Transcript Brazil - Unfccc

Second National Communication of Brazil to
the United Nations Framework Convention
on Climate Change
COP-16 / CMP-6
Cancun, December 9th, 2010
UN Framework Convention on Climate Change
Commitment of all Parties to the
Convention
“Develop, periodically update, publish and
make available to the Conference of the
Parties national inventories of
anthropogenic emissions by sources and
removals by sinks of all greenhouse gases
not controlled by the Montreal Protocol,
using comparable methodologies”
Article 4.1(a)
UN Framework Convention on Climate Change
Annex 1 Countries
Industrialized countries
Annual Inventories
latest available
year: 2008
Non-Annex 1 Countries
Developing countries
Periodical inventories as part of their
National Communications to the Convention
1st Inventory in
2004, covering
1990-1994
2nd Inventory
in 2010, covering
1990-2005
Second National Communication
• Steps taken or envisaged in the country
– Measures related to climate change mitigation
– Measures to facilitate adequate adaptation to climate
change
• Other information considered relevant to the
achievement of the objective of the
Convention:
–
–
–
–
–
Transfer of technologies
Research and systematic observation
Education, training and public awareness
National and regional capacity building
Information and networking
Inventory Guidelines: Gases
Greenhouse Gases:
Carbon Dioxide
CO2
Methane
CH4
N2O
Nitrous Oxide
Hydrofluorocarbons
HFCs
Perfluorocarbons
PFCs
Sulphur Hexafluoride
Indirect Greenhouse Gases
CO
NOX
SF6
NMVOCs
Inventory Guidelines: Sectors
Industrial
Processes
Energy
Fuel combustion
Mineral products
CO2
CO2
CH4
N2O
Chemical industry
CO2
Fugitive emissions
in the coal and oil
industry
CO2
CH4
CH4
Metal production
CO2
PFCs
Production and use
of
HFCs
SF6
Inventory Guidelines: Sectors
Agriculture
Enteric fermentation
CH4
Land Use Change
and Forestry
Forest and grasland
conversion
CO2
CH4
N2O
Manure management
CH4
N2O
Rice cultivation
Abandonment of
managed lands
CO2
CH4
Burning of agricultural
residues
CH4
N2O
Agricultural soils
N2O
Change in soil carbon
CO2
Inventory Guidelines: Sectors
Waste
Solid waste disposal
CH4
Wastewater treatment
CH4
N 2O
Guidelines for Inventories: Principles
Comparability (common methods)
Consistency (time series)
Completeness (all gases and sectors)
Transparency
(methods and data)
Accuracy
Quality Control / Quality Assurance
The National Inventory: Organization
• Contribution from:
– 600 Institutions
– 1,200 Experts
• Sectoral Coordinating Entities
• General Coordination: CGMC/MCT
• Quality Control and Quality Assurance
Procedures
– Verification of adequacy of the methodology
– Transparent background reports
– Review by experts not involved in inventory
development
– Public consultation through MCT's website
(Apr-Sep 2010)
The National Inventory: Coordinating Institutions
Energy
E&E and MME
Agriculture
EMBRAPA
Land Use
FUNCATE / INPE
Waste
CETESB
Industrial
processes
ABIQUIM, ABAL
SNIC, IABr, etc.
ANEEL (SF6)
Biomes and Satellite Imaging Coverage
Land Use
429 images
Land Use Interpretation
• Interpretation for each year:
- 429 satellite images
- 198 images for the Amazon
- 118 images for the Cerrado
• Classes identified:
-
Forests (Primary, Planted, Secondary)
Grassland (pastures)
Agricultural areas
Wetlands (rivers, lakes and reservoirs)
Settlements
Other
Land Use Interpretation
Number of polygons identified
Total: 7,581,333 polygons
- Amazon: 4,309,538 polygons
- 3,959,837 polygons under 25 ha
- Cerrado: 1,119,600 polygons
- 776,801 polygons under 25 ha
- Other biomes: 2,152,695 polygons
- 1,712,695 polygons under 25 ha
Land Use Interpretation
For every polygon:
– Carbon stock in biomass
• Forest
– function of biome, vegetation profile and
location
• Agriculture
– function of culture (information provided by
IBGE) and management
– Soil Carbon
• Gain or loss depending on transition
2nd Brazilian Inventory of Anthropogenic Emissions by Sources and Removals
by Sinks of Greenhouse Gases not Controlled by the Montreal Protocol
2005
3.6%
1.9%
15.0%
LAND USE CHANGE AND FORESTRY
19.0%
60.6%
AGRICULTURE AND LIVESTOCKS
ENERGY
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
WASTE TREATMENT
2nd Brazilian Inventory of Anthropogenic Emissions by Sources and Removals
by Sinks of Greenhouse Gases not Controlled by the Montreal Protocol
Emissões e remoções antrópicas de gases de efeito estufa
(Resumo)
1990
1994
2000
2005
SETOR
Variação
1990/2005
(Gg CO2eq)
Part.
1990
Part.
2005
(%)
USO DA TERRA E FLORESTAS
812.672
882.681
1.328.335
1.329.053
61
58,5
60,6
AGROPECUÁRIA
303.772
329.386
347.878
415.754
73
21,9
19,0
ENERGIA
191.543
217.083
301.096
328.808
58
13,8
15,0
PROCESSOS INDUSTRIAIS
52.536
58.506
71.673
77.939
67
3,8
3,6
TRATAMENTO DE RESÍDUOS
28.600
32.146
38.739
41.048
70
2,1
1,9
1.389.123
1.519.802
2.087.722
2.192.601
63
100
100
TOTAL
2º of
Inventário
Brasileiro de Emissions
Emissões e Remoções
Profile
Brazilian
Antrópicas de Gases de Efeito Estufa – Dados Preliminares
(Nov 2009)
Emissions in CO2e using different metrics
• Brazil presents its emissions and removals in
mass units of each gas in a transparent manner
• The presentation of total net emissions in CO2e
depends on the choice of conversion metric
• The usual metric (GWP-100) does not correctly
represents the contribution to climate change of
the different gases as it overestimates the
contribution of long-lived gases, like methane
• Brazil included in its Second National
Communication the results using both the GWP100 and GTP-100 showing the difference between
the results
Net emissions in 2005
using different metrics for CO2
equivalence
Emissões
brasileirasgas
de gases
de efeito
Brazilian
greenhouse
emissions
in estufa
2005,
em 2005, em equivalentes de CO2
in CO2 equivalents
SF6
2.500.000
C2F6
CF4
Gg CO2 e
2.000.000
HFC-152a
HFC-143a
1.500.000
HFC-134a
HFC-125
1.000.000
N2O
CH4
500.000
CO2
0
GTP
GWP
Net emissions in CO2e with different metrics
Share by sector
CO2e Emissions in 2005
GTP
CO2e Emissions in 2005
GWP
2%
1%
15%
17%
Energy
4%
Indus tri a l Proces s es
4%
Energy
Indus tri a l Proces s es
Agri cul ture
10%
La nd Us e Cha nge a nd
Fores ts
Wa s te
68%
Agri cul ture
19%
La nd Us e Cha nge a nd
Fores ts
Wa s te
60%
Net emissions in CO2e using different metrics
Share by gas
CO2e Emissions in 2005
GWP
CO2e Emissions in 2005
GTP
8%
0%
0%
8%
5%
CO2
CH4
CO2
CH4
N2O
87%
17%
N2O
Outros
Outros
75%
GHG emissions - evolution
Net Emissions
Net emissions,
in CO2in
e CO2eq
3
2.5
2.192 Gt CO2 eq
2
Land Use and Forestry
1..5
Agriculture and Livestock
Gt Gt
Industrial Processes
1
Waste Treatment
Energy
0..5
0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Not part of the 2nd National Communication
Projection for GHG emissions in 2009
Lowest rate
since inception
of PRODES
Not part of the 2nd National Communication
Net emissions, in CO2e – projection for 2006-2009
Decrease
0.9 Gt (33.6%)
Not part of the 2nd National Communication
3
Compromisso do Brasil na COP 15
BAU Scenario
2,5
Voluntary
commitment of
Brasilreduction of
~ 1 Gt CO2eq
(~ 37 %)
2
Gt
2,7 Gt
1,5
1
0,5
0
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
www.mct.gov.br/clima
Other languages
Thank you!
Muito obrigado!
¡Muchas gracias!