Transcript Communities & Climate Change - Centre for Ecological Sciences

Global Climate Change mitigation through
Participatory Management of Multifunctional
Forests:
Carbon Sink Project as a Communitydriven Approach in Harda, MP, India
Deep Narayan Pandey
IUFRO Research Group 6.19.00-Ethnoforestry
Indian Institute of Forest Management
Bhopal, India
[email protected]
Not to the scale
Geographical distribution of fossil fuel sources of CO2 as of
1990. The global mean is 12.2 g m 2 year 1
Vitousek, Peter M., Mooney, Harold A., Lubchenco, Jane, Melillo, Jerry M.. Human Domination of Earth's
Ecosystems. Science 1997 277: 494-499
Carbon emissions associated
with fossil fuel combustion.
(Top) Carbon emissions per
person, 1999. (Bottom) 1999
Carbon emissions and expected
increase by 2010.
Sandalow, David B., Bowles, Ian A.
Fundamentals of Treaty-Making on Climate Change
Science 2001 292: 1839-1840
The change projected
by CGCM2 falls well
within the
approximate 5–95%
uncertainty ranges
estimated by Stott
and Kettleborough
(0.3–1.3 K) and by
Knutti et al. (0.5–1.1
K).
0.0
2.5
A warmer world during the decade 2020–30
F. W. Zwiers, Nature 416, 690-691 (2002).
Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities
N. Myers et al., Nature 403, 853 - 858 (2000)
6
4
Ha (109)
2
0
2000
2020
2050
Croplands
1.54
1.66
1.89
Pasturelands
3.47
3.67
4.01
Total
5.01
5.33
5.9
Carbon sequestration in agroforestry systems
D. N. Pandey, Climate Policy 2, (2002)
Area in ha
Reserve and Protected Forests in
Rahatgaon and Handia Ranges
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
27913
26930
10543
580
RF (ha)
11123
983
PF (ha)
Total
Rahatgaon
Handia
% of total area
Forest area affected by illegal felling
(1998)
100
80
60
40
20
0
95
47
40
13
No impact
3
2
Medium
impact
High
impact
Rahatgaon
Handia
Division
Effect of protection (trees per ha)
600
400
200
0
1
2
3
Handia
62
254
515
Rahatgaon
57
271
237
1=0 years, 2= 10 years, 3= 50 years
Biomass in sample plots
(metric tons per ha)
200
177.4
t/ha
150
110.4
112.4
100
54.6
50
37.6
41.9
Rahatgaon
0
Handia
Unprotected
8-10 years of
protection
Old grow th
Carbon Values of Sample Forest Plots
tC ha-1
100
80
60
Rahatgaon
40
Handia
20
0
0
10
50
Handia
100
Rahatgaon
80
60
60
40
40
20
20
0
0
0
10
50
0
10
50
Potential Carbon Additionality in
Handia under CDM
100
tC/ha
80
60
40
20
0
Current year
Sequestration
(tC/ha/yr)
After 8 years
After 12 years After 50 years
Building up of carbon pool (tC/ha)
Baseline
0.3
19.6
21.8
23
34.4
CDM Project
3.4
19.6
47.2
64.2
92.4
0
25.4
41.2
58.8
Additionality
Lessons from conservation proxy for Carbon
Sink
Loss of original habitat (expressed in % of original distribution)
Corbet and Hill (1992)
Ba
nt
en
Ph
g
i ll
Ko
ip
up
in
e
re
sp
y
Su
ot
m
te
at
d
ra
de
n
er
rh
in
oc
As
er
ia
os
n
el
ep
ha
nt
Ja
va
Ti
ge
n
rh
r
in
In
o
ce
di
an
ro
s
rh
in
oc
er
Be
os
ar
de
d
pi
Py
g
gm
y
ho
g
au
r
G
Bl
ac
kb
uc
k
C
he
et
ah
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Key functions
Key management guidelines for multifunctional forests
Biodiversity
Conservation and
maintenance of
ecosystem functions

Representation of all forest types in protected areas, both formal1 and ethnoforestry
regimes.
·
Protection of natural forests against wild-fires, grazing, and unmanaged removals
·
Priority protection to threatened ecosystems such as tropical dry forests
·
Preventing fragmentation and providing connectivity to conserve biodiversity in
landscape continuum. Fragmentation of natural forests has a sequential path that starts with
killing of big trees followed by degeneration of habitat specialists, paucity of regeneration due
to impoverished seed germination in fragments, and ends in denuded areas.
·
Maintenance of gene pool diversity in natural and cultural landscapes
·
Restoration of degraded forests with multiple use trees, shrubs and herbs along with
regeneration regimes that necessarily combine rainwater harvest, direct seeding, resprouting,
and plantations if needed.
·
Maintenance of woody vegetation in ethnoforestry regimes in landscape continuum
(households, cultural landscapes, agroecosystems, and wilderness).
·
Protection to a variety of woody vegetation management regimes in agroecosystems to
maximize social and economic benefits to the people as well maintenance of ecosystems
functions such as natural pest control, pollination, carbon storage, regulation of hydrological
cycle etc.
·
Only low intensity logging followed by matching regeneration in secondary forests and
ethnoforestry regimes.
·
Protection of the functional groups of biodiversity
Protection to large trees in natural, cultural and human modified landscapes as they act as
seed source, conserve carbon pool, and act as habitat for seed-dispersing birds, small mammals,
and other faunal species.
·
Soil conservation, and enhancement of soil fertility through conservation/restoration of
woody leguminous species across landscape continuum.
·
Application of the principles of sustainability science for forest management attempting
to address the nature-society interaction will need an interdisciplinary approach as well as
multiple stocks of knowledge and institutional innovations to navigate transition towards a
sustainable forest management
·
Community-based management regimes built on the principle of equity of knowledge
among stakeholders, and that rely capitalizing on natural recovery mechanisms will prevent
Yield of goods and
services to the
society
Enhancing the
carbon storage in
trees, woody
vegetation and soils
Social , economic
well-being
Noble, I. R., and R. Dirzo. 1997. Forests as human-dominated ecosystems. Science 277:522–525.
Changes in carbon stocks (the amount of
sequestered carbon) in Chinese forests over
the past half-century.
J. Fang et al., Science 292, 2320-2322 (2001).
The fate of sequestered carbon in USA
S. Pacala et al., Science 292, 2316-2320 (2001).
Further Reading:
Ravindranath, N. H., Pandey, D. N., Murthy, I., Bist, R. and Jain,
D. 2001. Communities & Climate Change (ed. Poffenberger, M.),
CFI, Santa Barbara, USA, pp.1-73.
Pandey, D. N. 2002. Global climate change and carbon
management on multifunctional forests. Current Science 83: 593602.
Pandey, D. N. 2002. Sustainability science for tropical forests.
Conservation Ecology 6 (1): r13.
Pandey, D. N. 2002. Carbon sequestration in agroforestry
systems. Climate Policy (in press).