Transcript for Environmental Management - Environmental Research and

JICA’s Efforts in
Environmental Management
in South East Asia and Thailand
July 27, 2012
Tomoyuki Kawabata
Senior Representative
Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)
Thailand Office
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Topics
1. About JICA
2. JICA’s Efforts for Environmental Management
3. Case Study
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Basic Information of JICA
JICA Technical Cooperation
Grant Aid
Integrated Operations of 3
Aid Modalities
ODA Loan
Also;
Japan Overseas Cooperation Volunteers
Japan Partnership Program
Emergency Disaster Relief
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Basic Information of JICA
• JICA Technical Cooperation – 212.72 billion JPY (until 2010)*
• The projects may involve the dispatching of experts from Japan to
provide technical support, invitation of personnel from developing
countries for training, or the provision of necessary equipment.
ODA Loans - 2,164.4 billion JPY (until 2010)*
• ODA loans support developing countries by providing low-interest,
long-term and concessional funds to finance their development
efforts.
Grant Aid - 159.3 billion JPY (until 2007)*
• Thailand has graduated from ordinary Grant Aid in 1993 but still
has possibility to receive special Grant Aid.
Japan Overseas Cooperation Volunteers - over 850 people (until 2009)*
• Volunteers has been allocated in government offices and
schools across Thailand.
*aggregated amount of assistance for Thailand
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JICA’s Approach in Environmental
Management Field
Support for formulating
adequate environmental
policy and environmental
planning
Support for
strengthening systems
responding to
environmental issues
Support for the
improvement of technology
for adequate environmental
management
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Capacity Development (CD)
for Environmental Management
JICA emphasizes Capacity Development (CD) in
developing countries. CD is defined as:
“the process of the development for individuals,
organizations, systems and society to solve
problems through playing the roles individually or
collectively and the process of development of the
capacity (capacity to cope with problems) to set
and meet goals”.
Study Report on Capacity Development
Capacity Development and JICA's Activities
(JICA Website)
http://www.jica.go.jp/english/publications/rep
orts/study/capacity/
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JICA’s Project Map in
Environmental Management Field
(Technical Cooperation, 2011)
★ Air Pollution (5)
● Water Pollution (26)
■ Climate Change (21) ◎ Complex, Others (15)
Europe
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Asia
Middle East
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North America/Latin America
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Africa
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◆ Waste Management (19)
( ): Number of projects
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Oceania
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More than 50% of the projects in Asia
(Asia: 45 projects, Total: 86 projects)
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Case Study : Support for Water Environment Management of
Central and Local Organizations
Program on Vietnam Urban Water Environment Management
Program Goal
To reduce pollution load to public water bodies in Vietnam, thereby
improving water quality and satisfying various water needs
Component 1:
Capacity
Development of
Research
Institutes
Main Research Institutes
Target
Input
T/C (VAST)
Component 2:
Capacity Development of
Administrative Institutions
Charged with Overall
Water Environmental
Management
Component 3:
Development of Drainage
and Wastewater
Infrastructure and
Management Capacity
MONRE and DONREs
MOC and provincial
development of public works
Loan (Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh,
Expert,
Hai Phong, etc…), T/C
T/C (MONRE)
T/C (Ho Chi Minh, Hanoi)
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Program on Vietnam Urban Water Environment Management
Component 1: Enhancing Capacity of Vietnamese Academy of
Science and Technology in Water Environment Protection
<Technical cooperation project> 2008.1-2012.1
●Project purpose:
Scientific and technological basis of VAST/IET for the improvement of the water
environment will be further strengthened
●Outputs:
1.Improvement of water quality monitoring and development of analysis methods
2.Suitable technologies on domestic and industrial wastewater treatment
3.Improvement of training courses on water quality monitoring and wastewater
treatment
4.Encouragement of activities on water environment protection
● Partner country organization: Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology,
Institute of Environmental Technology
State of urban drainage
State of the laboratory VAST/IET
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Program on Vietnam Urban Water Environment Management
Component 2: Capacity Development of Administrative Institutions
Charged with Overall Water Environment Management
<T/A Pro. related to ODA Loan> 2010.6-2012.5
Hanoi
Haiphong
Project Purpose:
Capacity of MONRE (Central Gov.) and
target DONREs (Local Gov.) on water
environmental management is
strengthened.
(1) Counterpart: MONRE(M) and target DONREs(D)
Hue
(2) Project sites: Hanoi, Haiphong, Hue, Ba Ria-Vung
Tau and HCM
(3) Output:
- Improvement of policy
HCM
Ba RiaVung Tau
& systems (M)
- Strengthening enforcement capacity of water
pollution control (D)
- Making effective water pollution control
measures (D)
- Raising awareness of public and industrial
sectors on water environment (D)
- Strengthening information management and
utilization (M, D)
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Program on Vietnam Urban Water Environment Management
Component 3 : Development of Drainage and Wastewater
Infrastructure and Management Capacity
M/P, F/S
Hanoi city environmental management plan (2000)
Hai Phong city environmental management plan (2001)
Technical Cooperation
Capacity development on sewerage management in Ho Chi Minh
City (phase 1: 2009.5-2010.11, phase 2: 2011.9-2014.8)
ODA loans
Total amount: approximately US$150 millions
Urban water environmental management projects
in Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh, Haiphong, Hue, and Binh Duong Province.
Ho Chi Minh City Water Environment
Improvement Project (1)
2001.3 L/A
← Ho Chi Minh City Sewage Treatment Plant
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Major On-going & Planning Projects with Thai Partners
(Environment & Climate Change)
Capacity Development and Institutional Strengthening for GHG Mitigation in
the Kingdom of Thailand
2010.1-2012.3
●Background：
Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organization
(TGO) has the task to promote and support all activities
related to climate change mitigation in Thailand, and is
responsible for promoting the strategies together with
the Office of Climate Change Coordination (OCCC)
under the Office of Natural Resources and
Environmental Policy and Planning (ONEP) of the
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment.
However, since TGO is a new organization,
established just two years ago, the organization has
several fields that can be further improved.
●Project Purpose
Capacity development for human resources and institutional strengthening on
GHG mitigation for TGO will be achieved
●Project Outputs
1.The level of knowledge and expertise of TGO staff on GHG mitigation will be
enhanced.
2.Capacity of TGO to provide training will be enhanced.
3.Capacity of TGO to review and monitor GHG mitigation project will be
enhanced.
4.Capacity of TGO to manage information on GHG mitigation will be enhanced.
●Organization
Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organization (TGO)
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Major On-going & Planning Projects with Thai Partners
(Environment & Climate Change)
Capacity Building on Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation for
Implementation in Bangkok
2009.6-2012.5
●Background：
Bangkok with nearly 10million populations contributes up to 43 million tons
of greenhouse gases (GHG) in 2007.
Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA) set up the Action Plan
1)Expand the mass transit and improve traffic system; 2) promote the use of
renewable energy; 3)Improve building electricity consumption efficiency;
4)Improve solid waste management and wastewater treatment efficiency;
and 5)Expand park area. This action plan aims to reduce greenhouse gas
emission by at least 15% of the total emission anticipated in the year 2012
under business as usual projection.
Climate change issue is quite new to BMA officials, who encountered
difficulties for the implementation of Action Plan on Global Warming
Mitigation.
●Project purpose：
Capacity of BMA to implement the Action Plan on
Global Warming Mitigation is strengthened.
●Project outputs：
1)The organization capacity of BMA to tackle the
issue of climate change in an integrated manner
is increased.
2)The capacity of BMA staffs in implementing each
of the five initiative of Action Plan is increased.
● Organization :
Department of Environment,
Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA)
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Major On-going & Planning Projects with Thai Partners
(Environment & Climate Change)
Design and Develop Basic Schemes for PRTR System (Planning)
2011.03 – 2015.02
●Background：
The main objective of this project is to develop a model for PRTR system in
Thailand. PRTRs, known as a database system, provides public access to
information on amounts of pollutants released from different point and/or non
point sources to each environmental medium (air, water, soil) and/or transferred
off-site for waste management or wastewater treatment. PRTR also encourages
industry, business to reduce releases and transfers of waste and to adopt cleaner
production techniques. In addition, PRTR provide information for governments to
develop plans for pollution prevention, control measurement and for chemicals
management in a sound manner.
There are 3 concerned organizations in Thailand, DIW, IEAT and PCD, join in
the project. Under 4 years of the technical cooperation; JICA would support a
technical guidance for Thai counterparts pertaining to the implementation of the
project. Rayong Province is chosen for launching a pilot trial, since Maptaput and
area nearby is currently known as the major source of industrial pollution.
However; other sources of pollution such as agriculture and vehicle will be carried
out in the study.
●Organization Pollution Control Department, Ministry of Natural Resources and
Environment (PCD)
Department of Industrial Works, Ministry of Industry (DIW)
Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand, Ministry of Industry (IEAT)
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Major On-going & Planning Projects with Thai Partners
(Environment & Climate Change)
Research and Development for water reuse technology in tropical regions
2009.5-2013.3
●Background
Southeast Asian country located in tropical regions often suffer from drought in
the dry season and flood in the wet reason. Thailand is the country leading the
economic growth in Southeast Asia. The promotion of 3R(Reduce,Reuse and
Recycle) of water resource is needed there for elimination of the access to safe
water and conservation of water quality. This project research and development
of water reuse technologies which contribute to the 3R of water resource in
Thailand and other tropical countries.
●Project purpose:
Appropriate water reuse technology is newly developed for wide application
with an establishment of institutional framework for effective management in
Thailand.
● Project outputs：
1) Institutional framework for research, development and promotion of water
reuse technology is developed.
2) New energy-saving (or net energy-balanced) decentralized water reclamation
and reuse system is developed to practically install for on site operation.
3) New water reuse technology with resource production (or GHG emission
reduction) is developed to practically install for on-site operation.
4) Effective management and monitoring system for community – based water
reuse is developed.
●Partner country organization:
Environmental Research and Training Center, Chulalongkorn University,
Kasetsart University
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Major On-going & Planning Projects with Thai Partners
(Environment & Climate Change)
Innovation on production and automotive utilization of biofuels from non-food
biomass
2010-2014
●Background：
Sustainable introduction of biofuels into the transportation sector is
a promising measure to reduce the causes of climate changes, so
there have been pressing demands for the development of the
innovative technology to produce transport fuels from non-food
biomass. In this project, we will develop the scientific and
technological bases for the production of transport biofuels, and for
the evaluation of biofuels in automotive utilization and in life cycle
assessment (LCA).
We will focus on Jatropha as a non-food biomass, and will develop
the novel biofuels production technology from Jatropha residues in
addition to the technology for production of high quality biofuels from
Jatropha oil to enhance its over-all utilization efficiency.
oil
Jatropha fruit
residues
Chemical/
catalytic
conversion
Pyrolysis/
catalytic
conversion
BDF
Gasoline,
etc.
●Project Outputs
1. Production of high quality BDF from Jatropha
oil, including LCA evaluation
2. Production of bio-oils from Jatropha residues
3. Upgrading of bio-oils, including LCA
evaluation
4. Evaluation of engine and emission
performances of new fuels
5. Capacity building and technology transfer
Market
use of
new
fuels
KMUTNB
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Major On-going & Planning Projects with Thai Partners
(Environment & Climate Change)
Integrated Study Project on Hydro-Meteorological Prediction and Adaptation
to Climate Change in Thailand (IMPAC-T)
2009.4-2014.3
●Background
Water is natural environment that characterizes climate
condition which could also have an impact on water resources
and their availability. Its seasonal and inter-annual variation
sometimes leads to severe damages in water environment as
well as human society. Therefore it is essential to monitor and
comprehend hydrological cycles to foresee subsequent
phenomena of water environment, to assess possible risks,
and to prepare countermeasures against those risks. Such
system would enable decision-makers at various levels of Thai
government to operate reservoirs adequately, to make earlywarnings of water-related disasters, and to develop
control/management strategies for water issues.
●Project Purpose
A prototype of the integrated system to help decision-making
on the adaptation for water-related risks under climate change
impact is established.
●Project Outputs
1. Monitoring capacity in the field of hydro-meteorology for
climate change impact is enhanced.
2. An integrated model in consist with natural hydrological cycle
and anthropogenic activities is developed.
3. Methodology of water-related risk assessment incorporating
with climate change impact and anthropogenic activities are
developed.
●Organization：
Kasetsart University, Thailand Meteorological
Department, Royal Irrigation Department,
University of Tokyo, Kyoto University, Tohoku
University, NIAES: National Institute for AgroEnvironment Sciences, NIES: National Institute
for Environmental Studies
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Major On-going & Planning Projects with Thai Partners
(Environment & Climate Change)
The Project on Capacity Development in Disaster Management (Phase-2)
2010 -2014
●Background
Established in 2002, Disaster Prevention and Mitigation (DDPM) is an
organization responsible for general disaster management including
disaster prevention and emergency response taking the Asian Tsunami
in December 2004 as a turning point. It is a pressing challenge to
develop the capacity of DDPM to cope with natural disasters in Thailand
by collaborating with concerned various organizations.
The Project for Capacity Development in Disaster Management in
Thailand (Phase-1) was carried out from August 2006 to August
2008.Now the Phase-2 is implementing aiming at improving and upscaling the outputs of the Phase-1 in order to improve disaster risk
management activities and mitigate damages caused by natural
disasters.
●Project Purpose
Capacity of DDPM is enhanced to scale up
Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Action
Plans, Community Based Disaster Risk
Management: CBDRM and disaster
education, collaborating with concerned
agencies, provincial and local levels.
●Project Outputs
1. Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Action
Plans with considerations for vulnerable
people are formulated for national, provincial
and local authorities (in the target provinces).
2. Capacity of DDPM staff as facilitators on
implementation of Community Based
Disaster Risk Management (CBDRM) is
enhanced.
3.Training curriculum at DPMA is improved.
4. Based on the Natural disaster
preparedness educational curriculum,
schools have improved preparedness for
disaster.
●Organization
Department of Disaster Prevention and
Mitigation (DDPM)
Ministry of Education (MOE) (Co18
Implementing Agency)
Policy advance →
Creation of
Environmental
Value-added
Correspondence
to Environmental
Needs
Pollution
Control
Uniform Regulation
Destructive
Use of
Ecosystem
•Regulations considering individual conditions
•From quantity to quality
•Material cycle
•Energy saving
•Environmental education, etc.
Economic development →
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Thank you for your attention
http://www.jica.go.jp/english/index.html
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