Transcript Experimental Studies of Supersonic Flows in Soap Films

RENEWABLE ENERGY
Chih-Yung Wen
Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National
Cheng-Kung University, Taiwan
Office: #5832
Email:[email protected]
RENEWABLE ENERGY
TA: Chieh-Ming Chen
Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National
Cheng-Kung University, Taiwan
Office: #5908
Email: [email protected]
Outline

Introduction of energetics and Fuel cell
(8 hrs, Prof. Chih-Yung Wen)

Power Management and PV Cell power system
(8 hrs, Prof. Chin-E Lin)

Solar Thermal Energy
(6 hrs, Prof. Keh-Chin Chang)

Wind energy
(8 hrs, Prof. J.J Miau)
RENEWABLE ENERGY
Grading
1. Quiz
2. Attendance
3. Final exam
40%
30%
30%
Outline
Study the problem of energy (thermodynamics of
open systems) and develop industrial applications
in direct relation with the phenomena of thermal
transfers and engineering sciences: in particular,
thermo-solar energy conversion, photovoltaic
conversion, nuclear energy, wind energy…etc.
Outline
Class note
Website:http://www.iaa.ncku.edu.tw/~cywen/co
urse/energy%20tec/energtec.htm
International Energy Profile
Humanity’s Top Ten Problems
for Next 50 Years
ENERGY
WATER
FOOD
ENVIRONMENT
POVERTY
TERRORISM & WAR
DISEASE
EDUCATION
DEMOCRACY
POPULATION
Energy (Hinrichs & Kleinbach) 2005
2003 6.3 Billion People → 2050 9-10 Billion (White paper, Energy Technology R &D)
International Energy Profile

Energy classifications: Traditional energy,
Renewable energy, Hydrogen energy and
Waste energy

Traditional Energy: Fossil fuel energy (Coal,
Petroleum, Natural gas) and Nuclear energy
Energy classifications
National Taipei University of Technology, Oct. 27, 2007
Renewable Energies


Renewable energy is energy which comes
from natural resources such as sunlight, wind,
rain, tides, and geothermal heat, which are
renewable (naturally replenished).
About 16% of global final energy
consumption comes from renewables, with
10% coming from traditional biomass, which
is mainly used for heating, and 3.4% from
hydroelectricity.
National Taipei University of Technology, Oct. 27, 2007
Renewable Energies

New renewables (small hydro, modern
biomass, wind, solar, geothermal, and
biofuels) accounted for another 3% and are
growing very rapidly. The share of
renewables in electricity generation is around
19%, with 16% of global electricity coming
from hydroelectricity and 3% from new
renewables.
National Taipei University of Technology, Oct. 27, 2007
Renewable Energies

Wind power is growing at
the rate of 30% annually,
with a worldwide installed
capacity of 238,000
megawatts (MW) at the end
of 2011, and is widely used
in Europe, Asia, and the
United States.
National Taipei University of Technology, Oct. 27, 2007
Renewable Energies

At the end of 2011, the
photovoltaic (PV)
capacity worldwide was
67,000 MW, and PV
power stations are
popular in Germany
and Italy.
National Taipei University of Technology, Oct. 27, 2007
Renewable Energies

Solar thermal power stations operate in the
USA and Spain, and the largest of these is
the 354 megawatt (MW) SEGS power plant
in the Mojave Desert.
National Taipei University of Technology, Oct. 27, 2007
Renewable Energies


The world's largest geothermal power
installation is the Geysers in California, with a
rated capacity of 750 MW.
Brazil has one of the largest renewable
energy programs in the world, involving
production of ethanol fuel from sugarcane,
and ethanol now provides 18% of the
country's automotive fuel. Ethanol fuel is also
widely available in the USA. eg. E5 gasoline
National Taipei University of Technology, Oct. 27, 2007
Renewable Energies






Solar Energy (Concentrating Solar Power)
→ Solar thermal energy
→ Photovoltaic
Wind Energy
Hydroelectric Power
Geothermal Energy
Biomass Energy
Ocean thermal Energy
National Taipei University of Technology, Oct. 27, 2007
International Energy Profile





The 1st Oil Crisis—1973~1974
Oct., 1973. Outbreak of the 4th mid-east war, ten OPEC
member countries led by Syria started the war against
Israel and her supporter
Oil price surged from US$ 3.011/ barrel to US$
10.651/barrel
The worst global economic crisis after World War II
U.S. industrial production ↓ 14%，Japan ↓ 20%
International Energy Profile



The 2nd Oil Crisis—1979~1980
The Iranian Revolution, also known as the Islamic
Revolution, began in January 1978 with the first major
demonstrations against the Shah (King Mohammad
Reza Pahlavi ). After strikes and demonstrations
paralyzed the country and its economy, the Shah fled
the country in January 1979.
Iran officially became an Islamic Republic on 1 April
1979.
International Energy Profile



580 Million barrels ↓ 100 Million barrels
Oil price surged from US$ 13/ barrel to US$
34/barrel
Global economic recession in 70s.
International Energy Profile
The 3rd Oil Crisis？
International Energy Profile

Supply vs. Demand

BRIC: Brazil, Russia, India, China
International Energy Profile


Internet (Facebook) revolution
Egypt, Libya (next?)
Oil price surged from US$ 80/ barrel to US$
125/barrel
台灣能源概況
International Energy Profile
Energy
Oil
Prediction
Total
11.477
Hundred Million
Reserves
barrels
(End of 2003)
Production
280
(End of 2003) Hundred Million
Available
years
Natural Gas
Coal
Uranium
175x1012
3100
M3
9,844.5
Hundred Million
tons
2.6 x1012
51.3
K tons
barrels
Hundred Million
tons
－
M3
41
67
192
53
Introduction
Coal
Oil
Natural Gas
Nuclear
Hydro
Bio-mass
Bio-mass (Noncommercial
Solar
Others
Total
Introduction
China 2002
Energy &
Environment
Energy and Environment
Global Warming

Kyoto protocol, Dec. 1-10, 1997

The Parties (39 countries) shall, individually or jointly, ensure
that their aggregate anthropogenic carbon dioxide equivalent
emissions of the greenhouse gases (Carbon dioxide CO2 (55%),
Methane CH4, Nitrous oxide N2O, Hydrofluorocarbons HFCs,
Perfluorocarbons PFCs, Sulphur hexafluoride SF6) do not exceed
their assigned amounts, calculated pursuant to their quantified
emission limitation and reduction commitments, with a view to
reducing their overall emissions of such gases by at least 5 %
below 1990 levels in the commitment period 2008 to 2012.
Energy and Environment
CO2 reduction

EU and East Europe countries ↓ 8 %, US ↓ 7 %,
Japan, Canada, Hungary, and Poland ↓ 6 %,
Australia ↑ 8 %, Iceland ↑ 10 %, Norway ↑ 1 %.

Establish “Clean Development Mechanism”

Establish “Emission Trading Scheme”
Energy and Environment
Kyoto protocol
Implement and/or further elaborate policies and measures in
accordance with its national circumstances, such as:
(i) Enhancement of energy efficiency in relevant sectors of
the national economy;
(ii) Protection and enhancement of sinks and reservoirs of greenhouse
gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol, taking into account
its commitments under relevant international environmental
agreements; promotion of sustainable forest management practices,
afforestation and reforestation;
Energy and Environment
Kyoto protocol
Implement and/or further elaborate policies and measures in
accordance with its national circumstances, such as:
(iii) Promotion of sustainable forms of agriculture in light of climate
change considerations;
(iv) Research on, and promotion, development and increased use of,
new and renewable forms of energy, of carbon dioxide sequestration
technologies and of advanced and innovative environmentally sound
technologies;
Energy and Environment
Kyoto protocol
Implement and/or further elaborate policies and measures in
accordance with its national circumstances, such as:
(v) Progressive reduction or phasing out of market imperfections, fiscal
incentives, tax and duty exemptions and subsidies in all greenhouse
gas emitting sectors that run counter to the objective of convention
and application of market instruments;
(vi) Encouragement of appropriate reforms in relevant sectors aimed at
promoting policies and measures which limit or reduce emissions of
greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol;
Energy and Environment
Kyoto protocol
Implement and/or further elaborate policies and measures in
accordance with its national circumstances, such as:
(vii) Measures to limit and/or reduce emissions of greenhouse gases not
controlled by the Montreal Protocol in the transport sector;
(viii) Limitation and/or reduction of methane emissions through recovery
and use in waste management, as well as in the production,
transport and distribution of energy;
Energy and Environment
Kyoto protocol
Implement and/or further elaborate policies and measures in
accordance with its national circumstances, such as:
(iii) Promotion of sustainable forms of agriculture in light of climate
change considerations;
(iv) Research on, and promotion, development and increased use of,
new and renewable forms of energy, of carbon dioxide sequestration
technologies and of advanced and innovative environmentally sound
technologies;
Energy and Environment
Copenhagen Climate Submit, December 7 to 18, 2009
to create international awareness to prevent climate change
and global warming, and to create a new climate treaty to
replace the Kyoto Protocol that runs out in 2012


Still no conclusive action!!
National Taipei University of Technology, Oct. 27, 2007
Zero Carbon Emission
National Taipei University of Technology, Oct. 27, 2007
Fuel Cell—H2 Energy
National Taipei University of Technology, Oct. 27, 2007
Fuel Cell—H2 Energy
National Taipei University of Technology, Oct. 27, 2007
Fossil Fuel Energy

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


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Boosting Power Plant Efficient
Low Emission Boiler Systems—LEBS
Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion—PFBC
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle—IGCC
Indirectly Fired Cycle—IFC
Advanced Turbine Systems—ATS
National Taipei University of Technology, Oct. 27, 2007
台灣能源概況
Cost analysis (Electricity Generation)
Renewable
Energy
Traditional
Energy
Energy
Environmental Cost
Elec. Gen. Cost
Total Cost
Electricity Generation Emission
Green House Gas Emission
Renewable
Energy
Energy
Solar thermal
Photovotalic
Wind
Hydro
Traditiona
l Energy
Bio-mass
Coal
Oil
Gas turbine combined cycle
Diesel
Nation
Japan
EU
Holland
Denmark
Austria
Sweden
Germany
France
Spain
Italy
U.K.
U.S.A.
Canada
India
Mexico
Brazil
China
Near-term % (year)
future % (year)
Elec. Gen. % (year)
Energy Saving Technologies
Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning
(HVAC)
LED(Light-Emitting-Diode, 20-30
lighting energy efficiency c.f. Traditional
light bulb, 5% lighting energy efficiency)
Green Building (Building Integrated
Photo Voltaic)
Energy Saving Technologies
LED street lamps
LED signal signs
Energy Saving Technologies
Green Building (Building Integrated Photo
Voltaic) Electrochromic Device Application
Energy Saving Technologies
• Solar Cell
Tracking
• Electrochromic
Device
Green Magic School—Noah’s Ark
Energy Saving Technologies
Green Magic School—Noah’s Ark
Smart Grids
National Taipei University of Technology, Oct. 27, 2007
Conclusion


There is only one earth!
Sustainable Development!
National Taipei University of Technology, Oct. 27, 2007
Thanks for your attention