Transcript ŹūŚÁŚŪÚŗŲŤŖ PowerPoint - Carnegie Endowment for International

Japan’s Arctic Policy
Kazuko Shiraishi
Ambassador in charge of Arctic affairs
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan
29 February 2016
Why “Arctic”?
 Melting of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean
due to global warming
⇒Environmental impact on a global scale such
as global warming etc.
⇒Use of Arctic Sea Route, potential of natural
resources
⇒Changing security environment
Arctic ocean sea ice of 1980s
September 2012
(smallest in recorded history)
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Why “Japan”?
 Recognizing both the Arctic’s latent possibilities and
its vulnerability to environmental changes, Japan is
called upon to play a leading role for sustainable
development in the Arctic in the international
community, with foresight and policy based on science
and technology that Japan has advantage in order to
achieve sustainable development.
.
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“Japan’s Arctic
Policy”
adopted on 16 October 2015
＜Need to Address Arctic Issues＞
○ Global Environmental Issues
○ Indigenous Peoples of the Arctic
○ Science and Technology
○ Ensuring the Rule of Law and
Promoting International Cooperation
○ Arctic Sea Route
○ Natural Resources Development
○ National Security
Cabinet Office Web site
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Specific Initiatives
 Research and Development
 International Cooperation
 Sustainable Use
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Research and Development
 Arctic Challenge for Sustainability Project（ArCS）
What?
• Work toward a comprehensive understanding of the environmental
changes in the Arctic and their effect on the rest of the globe
• Accurate prediction
• Information sharing
How?
• Human Resources
• International Collaborative Researches
• Establishing Platforms
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International Cooperation
 Active Participation in formulation process of
international rules for the Arctic
• Polar Code
• Participate actively in discussions toward the formulation of
rules for preservation and management of fishery resources
in high seas of the Arctic Ocean
 Arctic Council (AC)
• gained observer status in the Arctic Council in May 2013
• dispatching experts and government officials to working
groups, task forces, and other council meetings
 International and bilateral cooperation with Arctic and
other countries
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Sustainable Use
 Business
6,500nm
8,100nm
 Arctic Sea Route
8,200nm
11,200nm
 Mineral resources
Block 9
Block 14
 Marine living resources
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Japan-Russia Cooperation
 Research
 Northern Sea Route
 Yamal LNG Project
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History of Russia-Japan Arctic Environmental Research
Institute: NIPR,JAMSTEC,NIES, Universities: HU:Hokaido,NU:Nagoya,UT:Tokyo,KIT:Kitami
1990
Atmosphere
1995
2000
2005
2010
1991～ Research on GHG in western and eastern Siberia
（NIES and CAO, RAS-SB-MPI)
Terrestrial
1991～ Research on permafrost and forest fire
(HU and RAS-SB-MPI)
Climate
1997～2002 Heat/water cycle in Siberia/
WCRP-GAME Project
(NU, JAMSTEC and others, and RAS-IG, CAO, RAS-SB-MPI, IBPC)
Environment
CREST(2002~2006),RIHN（2007-2013)
2002～ Environmental change in Siberia
(NU, HU, JAMSTEC, Netherland, and RAS-IG, RAS-SB-MPI, IBPC))
PaleoClimate
2001～2012 Paleo-climate from ocean
（JAMSTEC、HU and RAS-FE-POI）
All-Japan
Arctic Study
2011～ GRENE Arctic Project
(NIPR,JAMSTEC,HU,UT, RIHN, KIT etc.and RAS-IG, RAS-SB-MPI, IBPC)
2015～ ArCS Arctic Project
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12 Research Themes selected for cooperation
developed/approved as future joint research (WS Report, 2015)
・THEME 1: Climate impacts of Black carbon and aerosols in the Arctic (Spitsbergen,
Baranov Cape, Tiksi)→ArCS
・THEME 2: Preliminary joint study in the frame of the Polar Prediction Project→ArCS
・THEME 3: Reliability and risk estimation for Sea-ice navigation along the Northern Sea
Route→ArCS
・THEME 4: Comparative study Carbon and water in the permafrost ecosystem of
Siberia→Belmont Forum (Hokkaido U)
・THEME 5: Glacier research in the Russian Arctic and sub-Arctic
・THEME 6: Contemporary changes of water, heat, and dissolved and suspended
organic/inorganic matter fluxes from Siberian rivers into the Arctic Ocean
・THEME 7: Variability of Snow cover including blowing snow and snowmelt processes of
the permafrost area under Arctic environment change
・THEME 8: Development of Space remote sensing technologies to monitor seasonal
variations in temperature and moisture in the active topsoil of the Arctic tundra
・THEME 9: Permafrost changes in Siberia in the past and future based on projections of
climate warming→Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (JAMSTEC, Nagoya U)
・THEME 10: Ecosystems and biodiversity→ArCS
・THEME 11: Effects of global climate change on commercial fishing and indigenous coastal
cultures in Siberia and the North Pacific
・THEME 12: Arctic and global climate change: feedbacks and forecasting dynamics
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Surface observation sites
present and future.
ArCS emphasis
area
Map from WS Report (2015)
Heat/Water/Carbon monitoring (Siberia)
Tower measurement site (Yakutsk)
Glacier obs. (Suntar-Khayata, East Siberia)
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Strengthening Cooperation
 Workshop on Arctic Research
(July and October 2014, Tokyo)
 12th Russia-Japan Joint Committee on Cooperation in
Science and Technology (September 10, 2015)
⇒Arctic research is one of important areas for bilateral cooperation
between Russia and Japan.
⇒Japan proposed Arrangement on cooperation between MEXT
and MES.
To further strengthen the cooperation with Russia in the field of Research
and Development:
・Access to data
-12・Procedures etc.,
Northern Sea Route
 As International Trade Route?
Yamal LNG
Project
・Transparency
・Safety
・Predictability (including Punctuality)
 Yamal LNG Project
Yuzhno-Tambeyskoye
Gas Field
 Japan’s Contribution
・Sea Ice Concentration
・Sea Ice Thickness
by GCOM-W
JAXA
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Conclusion
 Challenges surrounding the Arctic are global issues.
・Japan will enhance the cooperation with the Arctic states
such as Russia, the United States to solve the challenges.
Thank you for your attention!
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