Transcript Significant CST Contributions

Bio-Energy Activities
Early 1980’s - accepted a challenge to look into the energy needs of agricultural sector
through the route of bioenergy conversion by mainly focusing on:
– Improved stoves for meeting the cooking energy needs
– Biogas through bio-methanation route for meeting cooking and any small power
needs
What–it means
to gasification
the Countryto provide electricity or mechanical power to various rural
Biomass
• Based
on a analysis, total agro production of 415 million tons which totals to about
needs.
440 million tons of bio-residues in India.
• Accounting for current usage pattern there is surplus of 130 million tons of agro
residues that can realize a power of potential of 17000 MW.
• Further there are waste lands for bio resource development to address both
transportation and stationary applications
• Distributed power generation is the concepts using
– Captive generation, Micro grids, Hybrid systems
Bio-Energy Activities Biomass combustion – Fixed stoves
• ASTRA ole – a three pan stove based on standard
engineering principles
– Increasing the area of heat transfer using, Multi pans,
dipping the pan entirely, fins
– A chimney to remove the flue and create the draft
• Applications
• DOMESTIC COOKING (ASTRA OLE); LARGE - SCALE
COOKING BATH WATER HEATING ; ARECA
PROCESSING,
JAGGERY
MAKING;AYURVEDIC
MEDICINE, SILK REELING,DYEING OF YARNS;
STEAM DISTILLATION ,STEAM CURING OF LIMESTABILISED MUD BLOCKS,DRYING; TOBACCO
CURING;CRAMATION
• These stoves were disseminated
programs – over 1.5 million!
through
subsidy
Bio-Energy Activities Biological Conversion
• The activity began with use of cow dung as the feed material to meet the energy
needs.
• Research at IISc has led to use other ligno-celluosic material as feed
– One reactor for wide biomass composition
– Low input energy, low biomass processing
– Wide VFA fluxes, slow methanogenesis,
– Feed stratification and floating,
– Create multiphase flow amidst changing form
– Ferment biomass even when afloat,
– Corrosion proof civil structure, gas-proofing
Major Achievements
•
Leafy biomass and crop wastes up to 1.5 t/d-Over 15 systems
•
Coffee waste water-75 operational units
•
Municipal Solid Waste- 8 units built in 3 towns
Bio-Energy Activities, Thermo-chemical Conversion
Scientific challenges addressed
– To ensure that tar and particulates are minimized, system elements are robust, multi-fuel capability
to avoid ash fusion and yet have good quality gas
– Producer gas engines for power generation
Typical applications
– Electricity generation , Village electrification, Captive power generation, Grid linked power
generation
– Thermal application, Low temperature (drying, etc., ), High temperature (furnaces, kilns, etc., )
At IISc (Open top down draft technology - distinctly different from other designs)
Technology package for agro residue as the fuel
– Power range 5 – 1000 kWe
– Both power and high quality thermal applications
– Over 500,000 hours of operational experience
– Gas cleaning system for turbo-charged engines
• High pressure gasification for micro-turbine
• About 6 MW electrical and 40 MW thermal
– Saving in excess of 25000 lts of oil per day
Climate Change and Forest Sector – Contributions to Science and Policy
Climate change is emerging as one of the most important scientific, technological
and policy challenges, globally and nationally. Pioneering work has been done
in the following areas of science and policy aspects of climate change and
forests at CST:
Greenhouse gas inventory methodology for forest and land use sectors:
Forest sector contributes to nearly 20% of the global CO2 emissions. Faculty of
CST has contributed to the development of IPCC methodology for GHG
Inventory for Land use, Land-use change and forest sector (IPCC, 2003) and
for GHG Inventory for Agriculture, Forest, Grassland and other land categories
(IPCC, 2006). The methods and guidelines developed are being used by all the
countries for estimation of GHG Inventory. CST has also estimated the GHG
Inventory for forest and land use sectors for India for submission to UN Climate
Convention.
Carbon sequestration potential of forest sector: CST has estimated the
mitigation potential of forest and land use sectors for India. The mitigation
potential estimates made by CST have been used in preparing the National
Climate Change Action Plan of Govt. of India. According to the estimates made,
the forest carbon sink in India will continue to increase till 2030. CST has also
contributed to the estimates of mitigation potential in the forest sector at the
global level, for the IPCC 2007 assessment.
Climate Change and Forest Sector – Contributions to Science and Policy
Impact of Climate change on forest sector: CST has made an assessment of
the likely impacts of climate change on forest ecosystems and biodiversity.
Studies have shown that 68-77% of the currently forested area is likely to
undergo change in vegetation type by 2085, adversely affecting the
biodiversity and forest ecological functions. The studies further showed that
the Net Primary Productivity of forest ecosystems is projected to increase by
70-100% due to CO2 fertilization, during the initial decades of the current
century. The findings of the CST studies are used in preparing the National
Greening Mission, under the National Climate Change Action Plan.