal flow
Change in daily average river flow between
2071-2100 (blue line) and 1961-1990 (black line).
Rhône
Danube
Indalselven
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Source: EEA/JRC/WHO 2008
Guadiana
Water resources across Europe —
confronting water scarcity and drought
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Introduction
Water availability,
abstraction and supply
Impacts of water
abstraction and supply
Water abstraction for
industry and energy
production
Public water supply
Agricultural water use
Conclussions on future
water resource
management in Europe
Water scarcity and drought (WS&D) in Europe
Reservoir,
Sicily
Reservoir
, Cyprus
River
Elbe,
Dresden
Source: Tallaksen L. 2007:
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http://www.geo.uio.no/for_skolen/lena-torke.pdf
Spring.
2007
Water scarcity and drought in 2008
Capacity of storage
reservoirs Barcelona og
Cypern spring 2008
During the summer 2008
Cyprus has received water by
more than 30 tankers from
Greece
Desalination plants
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Quality of bathing water — 2008 bathing
season
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Summary of the state
of bathing water in
2008 season
27 national reports on
state of bathing water
WISE map viewer
Data viewer
Eye on Earth (near
real-time data from
volunteer countries)
Ensuring quality of life in Europe's
cities and towns
Water aspects
• Water supply
• Flooding
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Regional climate change and adaptation
— The Alps facing the challenge of
changing water resources
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Climate change in the Alps
The Alps as water towers
for Europe.
Water resources, climate
change and adaptation
options in sectors
Adaptation in vulnerable
alpine regions — lessons
learnt from regional case
studies
[1] What is SOER 2010
SOER = State and Outlook of the Environment Report
Publication Date: 29 November 2010
Aim: Fulfil obligation under EEA Regulation, Art 2.vi to
publish a report on the state of, trends in and
prospects for the environment every five years.
Primary audience / key clients:
EC, European Parliament, EEA member countries
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[2] Structure of SOER 2010
A
B
C
Exploratory
assessment
EEA+6 wide
system analysis
Country
specific analyses
•Global drivers
•Megatrends
•Uncertainties
•Long-term policy
implications
•Atmosphere
•Freshwater
•Marine
•Terrestrial
•Human
•Diversity
•Commonality
•Flexibilty
Synthesis
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Integrated Analysis (Reflecting – Reviewing – Rethinking)
[3] SOER2010 part B: Freshwater chapters
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Water quality (Eutrophication and hazardous
substances)
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Water quantity (Too little water, too much water and
modified rivers)
Draft chapters nearly ready for first consultation (End
October – End November). 2nd consultation in February
The draft chapters provide a good indication of the
information to be included in the final version, but the
text generally have to be improved.
In several places countries are asked for supplement
additional information or comment on the already
included information.
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[4] SOER2010 part B: Water pollution
Impacts on Freshwater Ecosystems
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Eutrophication, Endocrine disruption, metals, pesticides etc
Impacts on Human Health
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Bathing Water Quality, Toxic blooms, inadequate drinking
water treatment
Costs of water and wastewater treatment
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Financial, and in terms of energy and chemical consumption
Focus on agriculture and urban environment as key sources
Encompasses a range of pollutants
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Nutrients, pesticides, metals, endocrine disruptors,
pharmaceutical products, industrial chemicals
[5] SOER2010 part B: Water pollution
• Overview of ‘Response’ that focuses on range
of water related policy and legislation, i.e.
WFD, NiD, UWWTD, EQSD, CAP, Pesticides
Directive.
• Identifies need to implement full cost recovery
of water services and to tackle pollution ‘at
source’
• A challenge exists to assess current status and
‘distance to target’ under WFD, across Europe.
RBMP’s are of key importance, as is a close link
to Part C (freshwater) assessments.
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[6] SOER2010 part B: Water quantity
Too little water, too much water and
modified rivers – Key messages
1. In many locations water use by agriculture,
public water supply and tourism poses a threat
to Europe's water resources and demand often
exceeds availability.
2. Europe cannot increase the water supply
endless, we must reduce the demand.
3. Climate change will almost certainly
exacerbate the adverse impacts of water
scarcity and drought.
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[7] SOER2010 part B: Water quantity
Too little water, too much water and
modified rivers – Key messages
4. Over the last ten years Europe suffered over 165 major
floods - Flood risk management measures that work with
nature, not against it, should be promoted.
5. Climate change is likely to cause an increase in flood
hazard across much of Europe.
6. Many European river and lakes have been altered by
human activities (drainage, navigation, hydropower,
dams and flood defence)
7. Policies and demand for irrigated agriculture incl.
bioenergy, tourism activities, hydropower and inland
water navigation may conflict with the Water Framework
objective of achieving good ecological and quantitative
status.
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[8] SOER 2010 Part C – Freshwater
2005: SOER Part C country analysis– Two pages country profiles (1/4 page on
freshwater)
Belgium: Use of Freshwater Resource: Total use of water (excluding cooling-water) in Flanders decreased by 14 %
(1991–2002). Industry use decreased by almost 40 % in the period 1996–2000. Water availability in Flanders
is low and two-thirds is imported. Among the lowest in Europe the Walloon region uses 105 litres per person
per day for domestic needs. This is due to increasing water prices, the use of more efficient equipment and
increasing use of rainwater. In 2004, the Brussels region used 113 litres per person per day for domestic
needs. 61 % of water in the Brussels-Capital region is used by households, 25 % by the tertiary sector and
11 % by fire control and other public services, including network losses.
Greece: Use of freshwater resources The problems of water management mainly concern issues of quantity and
not of quality. The uneven distribution of water resources and rainfall creates water availability problems.
Agriculture is the most significant water consumer and demand for irrigation has doubled in the last twenty
years. Irrigation is of paramount importance for agriculture productivity in Greece where water deficiencies in
arid and semi-arid areas can severely curtail crop yields. Irrigation accounts for over 80 % of total water
abstractions. Between 1992 and 2002, water abstraction for agricultural use was reduced by about 2.5 %. It
is estimated that over the next years, further reductions will be achieved. These will arise from the
implementation of new CAP and EU regulations, modernisation and renovation of irrigation networks,
application of new technologies for irrigation, and the training of farmers in good agricultural practices.
Significant progress has been made in wastewater management and approximately 70 % of the national
population was serviced by wastewater treatment plants in 2004. For the 2004 bathing season, 99.9 % of
Greek coasts complied with national requirements, while 97.6 % of coasts met EU requirements .
Member countries asked for better country information in the next SOER
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[9] SOER 2010 Part C – Freshwater – guiding
structure
a – Why should we care about this theme?
b – What are the state (S) and impacts (I) related to
this theme, including impacts on the natural
environment and human health/well-being, both
at national level as well as in transboundary
terms?
c – What are the related key drivers (D) and
pressures (P) at national level?
d – What is the 2020 outlook (date flexible) for the
topic in question and how will this affect possible
impacts on the natural environment and human
health/well-being?
e – Which responses (R) have been put in place or are
planned at national level for the theme in
question?
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[10] SOER 2010 Part C – Freshwater - country
contributions (as of 16 October 2009)
Deadline 30 June 2009
Full submissions (20) – Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland,
Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Germany, Greece,
Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal,
Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland
Announced delay (14) – Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Croatia, Denmark, Hungary, Ireland, Luxembourg, Malta,
Montenegro, Poland, Slovenia, Turkey, United Kingdom
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[11] SOER 2010 Part C – Freshwater - country
contributions (as of 16 October 2009)
Bulgaria (in BG)
Czech Republic
Estonia
Finland
Germany
Greece
Iceland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania (in LT)
Netherlands
Norway
Portugal
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Spain (in ES)
Sweden (in SE )
Switzerland
FYR Macedonia
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16 p.
9 p.
16 p.
28 p.
14 p.
7 Documents – 41 p.
11p.
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7 p.
5 p.
5 p.
4 p.
4 p.
4 p.
3 p.
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27 p.
3 p.
3 p.
3 p.
Water quantity
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Water quality
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[12] SOER 2010 Part C – Freshwater - country
contributions
The countries have generally delivered much valuable information in
the first draft freshwater sections,
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ranging from comprehensive descriptions of most aspects related to
state of freshwaters (e.g. Estonia and Greece)
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to brief descriptions of one to two country-relevant aspects (e.g. the
Netherlands and Sweden).
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In most cases, the countries have used EEA freshwater indicators or
similar national examples.
Towards more comparability
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the importance of following the structure of the guiding questions for
freshwater,
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Include information and results on national WFD implementation
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A higher degree of comparability can also be secured through the
consistent and more explicit use of EEA freshwater core set of
indicators
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[13] SOER 2010 Part C – Freshwater –
Recommendations (1)
b – What are the state (S) and impacts (I)
• Water quantity:
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Water exploitation index (CSI18) and other information on water
scarcity and drought and overexploitation of water resources
Water quality:
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Ecological/chemical classification of freshwater bodies – generally
based on results from WFD classification or existing national
classification schemes
State and trends in nutrient concentration (CSI20) and pollution
by oxygen-consuming substances (CSI19)
c – What are the related key drivers (D) and pressures (P)
• Water quantity:
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Water abstraction and water use (CSI18)
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Emission of pollutants
Discharge from wastewater treatment and level of wastewater
treatment (CSI24)
Water quality:
[14] SOER 2010 Part C – Freshwater –
Recommendations (2)
e – Which responses (R)
• Summary describing of implementation of the Water
Framework Directive in the given country
• Water quantity:
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Information on national activities on water scarcity and droughts
is relevant.
Measures related to water saving and conservation; information
on water pricing
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Water quality:
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Remaining drafts and second drafts as soon as possible – cross
reference/use of information for part B -
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Implementation of the Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive
Implementation of the Nitrates Directive
Thanks for your attention
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