Transcript PowerPoint

Q 23/5 “Using ICTs to enable countries to adapt to
climate change”
Q 22/5 "Setting up a low cost sustainable
telecommunication infrastructure for rural
communications in developing countries"
Ahmed Zeddam (Chair)
Dave Faulkner
(Climate Associates Ltd, UK)
Franz Zichy (US Department of State)
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Note to Japanese Colleagues
 We would like to add our sympathy to you
and your families as you experience
various hardships arising from the recent
earthquake
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Agenda
 Introduction to the meeting-Ahmed Zeddam
 Introduction to the new Question 23/5 "Using ICTs
to enable countries to adapt to climate change" Dave Faulkner
 Introduction to the new Question 22/5 "Setting up a
low cost sustainable telecommunication
infrastructure for rural communications in
developing countries" -Franz Zichy
 Coordination and contributions-Ahmed Zeddam
 Future meetings (SG5 and this JCA)-Ahmed
Zeddam
 AOB
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Introduction to this online meeting,
 SG5 (and this JCA) Chairman
 Ahmed Zeddam (France Telecom-Orange)
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What are the aims of this
meeting?
 Introduce new Questions 22 and 23
 Provide stimulation for contributions on
the new topics
 Especially where gaps in standards are
identified
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Motivation for the new Questions
 The Conference of the Parties of the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in
December 2007 (COP-13) developed the Bali Action Plan.
 Among its actions it calls for enhanced action on adaptation, taking into account the needs of
developing countries that are particularly vulnerable to the
adverse effects of climate change;
 The ITU is well placed to help countries to implement the
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
(UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol through the use of ICTs
 It is proposed to work with UNFCCC to ensure that the right policy and
technical frameworks are in place to move towards a low carbon
economy and so that ICT’s potential to adapt to climate change is
maximised.
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What is in the new Question 23/5?
“Using ICTs to enable countries to adapt
to climate change”
 Acting Rapporteur Dave Faulkner (Climate Associates Ltd)
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Aims
The aim of the new Question is to address this area of the Bali Action
Plan: ‘enhanced action on adaptation’
This will provide handbooks on best practices and recommendations, if
necessary, to help developing countries to deal with the issues
concerned with adaptation to climate change.
It will work closely with Q18/5 activity on methodology and standardise
the technologies themselves in the appropriate SGs and with new
question ITU-D Q24/2.
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http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/studygroups/com05/sg5-q23.html
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Study Items include but are not limited to
#1
 What are the standardisation requirements for ICTs to enable
adaptation to climate change?
 How can ICTs, in particular fibre submarine cable networks, be
used more effectively to monitor the global
environment/ecosystem and what new standards are required?
 How can ICT standards be used and adapted to more effectively
disseminate information on both natural and man-made
disasters (early warning) to communities (e.g. supporting
GDACS under the UN framework?
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http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/studygroups/com05/sg5-q23.html
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Study Items include but are not limited to
#2
 Identifying if new ICT standards are needed to address food
security, water transportation and supply, in close collaboration
with D sector.
 How can ICT standards better enable water management under
accelerating climate change conditions to improve the overall
efficiency of water use, leading to a more sustainable use of
water resources?
 What ICT standards need to be used or developed to
disseminate information to enable farmers to better forecast
crop yields and production?
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http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/studygroups/com05/sg5-q23.html
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Study Items include but are not limited to
#3
 How can ICTs be used to monitor deforestation and forest degradation
and what standards are available or need development?
 How can ICTs be used to reduce CO2e emissions by better waste
management through a ‘cradle to cradle’, i.e. ‘closed loop’, approach
whereby more efficient recycling means fewer raw materials need to be
mined?
 What standards are needed for ICTs to be used to increase energy
supply efficiency and maximize the use of renewable sources?
 How can ICTs be used in education and to raise awareness on climate
change and what standards development is required?
 What e-health standards are needed for more effective healthcare, as
diseases spread due to changing climatic conditions, and to ensure
interoperability?
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http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/studygroups/com05/sg5-q23.html
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Tasks
 Establish handbooks on practical examples and
best practices of ICT standards, and if necessary
Recommendations, to support adaptation to
climate change.
 Produce a ‘roadmap’ to identify the types of ICT
technologies and standards available, propose
improvements and facilitate more effective use of
these
 Coordinate with other SGs, ITU-R, ITU-D and other
bodies on a regular basis to collaborate effectively
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http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/studygroups/com05/sg5-q23.html
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Next
 The following slides illustrate aspects of
adaptation which could lead to contributions
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Monitoring and climate forecasts
Adaptation
Service Types
Fixed v mobile benefits
Which Wireless Systems are we interested in?
Which Devices are we interested in?
GDACS-Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System
 Identification of gaps in standards is a key
consideration
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Climate change adaptation
Definition
 “Climate change adaptation is acting to tolerate the effects
of global warming”[1]
 It consists of initiatives and measures to reduce the
vulnerability of natural and human systems against actual or
expected climate change effects
 However the capacity and potential for human systems to
adapt (called adaptive capacity) is unevenly distributed
across different regions and populations [2]
 Adaptation will be more difficult for larger extremes and higher
rates of climate change
[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_mitigation
[2] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptation_to_global_warming
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Climate Monitoring
 Provides climate data to enable scientific
theories to be verified and allows predictions
to be made by climate modellers
 Often linked with data gathering for weather
forecasting and air traffic control
http://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/star/meeting_CMS2010.php
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What is the predicted
temperature change?
-varies with region and location
 One example cited
here-West Africa
 The bars at the end
of the orange
envelope represent
the range of
projected changes
for 2091 to 2100
 Circa 2007 (always
check for latest
results from
climate modellers)
http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-chapter11.pdf
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Sea Level Rise This
Century
 IPCC 4th assessment report
prediction [1]
 0.18-0.59m
 “Models of glacier mass balance
(the difference between melting and
accumulation of snow and ice on a
glacier) give a theoretical maximum
value for sea level rise in the
current century of 2 metres (and a
"more plausible" one of 0.8 metres),
based on limitations on how quickly
glaciers can melt [2,3].
[4]
[1] http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg2/ar4-wg2-chapter6.pdf
[2] http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/321/5894/1340
[3] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_sea_level_rise
[4] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NOAA_sea_level_trend_1993_2010.png
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Sea Level Fluctuations
 Combinations of factors can lead
to flood disaster
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Land mass sink
Low atmospheric pressure*
Storm surge*
Wave and tidal peak*
Earthquake and tsunami
Storm run off*
* = increased risk with global
warming
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_level
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Climate Monitoring:
Examples
 Satellite observations [1,2,3]
 Visible and in infrared
 Ground based
 Remote Automated Weather Stations [4,5]
 May be added to cellphone base stations
commons.wikimedia.org/.../File:GOES12_satellite_image_of_Hurricane_Katrina.jpg
 Submarine systems
 How can we adapt telecommunications
systems for this?
 See ITU-T Technology Watch Report [6]
[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weather_satellite
[2] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_sea_level_rise
[3] http://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/star/meeting_CMS2010.php
[4] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remote_Automated_Weather_Station
[5] http://raws.fam.nwcg.gov/raws101.html
[6] http://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-t/oth/23/01/T23010000110001PDFE.pdf
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Climate Monitoring
Where are improvements needed?
Example - Africa
 Africa has a network eight times below the WMO minimum
recommended standard, and less than 200 automatic weather
stations that meet WMO observation requirements
 Mobile networks provide the necessary connectivity, power and
security to sustain the weather equipment.
 Up to 5,000 automatic weather stations are to be deployed at cellular sites across
Africa, where less than 300 are reporting today.
 This will increase dissemination of weather information via mobile phones to
users and communities, including remote farmers and fishermen
 The initial deployment, already begun in Zain networks, focuses on the area
around Lake Victoria in Kenya, United Republic of Tanzania and Uganda. The first
19 automatic weather stations installed will double the weather monitoring
capacity of the Lake region
www.wmo.int/pages/mediacentre/press_releases/pr_855_en.html
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Priorities for Adaptation #1
Will climate change put these more at risk?
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Drinking water supply
Food supply
Shelter
Health (diseases)
Transport infrastructure (boat, rail, road, air)
 Robust communications services are vital to
maintain these services
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Priorities for Adaptation #2
Ubiquitous ICT can reduce the risk to local populations
 Food and water preparedness for possible disaster [1]
 Availability of advice online
 Drinking water supply
 Control of water levels (close/open sluice gates etc)
 Blocked drains (alert and action to unblock)
 Food supply
 Monitoring and control of agricultural land and processes
 Flood/drought: request to send to food from nearest store to remote
locations
 Shelter
 Disaster: request to provide tents and other necessities
 Health (diseases)
 Request advice/medications by phone, text or email
 Transport infrastructure (boat, rail, road, air)
 Updates on state of roads, bridges, railways during flood run off
[1] http://www.state.nj.us/njoem/preparedness_foodwater.html
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ICT and Food Security
Example of a wireless network scheme to
monitor agricultural parameters
[1] ITU-T Technology Watch Report “ICTs and Food Security”
http://www.itu.int/oth/T230100000B/en
[2] http://commonsense.epfl.ch/
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Next
 Establishing the ICT service requirements
for Adaptation to Climate Change..
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Establishing the ICT requirements for Adaptation to Climate Change
Adaptation with Broadcast Services
 Radio and TV services
 Early warning and Emergency advice
• Severe weather
• Flood risk
• Evacuation procedure
 Education
 Advantage
 Cheap country-wide coverage
 Big limitation
 No signalling or alerts
• Limited use at night
 One way communication
• (except with private mobile radio, citizen’s band, etc)
 Revert to sirens or loud hailers etc
 Broadcast text messages would be better
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Establishing the ICT requirements for Adaptation to Climate Change
Adaptation with Voice Services
 Interactive voice services (network may be fixed or
mobile)
 Passing on local conditions (to broadcaster)
 Request for help
 Planning movement of water, food, people
 Advantage
 Specific actions can be coordinated
 Big limitation
 Coverage and powering
 Infrastructure build required
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Establishing the ICT requirements for Adaptation to Climate Change
Adaptation with Text Services
 Mobile networks (mostly)
 Passing on local conditions (to broadcaster)
 Request for help
 Planning movement of water, food, people
 Advantages
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Cheaper services (than voice and broadband)
Message can be re-read
Non intrusive (does not disrupt recipient)
Alert signal is sent
 Limitations
 Coverage
 Powering
 Infrastructure build required
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Establishing the ICT requirements for Adaptation to Climate Change
Adaptation with Broadband Services
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Fixed or Mobile Networks can be broadband enabled
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Access to very detailed information from internet
Access to email etc
Video services via Skype etc
 Applications include
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Advantages
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Passing on local conditions (to broadcaster)
Request for help
Planning movement of water, food, people
New applications can be quickly devised
Can be always on
Messages can be stored, re-read and forwarded
Non intrusive (does not disrupt recipient)
Alert signal possible
Laptops or PDAs may be used for access
Limitations
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Cost of service
Coverage (may require broadband enabling)
Powering
Infrastructure build required
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Establishing the ICT requirements for Adaptation to Climate Change
Are special requirements
needed for adaptation to CC?
 Adaptation builds on ‘intended use’ of
telecommunications networks which is to enable
business and social communications
 Adaptation is an ‘extra consideration’ to the basic services
• Text, voice and broadband
 Some services may need to be designed and built to
operate in different modes when disaster strikes
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Saving power
Preventing overload
Increasing security
Increased resilience to outage
Broadcasting text or voice services
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Establishing the ICT requirements for Adaptation to Climate Change
Fixed versus mobile
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Fixed
Exchange power for
telephony provided
ADSL may be added to
existing lines
Unlimited bandwidth
with fibre
Costly infrastructure
needed to each user
Cannot be everywhere
 Flood and wind risk
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Mobile
Local power (batteries)
needed to make calls
2/3G compatible systems
available
Bandwidth limited by cell
size /spectrum availability
Infrastructure requires
less trenching (cheaper)
Can be anywhere (subject
to radio coverage)
Less Flood and wind risk
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Establishing the ICT requirements for Adaptation to Climate Change
What needs to be done at project
level-(Pre Standards)?
 Run feasibility projects to serve your local or
national community to help minimise the risks due
to climate change
 This should (preferably) include an ICT aspect and a
business case
 A small project with scaling-up potential is preferred
 Multiply up the benefits
 Communicate your results worldwide
 Input to international standards where possible
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Establishing the ICT requirements for Adaptation to Climate Change
Adaptation to Climate Change
Which wireless systems are we interested in?
 Satellite
 Monitoring weather/climate on national or international scale and early
warning of extent of disasters
 Interactive: providing ubiquitous coverage for news media
 Land based interactive
 Private Mobile Radio (PMR) to mobilise emergency services
 Land based broadcast
 News updates
 Land based monitoring
 Weather stations
 Cellular: providing detailed information (internet/websites)
 Person to person (text and voice calls)
 Implementing community action plans
 This is the topic identified in Question 22/5….
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Establishing the ICT requirements for Adaptation to Climate Change
Adaptation to Climate change
Which ICT devices are we interested in?
 Mainframes
 Providing ever more sophisticated climate models
 Computing power has doubled every 18 months
 Data centres
 Acting as host servers to allow information to be exchanged
 Personal Computers
 Accessing internet to gain information about climate change and forecasts
 Collecting, managing and uploading local environmental data
 Handheld devices (e.g. based on mobile phones)
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Primary voice communications and text messages
Global positioning system is included in latest generation
Photographs and video streaming/upload possible
Allow a multiplicity of new software applications to be downloaded
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Establishing the ICT requirements for Adaptation to Climate Change
Adaptation to Climate Change
Software platforms
 Ideally a single platform for mobile broadband would be
standardised so that all mobiles could receive and
transmit equally via the internet
 E.g. Android may be an example of this [1]
 a Linux-based platform from the Open Handset Alliance
 Application programming is primarily done in Java.
 Performance critical code can be written in C, C++ or other native code
languages
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[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_application_development
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The Global Disaster Alert and
Coordination System (GDACS)
 “A cooperation framework under the United Nations umbrella to
 consolidate and strengthen the network of providers and users of disaster
information worldwide
 provide reliable and accurate alerts and impact estimations after sudden-onset
disasters and to
 improve the cooperation of international responders in the immediate
aftermath..
 To date, GDACS has more than 9000 and has become an integral part of
international disaster response to sudden-onset disasters.
 “Provides near real-time alerts about natural disasters around the world and
tools to facilitate response coordination, including media monitoring, map
catalogues..”
 Flood, earthquake, cyclone, tsunami, volcano
 Receive instant email, SMS or fax alerts in case an earthquake or tsunami
occurs with a potential for humanitarian disaster.
 Has already standardised the communications protocols RSS and
GLIDE
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Next
 Franz Zichy will introduce the new
Question 22/5
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New Question 22/5
“Setting up a low cost sustainable
telecommunication infrastructure for rural
communications in developing countries”
 Acting Rapporteur
 Franz Zichy (US Department of State)
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Motivation
 Current mobile network systems do not meet the
requirements for rural/remote deployment in
developing countries
 Current mobile network systems designed for
urban area deployment
 Infrastructure
– Power
– Shelter
– Accessibility
– Manpower skills to operate
– Logistics
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http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/studygroups/com05/sg5-q22.html
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Challenges
 Challenges to deploying Telecommunication infrastructure
in rural/remote areas in developing nations are:
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Access to electricity.
Expense of power backup.
Terrain.
Accessibility and transportation.
Lack of skilled manpower.
Installation and maintenance of networks.
Operating costs high.
Average revenue per user low.
Population sparse and scattered.
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http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/studygroups/com05/sg5-q22.html
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Study Items Include:
 Collect, assess, and combine the challenges faced by developing
countries in setting up a low cost sustainable telecommunication
infrastructure in rural areas.
 Develop requirements for rural mobile network system specifically
addressing such identified challenges of rural deployment, to
include
 Planning, Analysis, Design, implement, maintenance (SDLC)
 Study the generic system requirements (independent of chosen
Radio transmission technology) for rural mobile networks systems
 An outlook towards deployment architecture, power
consumption, power source, packaging, operation &
maintenance etc.
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http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/studygroups/com05/sg5-q22.html
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Tasks
 Develop guidance:
 To set up sustainable telecommunication infrastructure in
rural/remote areas of developing countries.
• With the objective to finding energy efficient means to
power mobile network systems for deployment of
telecommunication infrastructure in areas without access
to electricity.
 To improve resilience of mobile networks during a
disaster (e.g. hurricane, tropical storm, etc).
 Guidance in the form of a Handbook would contain best
practices and recommendations.
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Understand Needs
 Establishing the requirements for Rural
Communications
 Understand the needs of rural areas in
developing countries
• Taking into consideration:
– National, regional and global standards and policies
– Available financial and manpower resources
– Prevailing material and labor costs
– The purchasing power of the targeted consumer
– The capability of potential users, the 'information
culture' of the society, and topography and weather of
these countries
– Action plans needed with partnerships at community
level to support roll-out and educational aspects
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Technical Requirements
 Understanding technical requirements
 Base stations may be remotely located
• May require wind, solar, or other alternative green energy
source.
• Equipment built to sustain extreme weather
(weatherproofing)
• Ease of service by non-technical personnel
• Ubiquitous coverage
• Add-ons such as climate monitoring
• Wide range of mobile, portable and fixed devices
supported
• Resilient and robust network design
• Low cost
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Options for Resilience
 Alternative routing to base stations
 E.g. point to point radio (2 links) and/or fibre
 Alternative power sources at base station
 Grid, diesel, wind, solar, battery, wood gas
 Alternative access
 Fixed (copper and/or fibre) and wireless
 IP routing at nodes
 Seeks alternative paths automatically
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Next
Coordination Activities and
Summary of what contributions
are needed
 SG5 (and this JCA) Chairman
 Ahmed Zeddam (France Telecom-Orange)
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Q22 Coordination Requirements
“Setting up a low cost sustainable telecommunication
infrastructure for rural communications in developing
countries”
 ITU-T SGs 3, 5, 6, 15, 19 and 23/5
 ITU-D SG 2 and ITU-R SGs
 Standardization bodies, forums and consortia:
 ISO, IEC, ETSI , GSMA,
 Others
 Need to consider best practice from other entities
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Work underway in ITU-D
Need for coordination in Q22:
 ITU-T SG 5 encouraged to take advantage of resources
produced in ITU-D
 Case study libraries
• http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/study_groups/SGP_20062010/events/Case_Library/index.asp
 ITU-D Questions
• Question 10-3/2, Telecommunications/ICT for rural and
remote areas
• Question 22-1/2, Utilization of telecommunications/ICTs
for disaster preparedness, mitigation and response
• Question 25/2, Access technology for broadband
telecommunications including IMT, for developing
countries
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Q23 Coordination Requirements
“Using ICTs to enable Countries to Adapt to Climate Change”
 ITU-T SGs 9, 13, 15 and 16
 ITU-D and ITU-R SGs
 Standardization bodies, forums and consortia:
 ISO, ETSI ,UNFCCC, UNEP, FAO, UN-REDD Programme
(avoiding forest degradation), UN-Water and UN-Habitat on
sustainable water supplies,
 Cooperation with UNFCCC
 is particularly important for the assessment of the
environmental impacts including ICT projects and the
assessment of the environmental impacts of ICT in countries
or groups of countries
 Any Others?
 Need to consider best practice from elsewhere
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Work underway in ITU-D
Need for coordination in Q23 (Adaptation):
 ITU-T SG 5 encouraged to take advantage of resources
produced in ITU-D
 ITU-D Questions- as for Q22 plus
• Question 7-3/1, Implementation of universal access to
broadband services
• Question 19-2/1, Implementation of IP telecommunication
services in developing countries
• Question 9-3/2, Identification of study topics in the ITU T
and ITU-R study groups which are of particular interest to
developing countries
• Question 24/2, Question on ICT and climate change
 International standards may be required in some of these
topic areas
 These could be produced in Q23/5
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Summary of issues to consider in
Contributions to Q22
Rural Communications
 Examples of potential new standards (handbooks)
 Power supply (affordability and reliability)
• Providing power and power backup
• Avoiding environmental hazards
 How to cope with
• Difficult terrain
– Access and transportation challenges
– Wireless signal transmissions
• Lack of skilled manpower to install and maintain networks
• Sparsely populated and scattered population clusters
 Measures designed to
• Reduce cost
• Improve availability and reliability
• Enable weather monitoring at low additional cost
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Summary of issues to consider in
contributions on Q23 (Adaptation)
 What new standards (handbooks) are needed in the areas of
 ICTs to enable adaptation to climate change
 Submarine cable networks to monitor the global
environment/ecosystem
 ICTs to disseminate information on natural and man-made
disasters
 Food security, water transportation, water management and supply
 Dissemination of information to enable farmers to better forecast
crop yields and production
 Monitoring deforestation and forest degradation
 Waste management reducing raw materials and CO2
 Energy supply and use of renewable sources
 Education and raising awareness on climate change
 E-health as diseases spread due climate change
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Final Comments
 Next meeting of ITU-SG5 is
 27 April-05 May 2011 Geneva
 For ITU-T members and invited guests/observers
 Will appoint Rapporteurs and Associate Rapporteurs for
Q22 and Q23 at this meeting
 Next meeting of this JCA is
 10:00-13:00, 6 May, Geneva and online
 Open to all
 Please contribute to the new (and existing)
questions
 Consider the gaps in standards as top priority
 Deadline 14 April (for 27th April meeting)
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