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New Perspectives on
The Environmental Impact of
Agriculture and Energy Use
as seen from
The Research Council of Norway
Christina Abildgaard
Director
Division for Strategic Priorities
Staur Gjestegård,
Norway
August, 16th 2004
A growing world…
World population 2004:
6.314 mill. – 842 mill. are chronically hungry
Energy consumption
The world
North America
1973
2001
55.000 TWh 84.000 TWh
18.000 TWh 22.000 TWh
Europe
14.000 TWh 16.100 TWh
Africa
1.530 TWh
4.600 TWh
Asia
5.950 TWh 19.500 TWh
Science – a decisive role to play in developing
sustainable food and energy production
The urgency of international
cooperation…
Sustainable development – a cornerstone of
research policies
 Cooperation on agriculture and energy issues
must be pursued in an international perspective
International agreements set agenda
 WTO, Kyoto-agreement, EUs directives, …..
Bilateral: USA – Norway
 Agreement on research and technology (in neg.)
 DOE – OED: Memorandum of understanding on
energy research
The urgency of international
cooperation…
The Research Council of Norway will support
efforts to create a new research agenda
Participation in international fora:






EU framework programme, ERA-net
OECD
IEA – e.g. IEA-bioenery
CGIAR
IGFA
NORIA
The Research Council of Norway is a
strategic governmental agency
Director General
Staff
Administration
Division for
Science
International staff
Communication
Division for
Strategic
Priorities
Division for
Innovation
 Advise the government on research policy issues
 Finance and stimulate public and private R&D
 Create arenas for cooperation and knowledge
distribution
New strategy of RCN
Main objectives:
Focus on quality
Innovation
Dialogue between science and society
International cooperation
Take care of
the best and brightest
International
cooperation
USA important
Builds on long
traditions
EU increasingly
important
High success rate
in FP 6
Bilateral
agreements
Europe, Asia,
North America…
Articles by Norwegian researchers
in cooperation with researchers
from other countries
1200
EU except
Norden
1000
800
600
400
200
0
North
America
Other
countries
Norden
Eastern
Europe
1981 1985 1989 1993 1997 2001
International
cooperation
USA important
Builds on long
traditions
EU increasingly
important
High success rate
in FP 6
Bilateral
agreements
Europe, Asia,
North America…
Norwegian PhD-students
abroad
100
90
USA
80
70
Great
Britain
60
50
40
Sweden
30
20
10
0
Australia
France
Germany
Canada
1994- 1995- 1996- 1997- 1998- 1999- 2000- 2001- 200295
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
How ?
Build on existing strengths and priorities
Based on a common search for scientific
excellence
Multidisciplinary
Basic research also stimulates
applied R&D cooperation
and industrial innovation
Technological opportunities
Business relevance
Networks of cooperation
Focus areas of
R&D in Norway
Basic science
Information and
communication
technologies
Marin science
Medicine and health
Interface
environment/energy
Biotechnology,
Materials, Petroleum
New instruments
Centre of Excellence
Young Investigator
Awards (YIA)
RCN Large Programmes
 Functional genomic research
(FUGE)
 Nanotechnology and materials
(NANOMAT)
 Increased recovery and
efficient exploration
(PETROMAX)
 Clean energy technology of the
future (RENERGI)
 Value creation in the ICT sector
(VERDIKT)
 Aquaculture (HAVBRUK)
 Climate change and impacts in
Norway (NORKLIMA)
13 Norwegian Centres
of Excellence
Theoretical
linguistics
Quality of Service in
Communication Systems
Ships and ocean structures
Biology of memory
Molecular biology
and neuroscience
Mathematics for
applications
Climate Research
Study of civil wars
Centre and periphery in
medieval Europe
Physics of
geological processes
Integrated
petroleum research
Geohazards
Aquaculture protein
NORKLIMA – Climate change
and its impact in Norway
Budget approx. 100 mill. NOK 2004
Objectives and priorities
Provide the necessary new
knowledge related to
 The climate system, changes in the
climate in the past, present and future
 Direct and indirect effects of
climate change on nature and society
 The adaptation of policies
and measures
RENERGI – Clean energy systems for
the future
Budget approx. 160 mill. NOK 2004
Main objectives
To develop knowledge and solutions
as a basis for
 Environment-friendly efficient
management of the country’s
energy resources
 Security of supplies
 Internationally competitive energy sector
Clean energy system
for the future
Priority research areas
Renewable energy production
Natural gas and gas power with
CO2 management
Hydrogen
Energy systems
Energy markets
Energy consumption efficiency
Energy policy and international
agreements
Functional genomics in Norway
Budget of 180 mill. NOK 2004
Main objectives and priorities:
Stay abreast of international development
and become attractive
partners for international
cooperation
Basic science, medicine,
marine research
Industrial development
Ethics and society (ELSA)
FUGE: Technology platforms
Bio-banks
Bioinformatics
Micro arrays
Model organisms
Molecular imaging
Proteomics
SNP technology
Structural analysis
Fish genomes
Bovine genome
From 2004: Participation in the
International Bovine Genomic
Sequencing Programme
Other financial instruments
R&D programmes, scholarships, EU FP6
– different instruments
International bilateral cooperation
– Seed money
The new strategy for
scientific and
technological
cooperation with
North America –
to be launched autumn 2004
Norway takes the innovation
challenge seriously
The Norwegian
government
launched
an action plan
for innovation
autumn 2003
Norway – an energy nation –
platform for further innovation
solar cell panel
Uncertainty and complexity –
what next?
Research needs in agriculture and energy
related areas are becoming increasingly
complex
Provide innovative solutions: cooperation
between industry and universities/institutes
Exchanges between Minnesota and Norway
is a very good initiative
Common thinking is necessary to survey the
uncertainty and formulate relevant goals
We also need to explore several ways of
networking – include the best
Good luck with this conference
– and future cooperation!
Thank you!
Hydrogen research in Norway
International setting
 National competition
The national research strategy based on
The National Committee on Hydrogen
 Environmentally sound production of
Hydrogen from Natural Gas
 Pilot users
 Hydrogen storage
 New business
Hydrogen R&D 2004 –
financed by The Research Council
- Totally: 33,7 MNOK
Fuelcells;
1,7 MNOK
5%
Hydrogenrelated
projects within
the field of CO2sequestration;
14,1 MNOK
23 %
Production of
hydrogen; 7,8
MNOK
42 %
17 %
13 %
Hydrogen
System
Analysis;
4,4 MNOK
Hydrogen
storage;
5,7 MNOK
International Focus on Hydrogen
High focus internationally on Hydrogen research, development
and demonstration
The countries that set the tone are Japan, the USA and the EU
Several international initiatives:
EU: High Level Group/Technology Platform/IPHE, through IEA,
bilaterally etc.
Close cooperation between the governments, the industry and
academia
The reasoning for the initiatives is
 Environment: climate change, and to some extent local
pollution
 Security of energy supply
Ongoing projects (2004)
Production of hydrogen
Advanced catalyst/reactor systems for conversion of
hydrocarbons to hydrogen for fuel cells
SINTEF Applied
Chemistry
Biohydrogen. Photobiological Production of H2
NIVA
Decentralized Production of Hydrogen from Hydrocarbons
Hydro
Technology development for integrated SOFC, biomass
gassification and high temperature gas cleaning
NTNU:
Hydrogen Production by Steam Gasification of Biomass
NTNU
Electrocatalysts for PEM-water electrolysis
NTNU
Norwegian University of
Science and Technology
Ongoing projects (2004)
Participating partners - selection
Research institutions:
- NTNU: Norwegian University of Science and Technology
- IFE: Intitute for Energy Technology
- SINTEF: The Foundation for Scientific and
Industrial Research at the NTNU
- University of Oslo, Centre for Materials Science
and Nanotechnology
- CMR: Christian Michelsen Research
Ongoing projects (2004)
Participating partners - selection
Industry in the field of hydrogen:
- Hydro
- Statkraft
- Statoil
H
- Hexagon
1
- Shell Technology
- Prototech
- Aker / Kvaerner
He
Be
Be
B
Na Mg
Al
Si
P
S
Cl
Ar
Li
3
11
11
4
12
5
13
C
6
14
N
7
15
O
8
16
F
9
17
10
18
K
Ca
Sc
Ti
V
Cr
Mn
Fe
Co
Ni
Cu
Zn
Ga
Ge
As
Se
Br
Kr
Rb
Sr
Y
Zr
Nb
Mo
Tc
Ru
Rh
Pd
Ag
Cd
In
Sn
Sb
Te
I
Xe
Cs
Ba
La
Hf
Ta
W
Re
Os
Ir
Pt
Au
Hg
Ti
Pb
Bi
Po
At
Fr
Ra
Ac
Rf
Db
Sg
Bh
Hs
Mt
Ds
Ce
Pr
Nd
Pm
Sm
Eu
Gd
Tb
Dy
Ho
Er
Tm
Yb
Lu
Th
Pa
U
Np
Pu
Am Cm
Bk
Cf
Es
Fm
Md
No
Lr
19
37
55
87
20
38
55
88
21
39
57
89
22
40
72
104
58
90
23
41
73
105
59
91
24
42
74
106
60
92
25
43
75
107
61
93
26
44
76
108
62
94
27
45
77
109
63
95
28
46
78
29
47
79
30
48
80
31
49
81
32
50
82
33
51
83
34
52
84
35
53
85
110
64
96
65
97
66
98
67
99
68
100
69
101
70
102
71
103
2
Ne
36
54
Rn
86
Funding received from the ministries
(2004)
Administration
The Research Fund
606
Miscellaneous
ministries
Ministry of Education
and Research
204
1 291
Ministry of
Environment
Ministry of
Agriculture
Ministry of
Fisheries
130
Ministry
of Trade and
Industry
215
324
236
288
861
Total NOK 4 616 million
(administration incl.)
Ministry of
Petroleum
and energy