Transcript Open - The Scottish Government

Key Scottish Environment
Statistics 2010
This is a PowerPoint version of KSES 2010.
Each slide is a chart from the 2010
publication, with the accompanying text
included in the slide notes.
Background
Population and Households: 1991-2033
Population/Households (thousands)
6,000
5,000
Population
4,000
projections
estimates
3,000
2,000
Households
1,000
0
1991
1994
1997
2000
2003
Source: General Register
Office for Scotland
2006
2009
2012
2015
2018
2021
2024
2027
2030
2033
Background
Gross Domestic Product (GDP): 1978-2009
Scottish GDP at basic prices (2004=100)
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
1979
1984
Source: Scottish Government
1989
1994
1999
2004
2009
Background
Electricity generation by source: 2000-2008
Electricity generated (GigaWatt hours)
20,000
Nuclear
18,000
Coal
16,000
14,000
12,000
Gas and Oil
10,000
8,000
Renewables
6,000
4,000
Hydroelectric
(pumped storage)
2,000
0
2000
2001
2002
Source: Department for Energy
and Climate Change
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Background
Motor traffic on all roads: 1993-2009
Million vehicle kilometres
50,000
Heavy goods vehicles
Light goods vehicles
Two-wheel vehicles + buses
Cars
45,000
40,000
35,000
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
1993
1995
Source: Department for
Transport
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
Public Attitudes
Perceived significant environmental problems:
2008
What is the most significant environmental problem? Other environmental problems?
(percentage of respondents)
Climate change / global warming / greenhouse
effect / melting ice
Household waste / disposal
CO2 emissions
Changes in weather / freak weather
Consumption / wasting natural resources
Pollution from road traffic / congestion
Pollution from factories / industry
Heavy traffic
Carbon footprint / carbon offsetting
% most significant problem
% other problems
Recycling
0
Source: Scottish Government
5
10
15
20
25
30
Public Attitudes
Agreement or Disagreement with Statements about
Climate Change and the Environment: 2008
To what extent do you agree/disagree with each statement? (percentage of respondents)
Agree
Tackling climate change shouldn't come at the
expense of the Scottish economy
Neutral/Don't know
45
The environment is a low priority for me compared with
a lot of other things in my life
37
I don't believe my behaviour and everyday lifestyle
contribute to climate change
35
The so-called environmental crisis facing humanity has
been greatly exaggerated
23
32
17
46
16
25
48
19
55
It’s not worth Scotland trying to combat climate change
because other countries will just cancel out what we do
22
It's not worth doing things to help the environment if
others don't do the same
22
10
68
The effects of climate change are too far into the future
to really worry me
22
11
66
Climate change will only have an impact on other
countries, there is no need for me to worry
Source: Scottish Government
6
9
Disagree
13
65
85
Public Attitudes
Perceived Immediacy of Climate Change: 2008
Which of these views, if any, comes closest to your own view about climate
change?
None of these Don't know
4%
4%
I'm still not convinced
climate change is
happening
9%
Climate change is not
really a problem
4%
Climate change is
more a problem for
the future
22%
Source: Scottish Government
Climate change is an
immediate and urgent
problem
57%
Public Attitudes
Frequency of Use of Local Greenspace
Frequency of use by time to walk to local greenspace (percentage of
respondents)
60
Every day/Several times a w eek
Never visit local greenspace
50
40
30
20
10
0
Less than a 5 minute w alk
Source: Source: Scottish Social
Attitudes Survey 2009:
Sustainable Places and
Greenspace
Within a 5-10 minute w alk
More than a 10 minute w alk
Global Atmosphere
Annual Mean Temperature: 1910-2009
Annual mean temperature – difference from 1961-1990 average (degrees Celcius)
1.5
Annual mean difference from baseline
Baseline (1961-1990 average)
1.0
0.5
`
0.0
-0.5
-1.0
1910
1920
Source: Met Office
1930
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Global Atmosphere
Annual precipitation: 1910-2009
Annual precipitation as a percentage of 1961-1990 average
140
130
Annual mean as percentage of baseline
Baseline (1961-1990 average)
120
110
100
90
80
70
1910
1920
Source: Met Office
1930
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Global Atmosphere
Net Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Source:
1990 - 2008
Greenhouse gas emissions taking account of emissions and removals (Mt CO2e)
80
Million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent
Waste management
70
Public
60
Residential
50
Industrial process
40
Business
30
International aviation
and shipping (IA&S)
20
Transport
(excluding IA&S)
Energy supply
10
Agriculture
0
1990
1995
-10
Source: National Atmospheric
Emissions Inventory
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Land use, land use
change and forestry
(LULUCF)
Global Atmosphere
Greenhouse Gas Emissions adjusted to take account of trading in
the EU Emissions Trading System: 1990-2008
Greenhouse gas emissions taking account of emissions and removals (Mt CO2e)
Million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent
80
70
60
50
2020 target
40
30
20
2050 target
10
0
1990
Base Year
1995
Source: National Atmospheric
Emissions Inventory
2000
2005
2010
2015
Global Atmosphere
Column ozone measurements: 1981-2009
Column ozone concentrations over Lerwick (Dobson units)
400
375
350
325
300
275
1981
1983
1985
1987
Source: AEA Energy and
Environment
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
Air Quality
Particulate (PM10) concentrations:
1993-2009
Annual mean concentration (µg/m3)
45
40
2004 AQS
objective
35
30
25
20
15
2010 AQS objective
Aberdeen
10
Edinburgh Centre
Edinburgh St. Leonards
5
Glasgow Centre
0
1993
1995
1997
Source: Scottish Air Quality
Database
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
Air Quality
Nitrogen dioxide concentrations:
1992-2009
Annual mean concentrations (µg/m3)
60
50
40
2005 AQS objective
30
Edinburgh Centre
20
Edinburgh St. Leonards
Glasgow Centre
10
0
1992
Glasgow City Chambers
1994
1996
Source: Scottish Air Quality
Database
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
Air Quality
Ground level ozone concentrations:
1990-2009
Number of days exceeding 100µg/m3 (maximum 8hr running mean)
70
60
AQS Objective
Strath Vaich
50
Eskdalemuir
Bush Estate
40
30
20
10
0
1990
1992
1994
Source: Scottish Air Quality
Database
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
Air Quality
Emissions of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides from
large combustion plants: 1996-2009
Annual LCP emissions (thousand tonnes)
120
100
SO 2
NOx
80
60
40
20
0
1996
1998
Source: Scottish Environment
Protection Agency
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
Air Quality
Sensitive habitats affected by air pollution:
1995-1997 to 2006-2008
Percentage of sensitive habitat area affected by acid and nutrient nitrogen (N) deposition
80
70
Acidity
Nutrient nitrogen
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1995-97 1996-98 1997-99 1998-00 1999-01 2000-02 2001-03 2002-04 2003-05 2004-06 2006-08
Source: Centre for Ecology and
Hydrology
Water
Public Water Supplies - Water abstracted and
supplied : 2002/03-2009/10
Million litres per day (Ml/d)
Treatment
Process Losses &
Raw Water Mains
Losses
Domestic
Consumption
3,000
2,500
Non Domestic
Consumption
2,000
Operational Use
1,500
Total Leakage
1,000
Raw Water
Abstracted
500
Treated Water
Produced
0
2002/03
2003/04
Source: Scottish Water
2004/05
2005/06
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
2009/10
Water
Drinking water quality: 1991-2009
Percentage of samples at consumer’s taps failing test
7
6
Total coliforms
Faecal coliforms
5
4
3
2
1
0
1991
1993
1995
Source: Drinking Water
Quality Regulator for Scotland
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
Water
Nitrate concentrations in rivers:
1993-2009
Distribution of mean nitrate concentrations, percentage of sites within each band
100
90
80
70
≥ 7.5 mg N/l
60
50
2.5 to < 7.5
mg N/l
40
0.75 to < 2.5
mg N/l
30
0.3 to < 0.75
mg N/l
< 0.3 mg N/l
20
10
0
1993
1995
1997
1999
Source: Scottish Environment
Protection Agency
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
Water
Orthophosphate concentrations in rivers:
1993-2009
Distribution of mean orthophosphate concentrations, percentage of sites within each band
100
90
80
70
60
≥ 250 μg P/l
50
125 to < 250 μg
P/l
50 to < 125 μg
P/l
25 to < 50 μg P/l
40
30
< 25 μg P/l
20
10
0
1993
1995
1997
Source: Scottish Environment
Protection Agency
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
Compliance with EC bathing water
directive (76/160/EEC): 1988-2009
Percentage compliance of coastal bathing water
100
90
80
Mandatory standard
70
60
50
40
Guideline standard
30
20
10
0
1988
1990
1992
1994
Source: Scottish Environment
Protection Agency
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
Marine
Selected Commercial Fish Stocks: 1960s – 2010
300
1000
Cod
SSB (thousand tonnes)
250
Marine
Haddock
SSB (thousand tonnes)
800
200
600
150
400
100
200
50
0
0
1960
2500
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
600
Herring
SSB (thousand tonnes)
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Saithe
SSB (thousand tonnes)
500
2000
400
1500
300
1000
200
500
100
0
1960
0
1970
1980
Source: Marine Scotland
Science, ICES
1990
2000
2010
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Radioactivity
Exposure of the population to all sources
of radiation: 2003
Average annual dose in Scotland, 2,400 microsieverts
Medical
17%
Other
1%
Radon
43%
Internal
10%
Cosmic
14%
Gamma
16%
Source: HPA – Radiation
Protection Division
Radioactivity
Activity concentrations in milk:
1966-2009
Activity concentrations
12
10
Caesium-137 (Bq/litre)
8
Strontium 90 (Bq/g of calcium)
6
4
2
0
1966
1970
1974
Source: HPA – Radiation
Protection Division
1978
1982
1986
1990
1994
1998
2002
2006
Waste
Waste sent to landfill: 2000-2008
Million tonnes
12
Total waste sent to landfill
10
Biodegradable Municipal Waste (BMW) sent to landfill (financial years)
8
6
4
2
0
2000
2001
2002
Source: Scottish Environment
Protection Agency
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW):
2000/2001-2008/2009
Million tonnes
4.0
Total MSW, less recycled / composted
Recycled / composted
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
2000/01
2001/02
2002/03
2003/04
Source: Scottish Environment
Protection Agency
2004/05
2005/06
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
Waste
Waste
Waste Recycling Behaviour: 2000-2009
Percentage of households surveyed 2007-2008, who reported recycling certain waste
items in the past month
This map is reproduced from Ordnance
Survey material with the permission of
Ordnance Survey on behalf of the
Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery
Office © Crown copyright 2009.
Scottish Government Licence number:
100020540 2009.
Source: Scottish Government
(data), Ordnance Survey (map)
Land
Broad Habitat Change: 1990-2007
Changes in the extents of the most widespread Broad Habitats (thousand hectares)
2,500
Bog
Acid grassland*
2,000
Dwarf shrub heath
Coniferous woodland*
1,500
Improved grassland*
1,000
Arable and
horticultural*
Neutral grassland
Fen, marsh, swamp
Broadleaved, mixed
and yew woodland*
Built-up areas and
gardens
Bracken
500
0
1990
Source: Countryside Survey
2007
1998
2007
Derelict and Urban Vacant Land:
2002-2009
Land
Area of Derelict and Urban Vacant Land (hectares)
9,000
Derelict Land
Urban Vacant Land
8,000
7,000
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
2002
2003
Source: Scottish Government
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Land
Designated Areas: 1991-2010
Area (thousand hectares)
1,200
SSSI
1,000
SAC
800
600
SPA
400
Ramsar
200
0
1991
1993
1995
1997
Source: Scottish Natural Heritage
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
Land
Scheduled Monuments in Scotland: 1991-2010
Number and area of sites designated as Scheduled Monuments
20,000
18,000
16,000
Area (hectares)
14,000
Number of sites
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
1991
1993
1995
Source: Historic Scotland
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
Land
Agricultural Land Use: 1982-2009
Area (thousand hectares)
7,000
Rough grazing
Grass
Crops, fallow and set-aside
Woodland & other land
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
1982
1984
1986
1988
Source: Scottish Government
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
Land
Nutrients Applied on Crops and Grass:
1986-2009
Total nutrients applied (kg/ha) on crops and grass
140
Nitrogen
120
100
80
60
Potash
40
Phosphate
20
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
Source: Scottish Government
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
Land
Area of Woodland: 1924-2010
Area (thousand hectares)
1,600
1,400
1,200
1,000
800
600
400
200
0
1924
1930
1936
1942
1948
Source: Forestry Commission
1954
1960
1966
1972
1978
1984
1990
1996
2002
2008
Biodiversity
Changes in Plant Species Richness:
1990 - 2007
Mean number of vascular plant species per 1km square
30
Fen, marsh and swamp*
Broadleaved, mixed and yew
woodland*
25
Neutral grassland*
20
Acid grassland*
Bracken
15
Dwarf shrub heath
Bog*
10
Coniferous woodland*
5
Improved grassland*
Arable and horticultural
0
1990
1998
Source: Countryside Survey
2007
2007
Biodiversity
Status of UK BAP Habitats in Scotland:
2008
Status of UK BAP Habitats
Increasing 13%
Unknown 21%R
Fluctuating (probably
increasing) 3%
No clear trend 3%
Increasing
Fluctuating - probably increasing
Stable
Declining (continuing/
accelerating) 3%
Stable
Fluctuating - probably stable
R
21%Fluctuating
- probably declining
Declining (slowing)
Declining (continuing/accelerating)
No clear trend
Trend unknown
Declining
(slowing) 26%R
Fluctuating (probably
stable) 8%
Fluctuating (probably
declining) 5%
Source: Biodiversity Action
Reporting System (BARS)
Biodiversity
Status of UK BAP Species in Scotland:
2008
Status of UK BAP Species
Increasing 4%
Unknown 32%R
Fluctuating (probably
increasing) 1%
Stable 23%R
Increasing
Fluctuating - probably increasing
Stable
Fluctuating - probably stable
Fluctuating - probably declining
Not a true
species 1%
Declining (slowing)
Declining (continuing/accelerating)
Lost (since BAP publication)
Fluctuating (probably
Lost (pre BAP publication)
stable) 10%
No clear
trend 7%
No clear trend
Not a true species
Trend unknown
Lost (pre BAP
Publication) 1%
Lost (since BAP
publication) 1%
Fluctuating (probably
declining) 4%
Declining (continuing/
accelerating) 7%
Source: Biodiversity Action
Reporting System (BARS)
Declining
(slowing) 11%
Biodiversity
Status of wild bird populations:
1975-2009
Index (1994 = 100)
140
130
Terrestrial Breeding Birds
120
110
Breeding Seabirds
100
90
80
Wintering Waterbirds
70
60
1975
1980
1985
Source: British Trust for Ornithology/ Joint Nature
Conservation Committee/ Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust/
Shetland Oil Terminal Environmental Advisory Group
1990
1995
2000
2005
Biodiversity
Catches of wild salmon: 1952-2008
Numbers caught (thousands)
300
250
Fixed engine
200
150
Net & coble
100
50
Rod & line (retained)
Rod & line (released)
0
1952
1957
1962
1967
Source: Marine Scotland
Science
1972
1977
1982
1987
1992
1997
2002
2007