Transcript Adapting to Climate Change: Liberia`s Perspective

Outline
1.0 Background and Introduction
2.0 NAPA of Liberia
2.1 Rationale for NAAPA
2.2 Introduction and Setting
2.2.1 Country Profile
2.2.2 National Circumstances
2.3 Framework for Adaptation Programme
2.4 Identification of Key Adaptations Needs
2.5 Criteria for Selecting Priority Activities
2.6 List of Priority Activities
2.7 NAPA Preparation Process
2.7.1 Institutional Arrangement
2.7.2 Synthesis of Information
2.7.3 Stakeholders Consultation
2.7.4 Endorsement of NAPAs
2.8 Challenges
2.9 Recommendation and Way forward
1.0 Background and Introduction
Liberia: ratified the UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol in 2002 respectively
UNFCCC Decision
•
•
Decision 29/CP:7: Established the Least Developed Countries Expert Group(LEG)
Decision 4/CP.11: Extension of LEG Mandate until 2007
Financing
•
GEF/UNEP made available US$200,000
Institutional Arrangement
•
EPA Liberia executed the project
•
Steering Committee
•
Multi-Integrated Assessment Team(MIAT)
•
Project Management Team
•
National Experts/Consultants
Methodology
•
NAPA Annotated Guideline
•
Stakeholder Consultations-Bottom to Top Approach
•
National Consultants’ Reports
•
Literature Review
2.0
NAPA of Liberia
Executive Summary
1. Introduction and Setting
2. Framework for Adaptation Programme
3. Identification of Key Adaptation Needs
4. Criteria for Selecting Priority Projects
5. List of Priority Projects
6. NAPA Preparation Process
Annex 1: Profiles of Institutions in the Stakeholder
Consultation Process
Annex 2: Highest Priority Project Profiles
2.1 Rationale for NAPA
• To enhance national adaptive capacity needs
• To Produce national adaptation programme of
action
• To generate consultation at the grass root level
• To address urgent and immediate needs due to
the adverse effects of climate change
• To assess current vulnerability and local coping
strategies at the community levels and use that
to identify immediate priority actions
2.2 Introduction and Setting
Environmental Problems and Stresses
• Deforestation
• Land Degradation/Soil Erosion
• Loss of biodiversity
• Tropical storm
• Coastal erosion
• Flood
• Water and sanitation
2.2.1 Country Profile
Figure 1: Political Map of Liberia
2.2.2 National Circumstances
1.
GDP Per capita(2003)
US$294
2.
Share of the economy by mining and manufacturing industries
10%
3.
Agriculture Workforce
85%
4.
Unemployment rate
85% of population
5.
Employment in informal sector
15% of workforce
6.
Live on less than 1USD per day
85% of population
7.
Live on less than 0.5 USD(0.50 cents)
52% of population
8.
Illiteracy rate
85%
9.
Population that have access to health care
10%
10.
Urban population that have access to safe drinking water
35%
11.
Average life expectancy
48 years
12.
Child mortality rate
235 per 1000 live births
13.
Infant mortality rate
117 per 1000 live births
14.
Population in Monrovia (capital and largest city)
800,000
15.
Average Temperature
28oC to 32o C
16.
Relative humidity
90 to 98%(Rain, 85 to 95% Dry)
17.
Average Sunshine
7hrs per day
18.
Cultivate Land
10% of arable land
19.
Dependent on charcoal and fuel wood for cooking and other domestic
energy requirements
98% percent of population
20.
Electricity supply
Less than 10% of population
21.
Total Road Network
10,600 km but only 6.4% paved
22.
Annual Average Rainfall
4770 mm along the coast;2080 mm in
interior
23.
Total fertility rate
6.1(1999/2000 LDHS
2.3 Framework for Adaptation
Programme
Significance of Climate
Climate risks pose a serious challenge to
emerging development activities in Liberia
• Agriculture
• Forestry
• Fisheries
• Public Health
• Water Resources
Framework for Adaptation
Programme cont’d
Vulnerability to Climate Variability
• Changing rainfall pattern
• Flood
• Increase in temperature
• Tropical Storm
• Sea Level Rise
Projection of future climate change over Liberia
Framework for Adaptation
Programme cont’d
Potential Impacts of Climate Change
Agriculture
• Decrease in crop yield
• Increase in pest infestation, weeds and animal
diseases
• Extinction of species(long term)
Forestry
• Slow tree growth
• Longer period of rain- death of certain tree
species(South East) and Northwest forest blocks
Framework for Adaptation
Programme cont’d
Fisheries
• Changing water temperatures and rainfall
patterns – decline level of certain fish
species
Public Health
• Changes in rainfall and temperature
patterns – result to increase level of
waterborne diseases(malaria, cholera,
dysentery, typhoid fever etc.
2.4 Identification of key adaptation
needs
Adaptation options identified from the
following:
• Vulnerability and adaptation report
• Synergy Assessment Report
• Stakeholder Consultations(Bottom – Top
Approach)
2.5 Criteria for Selecting Priority
Activities
• Level or degree of adverse effects of
climate change
• Poverty reduction to enhance adaptive
capacity
• Synergy with other Multilateral
Environmental Agreements to which
Liberia is a party
• Cost Effectiveness(quantitative; expressed
in cost per million units
2.6 List of Priority Activities
• Multi-Criteria Analysis(MCA)-scoring,
weighting and ranking
28 Adaptation Projects proposed by
stakeholders initially
Validation Forum
• 8 highest prioritized projects emerged:
Agriculture:Integrated crop and livestock
farming
List of Priority Activities Contd.
Forestry and wetlands: Switching from fossil fuel based to biomass
based energy products
Energy: Promoting energy efficiency and conservation
Water: Awareness and sensitization about the importance of water
resource management
Coastal Zones: Development of an integrated coastal zone
management
Meteorological: Rebuilding the national meteorological monitoring
network
Public Health: Use of insecticide treated materials (ITMs)
Three Urgent and Immediate Adaptation Priorities
• Integrated cropping/livestock farming
• Improved monitoring of climate change
• Coastal defence systems of Monrovia, Buchanan and Robertsport
2.7 NAPA Preparation Process
•
•
•
•
Institutional Arrangement
Synthesis of Information
Stakeholder Consultation
Endorsement of NAPAs
2.7.1Institutional Arrangement
NAPA National Steering Committee
- Steering Committee members:
Ministry of Lands, Mines and Energy,Permanent Representative of Liberia to WMO,
Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Ministry of Planning and Economics Affairs,
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Society Against Environmental Degradation(SAED),
Ministry of Agriculture, Save My Future Foundation(SAFE), University of Liberia,
UNDP, Society for the Conservation of Nature of Liberia, Food and Agriculture
Organization,World Vision-Liberia, Liberia Electricity Corporation,Ministry of Gender
and Development Liberia Indigenous Forum for the Environment(LIFE), Social
Enterprise Development of West Africa.
Multi-disciplinary Integrated Assessment Team(MIAT):
- Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Gender and Development, University of Liberia,
Liberia Electricity Corporation, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Roberts
International Airport, Society Against Environmental Degradation(SAED)
Project Management Team
- Project Manager, Deputy Project Manager, Accountant and Secretary
2.7.2 Synthesis of Information
• Technical Reports on Vulnerability and
Adaptation, Reconstruction Development
Plan, Projects prepared by national
consultants, Millennium Development
Goals(MDGs), National Environmental
Policy, Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy
Papers
2.7.3 Stakeholders Consultation
Inception workshop in Monrovia
2.7.4 Endorsement of NAPAs
•Following series of consultation workshops, the Draft final NAPA report
was discussed in a national workshop held in Monrovia.
•The document was improved by incorporating comments and suggestions
made during the national workshop
•Steering Committee reviewed and approved the NAPA document
•The NAPA document was officially approved and signed by The House of
Representatives Committee on Land, Mines Energy & Environment and
the Chairman of the Environmental Policy Council (Minister of Lands,
Mines and Energy).
•NAPA document was submitted to the UNFCCC in July 2008
2.8 Challenges
CAPACITY GAPS
• Lack of professionals with technical expertise on
climate change due to mass exodus during crisis
(brain drain)
• Lack of infrastructures for data collection and
monitoring. Institutions which collected data prior
to the war got destroyed, losing all available
data
• Inadequate public awareness on the impacts of
climate change
2.9 Recommendation & Way
Forward
• Creating enabling environment by rebuilding
institutions responsible for climate data
collection and monitoring
• Sustained public awareness and sensitization
• Human resource capacity building (training) to
enhance research and studies on climate
change activities in Liberia, including the
development of climate change related
scenarios
• Enhancing information sharing and technology
transfer
Recommendation & Way Forward
cont’d
• Climate change is a serious and on-going threat
to development and livelihood in Least
Developed Countries like Liberia. It will add
burdens to those who are already poor and
vulnerable, making poverty eradication an
elusion.
• Adaptation is the only way forward. However, in
the absence of limited funding to address
adaptation options identified in the NAPA process
the entire effort of addressing impacts of climate
change in the country will remain a charade.
Recommendation & Way Forward
cont’d
• Against this background, the concerted effort of stakeholders is what
is required for urgent action to implement priority NAPA projects.
The following institutional and financial framework provides
opportunity for achieving such:
Adaptation Funding under the Convention and the Kyoto Protocol
 Special climate change fund
 Least Developed Countries (LDCs) fund
 Adaptation fund to finance adaptation projects and programs under
Kyoto protocol
Trust funds of the GEF
Bilateral donors
July 20 2008
rainfall disaster in Monrovia
• 24 hour rainfall recorded at the Liberian
hydrological station
• 419.5mm
• Impact ( Monrovia and its enviorns)
THANKS FOR YOUR
ATTENTION!!