Transcript BITOU Adapt to Climate Change: Bring Back Indigenous Forest to

BITOU
Forestry and Forests
Climate Change
Challenge
THINK
GLOBALY ACT LOCALY
BITOU
Adapt to Climate Change:
Bring Back Indigenous
Forest to Africa
Community Indigenous
Forestry Units (CIFU’s)
By: Albert Arthur Ackhurst
BITOU Climate Change Strategy
• Indigenous Forestry Conservation Economy
• Growing natural forests not monoculture
• Global Carbon Trading Markets – 60Bn $ 2007
• Capacitating up to 28 new companies:
– SMME’s
– BBB-EE
• Half a tree’s dry biomass = Carbon (C)
• World markets are paying $’s per ton CO2e
• Growing forests (trees) mitigates climate change
By Albert Ackhurst Apr 2007
Climate Change Challenges for Forestry
Increased Fires!!
Increased Flooding!!
Increased pathogens!!
By Albert Ackhurst Apr 2007
Forests cover about one third of the total land mass
Forests contain about 70% of all carbon present in living things
Boreal / Taiga
Temperate Deciduous
Tropical
Afro-temperate Evergreen
By Albert Ackhurst Apr 2007
Forests are critical in that they take
up CO2 from the atmosphere and
store it as biomass
Afro-temperate Evergreen
Suffered devastation at the
hand of colonialism and
industrialization
Africa’s
forests
Only a fraction left of
Africa’s Southern lung
We are losing forest at a rate of 2 soccer fields per second
By Albert Ackhurst Apr 2007
Northern / Southern hemisphere distribution
Boreal / Taiga
Temperate Deciduous
Tropical
Afro-temperate Evergreen
By Albert Ackhurst Apr 2007
So where is the potential?
Boreal Browning
Ice age Inundation
Tropics are good
But they are pretty much intact
Boreal / Taiga
Temperate Deciduous
Tropical
Afro-temperate Evergreen
By Albert Ackhurst Apr 2007
Revive Africa’s Lung!
3 Million sq km of opportunity
Indigenous forestry Potential
Through UNFCCC – Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)
Small scale mechanisms for Aforestation / Reforestation
Sinking carbon at 30 to 40 tonnes of CO2e per Hectare / yr
Selling Carbon credits at $6 ↑ per tonne CO2e ($15 soon)
20 to 30 year cycles
Sparking Local Economic Development in Bitou
Improving ecosystem services
Rationale for this Initiative
Rationale to restore
Social and Environmental equity
Loss
Southern African
Of
Afro-temperate
Natura
l
Forest
Forest
!
Fynbos, Exotics &
Timber plantations
Colonialism
Early
humans
Driven by fire & wind
exacerbated by
anthropogenic impacts
Anthropogenic
impacts up to and
eventually
Enabling
industrialisation
(e.g. crops, burning for
grazing,)
By Albert Ackhurst Apr 2007
Rationale to restore
Community forestry
Social and Environmental equity
•Socio-economic redress
Southern African
Afro-temperate
Forest
•Jobs in indigenous forestry
•Biodiversity conservation
•Ecosystem services
•Re-import Carbon stocks
•Improved water mngmt.
Early humans
Colonialism
Fynbos (Medt. Scrub), Aliens
Loss
& Timber manifested
Of
Natura
l
Forest
!
By Albert Ackhurst Apr 2007
Problems we need to overcome
1. Low confidence due to fire risk and premature
harvesting
2. Need to clear aliens to plant indigenous forests
(To avoid potential future water crisis?)
1. But DNA definition include aliens as forest
2. Therefore need to change in SA’s definition for
legibility of A/R
3. Need zero baseline scenario for alien removal and
forest planting
4. DWAF, DEAT and DME to remedy the restrictions
Local
Problem
Fynbos and Aliens burn
every 5 to 12 years
Setting clock back to zero
Increasing:
•Habitat loss
•Substrate compaction
•Rampant fires
•Flooding
•Loss of water
•Wholesale carbon export
•POVERTY
Our
Response…
By Albert Ackhurst Apr 2007
Southern Cape Landscape wide scale…
Of the more than 208 000 ha’s of original indigenous forest
less than 74 000 hectares remain
>133 000 ha’s of land potential for
Community Indigenous Forestry!!
By Albert Ackhurst Apr 2007
BAARTMAN-BIKO
ENVIRONMENTAL AND FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTE
What we have done
Developed Afro-centric Indigenous Forestry Database, Field
verification and sustainable LED business models
•Concept
•Research
•Pilot
•Scale-up
•Replicate & Roll-out
By Albert Ackhurst Apr 2007
Developed Seedbank (accelerate propagation of trees)
By Albert Ackhurst Apr 2007
Indigenous Forestry Skills and Nursery
Established Local Community Project
Planting Indigenous Forest & Creating Jobs
TYPE
Indigenous Forestry
SIZE Ha
0.8 to 8 Ha
STATUS
Pilot project
LAND TENURE
Private (Self Funded)
•Researched the Carbon market – UNFCCC-Kyoto
•Researched and implemented rapid Re-Aforestation
•Developed economic models & Green-collar jobs
•Developed Community participation and discourse
•Aligned with local IDP
By Albert Ackhurst Apr 2007
From Climate Change Problem to Community Development
The Phi Nursery
Seed harvest
Propagation
Bagging & Prep
Ready for planting
By Albert Ackhurst Apr 2007
Single Community Nursery design on half a Hectare
80% Shadenet
Propagation shed
Mulch
Water
60% Shadenet
Off take area
System of 10m x 10m square areas (units)
By Albert Ackhurst Apr 2007
Propagation unit (10m x 10m)
Consisting of double rows of seedling trays (100)
25 x (100 plug trays)
75 x (200 plug trays)
= 17,500 plugs every 3 to 6 months
Considering 60% yield
= 105 000 plugs (3-6 mts)
design
10m x 10m unit
By Albert Ackhurst Apr 2007
Energy Efficient Workflow Dynamic
Manpower
Gravity
By Albert Ackhurst Apr 2007
Single Community Nursery design on half a Hectare
A single Community Nursery on half a hectare can produce
200,000 trees supporting the Indigenous Forestry of 100
hectares each year.
100 Ha’s
By Albert Ackhurst Apr 2007
Micro-economics of
Community Indigenous Forestry
A Community Forestry Nursery is associated with other
BBB-EE SMME’s who contracts with and sell to each
other in a unique sustainable conservation economy,
defined as a Community Indigenous Forestry Unit
(CIFU).
By Albert Ackhurst Apr 2007
CIFU Business units
Jobs
Materials providers
Materials supervisor
(2)
Materials processors x 3
Transport
(2)
Driver supervisor
Alien clearing
Supervisor
(8)
Loading and logistics x 2
Team admin and cooking
Machine/chainsaw Operators x 2
Alien Cut and stack x 6
Substrate development
(mulchers)
(4)
Mulching supervisor
Mulcher Operator
Mulcher Loading and logistics x 4
Seed agents
(collectors)(4)
Seed Agents
Builders (nurseries)
Builder
Seed collectors x 2
(2)
Building staff x 4
Nursery (growers)
Nursery manager
(8)
Horticulturist x 2
Nursery workers x 4
Re-aforestation
(planting)(8)
Re-aforestation supervisor
Maintenance and fire
mgmt (8)
M & F Supervisor
Re-aforestation worker x 4
Community Indigenous Forestry
Unit
e.g. 8 nurseries, 8 alien clearing teams, 2 transport teams, etc.
•Alien clearing team starts
Sells poles and biomass
•Transport
Occurs between all business units
•Materials providers prep and source
Sells to nursery builders
•Mulchers prep biomass
Sells to nurseries and Forest planting
•Builders build Phi nurseries
Sells to Nursery owners
•Seed agents source seed/lings
Sells to nurseries, buys from collectors
•Nursery owners grow seedlings
Sells to Forest initiation (planters)
•Re-aforest. teams plants up ha’s
Sells to Project owner/trader?
•M & F cares for and raises trees
Sells service to Project owner?
Project owner (community) sells
biomass/carbon
M & F workers x 4
28 New BBB-EE Bitou SMME’s
New jobs = 40 to 500 (in 5 years)
(Program of works 800 to 10 000 ha’s)
New Forest = 800 to 10 000 Ha’s
Individual businesses within a CIFU requires a
full range of administrative and business
support services to succeed
Startup entrepreneurs require mentoring support
in establishing new businesses.
A full service business incubator from startup
through profitability is provided at a capped flat
rate of up to 30% overhead which is included in
the business models and is covered by the
project cost
By Albert Ackhurst Apr 2007
Mulch
Builders
Transport
Nurseries
Full Service Business Incubator
Project
Private
Aliens
Materials
seeds
Forests
New-biz
Fire
Carbon
Books
Trading
Bio-offs
Audit
HR
Business services
CDM
Legal
Training
Fund
Space & Place
Fin
Subs
DTI grants
By Albert Ackhurst Apr 2007
Partners
Land-use
CIFU CASHFLOW REINVESTMENT
MODEL
Cost of 1 CIFU
By Albert Ackhurst Apr 2007
Land where CIFU PPP’s may be located
Community agreements are
NOW needed with:
Local Authorities
Land Affairs
DWAF
SANParks
DEADP
Private Landowners
By Albert Ackhurst Apr 2007
Up to 100 000 ha’s in Bitou Municipality possible!
Developers
Over The Next 10
Years in Bitou
Mulchin
g
Material
s
Seeds
Seeds
Material
s
Alien
clearing
Mulchin
g
Jobs
159
160
094
063
042
021
015
146
125
150
153
157
500
155
001
By Albert Ackhurst Apr 2007
10,000
800 ha’s/pa
ha’s/pa
R4,700-00 to R6,000-00 per Ha
Land Use
Value P/a
Risk of market uncertainty over long
Term, return only after long rotations
ROI
Cannot trade carbon on timber stands
within 30 years of land-use change,
soil Carbon reduces over time
Return on Inv.
CARBON
Trees & Soil
$7/t CO2e
R+ per Ha
Excluding timber, NTP and eco-services value
Annual returns based on increment
and current pricing in growing market
New Worldwide Carbon markets
High volume of indigenous biomass,
Soil carbon increases over time (tradable)
Non Timber
Products
High potential for sustainable use
(medicines, ecotourism, fruits, seeds,
and saplings for indigenous projects)
Restricted within high overheads
And regulated industry standards
LED
New opportunities for various SMME’s
in stratified career paths
Reduced soil nutrient & catchment
Ecological
Services
Improved soil, mulch and litter layer
Improved catchment, reduced erosion
Increases exponentially with climate change
Fire
Very low fire risk over 20 yrs
Reduced water retention
Water
Improved water retention
Low potential for sustainable
Alternative products
Increased risk of erosion
Very high fire risk over 20 yrs
1 Ha Timber Forestry
NTP
1 Ha Indigenous forest
Barriers to entry into the World Carbon Market
1.Current pricing low for A/R between $4 - $6 / tCO2e
2.Low confidence due to fire risk and premature harvesting
3.Need to clear aliens to plant indigenous forests
4.But DNA definition include aliens as forest
5.Therefore change in SA’s definition for legibility of A/R
6.Need zero baseline scenario for alien removal and forest planting
7.A concerted effort by DWAF, DEAT and DME to remedy the
restrictions
8.We believe DWAF can lead this initiative for a better future
9.Currently Only Voluntary mechanisms through tCERS and lCers
It is foreseen that this mechanism will exponentially increase as
a worldwide effort to benefit poor local communities and
ecosystem services along with avoided deforestation (REDD).