Transcript Experiences and lessons learned from the TNA of Peru

Department of Climate Change, Desertification and
Hydrological Resources
Ministry of the Environment
Perú
Regions
land area: 1,285,215 km²
Peru – one of the countries most affected
by climate change
• Adaptation made difficult because of many
variables (topography, climate, biodiversity,
ecosystems).
• Peru’s economy is hyper-susceptible to its use
of natural resources.
• It is further aggravated because Peru is a
developing country
• Most of the population live on the coast – arid.
97.7% of Peru’s water derives from the Amazon
basin, where 30% of the population live
0.5% is located around
Lake Titicaca where 5%
of the population live
1.8% is located on the
Pacific coast, where
65% of the population
live
Strategic choice of priority sectors adaptation & mitigation
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IN PROGRESS
•Review national
information
•Characterize
subsectors
•Define criteria
• Prioritizing
Step 1:Organisation
Directive Committee
(parallel process)
CONCYTEC
General
coordination
NCCC – Technical
Group of Science &
Technology and
other experts national and subnational level
Technical &
Administrative
Assistance
Consultancy
Team TNA
Perú
Sub-national Level
•Coast
•Andes Mountains
•Amazon Basin
Step 2: National Priorities
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Millennium Development Goals 1 y 7- 2001
UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol - 1997
National strategy of CC (D.S. Nº 086-2003-PCM)
First TNA Peru (2003) –Mitigation
National System Law of Environmental Management(Law Nº 28245) - 2004
General law of Environment (Law Nº 28611) - 2005
Social, economic and environmental development plan (2011-2021)-CEPLAN
National environmental policy (D.S Nº012-2009-MINAM) – 2005
Ministry of the Environment- 2008
Action plan of adaptation and mitigation against CC (RM N° 238-2010-MINAM)
National action plan of environment – PLANAA (R.M Nº244-2010-MINAM)
National water resources policy on climate change
Agenda of Investigation into climate change - 2009
National strategy on Desertification (under review) -2011
National strategy on climate change 2011-2021 (under review) -2011
MITIGATION
Step 3: Global Scheme
USCUSF- Forests
Subsector 1
Technologies
Multi-criteria analysis
Subsector 2
Waste – solid waste
2 technologies
Agriculture – enteric fermentation & agricultural land
Energy - transport
ADAPTATION
Water
Agriculture
Subsector 1
Subsector 2
Technologies
Multi-criteria analysis
Subsector 3
Biodiversity
Subsector 4
Fisheries
Etc.
6 technologies
Selected Sectors: Why?
Mitigation - GHG
Adaptation - Vulnerability
Forest - Conservation
Hydrological resources
The highest in GHG emissions Alterations to the hydrological balance (2000) 110 368 Gg CO2 eq
increase or decrease of precipitation
52.3% territory is primary
forest
Prevents the loss of
biodiversity, controls soil
erosion and regulates the
water cycle
Very sensitive to change in climate.
Used by both the general population and
production sectors.
High pressure by agriculture (80%),
domestic, industrial (18%) and mining
(2%).
Forest conservation reduces
High demand for hydrological resources
vulnerability to climate change
is greatest in areas where supply is low.
Hydrological resources: general
considerations
“International Conference on Traditional Knowledge
and Living Heritage”
11-12 July 2009, Florence
Major emphasis in technology needs for adaptation
Focus on river systems
Traditional knowledge
Hydrological resources: Sub-sectors
• Supply of hydrological resources
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Quantity (glaciers)
Quality
• Uses -demand
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Agriculture and animal husbandry
Energy production
Domestic use
• Hydro-meteorological extremes
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General measures
Early warning systems
Reinforcement of river banks
Flood prevention
The analysis is carried out
taking into account supply
and demand as a factor of
climate change.
Possible consequences
include:
-Droughts
-Flooding
-Decrease in water reserves
-Decrease in soil fertility
Hydrological resources: Sub-sectors
Supply
Quality (1)
Quantity (2)
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Construct reservoirs and channels
Protect and restore wetlands
Effluent reduction
Promote ‘green’ fertilizers
Receding glaciers
Increase in reservoir capacity
Water treatment
Channelling from one river system to another.
Channelling of glacial water
Efficient use of water
Better use of grey water.
Collect rain and glacial water
Replenishment of aquifers (water table)
Improve soil conservation (flooding)
Flood control
Better use of flood waters i.e. Irrigation and human consumption
Use melt water
Hydrological resources: Sub-sectors
Domestic and urban 
(3)
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Hydro-energy (4)
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Agriculture (5)
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Hydro-meteorological
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extremes (6)
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Risk associated to water
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Demand
- uses
Reduce wastage
Sanitation not based on water
Implementation of strict water standards
Increase turbine efficiency
Use of grey water
Use drought-resistant crops
Improvement in drainage systems –stops soil erosion
Maintain mountain wetlands -”bofedales “
Change cultivation practices
Increase efficiency of irrigation
Increase the price for irrigation water
Early warning systems
Optimize readiness in case of extreme events
Reinforcement of river banks
Flood prevention
Forest: Sub-sectors
Forest
Enhancing conservation
and management of
carbon stocks
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Afforestation -projects
Silviculture improvement
Reducing pressure
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Agro-forestry management
Improvement of productivity of some crops (cacao,
coffee, etc.) and seed management
Improvement of efficiency in agricultural
productivity and animal husbandry
Improvement of efficiency in the forestry industry.
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Threats to natural forest
Geographic Information Systems -GIS
Methodologies for quantifying carbon stocks
Deforestation -monitoring changes in land use
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Monitoring, reporting
and verification (MRV)
for REDD+
Criteria for prioritization of adaptation sub-sectors
Environmental
Economic
Socio-cultural
Criteria
Score Weight
Criteria
Score Weight
Criteria
Score Weight
Contribution to
9
20% Contribution to GDP
10
20% Major contribution to 9
30%
sector vulnerability
social equity
Level of conflict
6
20% Growth potential &
6
20% Contribution to food
6
25%
generated by the use
future market
safety & hygiene
of water
perspectives
Adaptation capacity
7
40% Contribution to
7
35% Major contribution to 7
25%
level regarding
growth level in
local, regional &
climate change
relation to reduction
national identity
in poverty (capacity
to generate
employment)
Level of problems
8
20% General reduction in
8
25% Major sensitivity &
8
20%
shared with climate
level due to major
work organised in
change repercussions
economic
adaptation to climate
relating to water
vulnerability
change
resources, energy,
infrastructure &
health
Environmental
Criteria Score
7.4
60%
4.44
Economic Criteria
Score
FINAL SCORE
7.65
20%
1.53
7.48
Socio-Cultural
Criteria Score
7.55
20%
1.51
Criteria for prioritization of mitigation sub-sectors
Environmental
Economic
Socio-cultural
Criteria
Score Weight
Criteria
Score Weight
Criteria
Score Weight
Contribution to GHG
9
20% Contribution to fossil 10
20% Major contribution to 9
25%
emissions
energy replacement
social equity
Contribution to
6
20% Growth potential &
6
30% Contribution to food
6
25%
reduce GHG
future market
safety & hygiene
emissions
perspectives
Contribution to soil
7
40% Contribution to
7
25% Major contribution to 7
30%
degradation
growth level in
local, regional &
relation to reduction
national identity
in poverty (capacity
to generate
employment)
Indirect contribution
8
20% Collateral positive
8
25% Major sensitivity &
8
20%
to reduce GHG
impacts on the
work organised in
emissions
economy
adaptation to climate
change
Environmental
Criteria Score
7.4
60%
4.44
Economic Criteria
Score
FINAL SCORE
7.55
20%
1.51
7.44
Socio-Cultural
Criteria Score
7.45
20%
1.49
LESSONS LEARNED AND GOOD
PRACTICES
HUMAN RESOURCES AND CAPACITIES
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Multi-disciplinary Team
– Specialists in environment, economics, technology, sociology, politics
– participated in the process of NCCC, social, economic and
environmental development project, investigation, etc.
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Experienced in field work on a national basis
Identify and cover the minimum-required capacities for project
coordination
Efficient project coordination
– Permanent support
– Strengthen capacities
LESSONS LEARNED AND GOOD
PRACTICES
INPUT, MATERIAL AND TOOLS
1.
Insufficient data
– Invest in gathering “up to date” information.
– Get sufficient personnel/staff, infrastructure, methods. And
systematise it for ease of use.
2.
Maximise support resources
– Assessment of UNEP Regional Centre
– Learn from other countries’ experiences or projects in ejecution
3.
Tools
– Mitigation & adaptation initiatives, CNCC2, UNEP CONCYTEC Database
and other information (policies, laws, etc.)
LESSONS LEARNED AND GOOD
PRACTICES
PROCESSES
1.
Workplan
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Detailed tasks and responsibilities (organisation); identify actors and roles; focus on
method (level-participation)
2. Establish a communication procedure (MINAM, CONCYTEC, Consultants, UNEP and
participant actors). ‘Be in touch’
3.
Follow-up to the consultants’ activities
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Concise instructions must be given
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Avoid single-mindedness (focus on strategic priorities-NCCC2, ODM, Inv Agenda,
etc.)
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Review the results
4. Define the aims and terms of the project and communicate them to all actors
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Define the meaning “sector” within the project context.
5. “Construct” over pre existing experience and data, and local interest.
6. Consider the complexity of a biodiversity country in selecting a number of sectors
THANK YOU VERY MUCH
Claudia Figallo
[email protected]