Transcript Technology transfer and national communications

TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
AND
NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS
UNFCCC /UNDP EXPERT MEETING ON
METHODOLOGIES FOR TECHONOLGY NEEDS
ASSESSMENTS
SEOUL, KOREA
23-25 April 2002
Presented by:
George Manful
Head, Capacity building / GEF unit, Implementation
programme
UNFCCC ([email protected])
Outline of Presentation
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The Problem of Climate Change
Convention Requirements (Article 12.1)
Opportunity and Challenges
Contents and submission of national
communications
GHG abatement analysis
Abatement projects and technology transfer
Reporting
Conclusions
The Problem of Climate Change
• Cause: Anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases
Impacts:
– Rising temperatures
– Sea level rise
– Frequent occurrence of droughts, floods and other
extreme climatic events
– Threats to food supply
– Threats to fresh water supply
– Threats to human health
• Global response: UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol
Outline of Presentation
Convention Requirements
(Article 12.1)
• All Parties are committed to communicate to the
COP:
– Inventory of GHG emissions by sources and
removals by sinks
– A general description of steps taken or
envisaged by the Party to implement the
Convention, and
– Any other information considered relevant to
the achievement of the objective of the
Convention
Opportunities and challenges
• Opportunities for enhanced capacity to:
– Plan for sustainable development
– Identify impacts and responses
– Monitor domestic emissions
– Identify technologies and know-how
– Identify projects for funding
– Collect, process and share information
The Relevance of Information
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Collective decision-making
Cooperative research and development
National planning
Greater public awareness of the causes and
impacts of climate change
• Confidence building on efforts to implement the
Convention
Contents of Initial National
Communications
• Executive Summary
1 - National Circumstances
2 - GHG Inventory
3 - General Description of Steps
4 - Other Information
5 - Financial and Technological Needs and
Constraints
• Annexes
Submissions of Initial National
Communications
• Status
- 80 submissions as of 18 April 2002;
- Expected:
10 more in 2002
Rest within 2003 and 2004
National communications submitted as of 19
April 2002, by regions
No. of communications
30
25
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27
21
20
15
7
10
5
0
Africa
Asia and the Latin America
Pacific
and the
Caribbean
Regions
Eastern
Europe
Principal elements of the general description of
steps
• Programmes related to sustainable development;
• Monitoring systems and response strategies for
climate change impacts;
• Measures to facilitate adequate adaptation to climate
change;
• Capacity to integrate climate change concerns into
medium and long-term national planning; and
• Measure to mitigate climate change by addressing
GHG emissions and sink enhancement.
Evaluation of options to abate increase of GHG
emissions and enhancement of sinks
• Define scope and outputs of assessment
• Choice of analytical tools (models)
• Choice of technologies and practices to adopt
GHG abatement
analysis
 MAIN SECTORS COVERED
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Energy
Transport
Industry
Agriculture
Forestry
Waste Management
 Mitigation analysis tools employed:
LEAP
ENPEP
MARKAL
STAIR
ETO
RASTR
National Renewable Energy methodology for the economic
evaluation of energy efficiency and renewable technologies
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Other information included in accordance
with Art. 12.4 of the UNFCCC
GHG abatement projects for financing
Sector: Energy Demand
Subsectors
 Residential, commercial and institutional
buildings (52 end-use/description projects :
building thermal integrity, cooking, energy
management, heating, lighting and
refrigeration)
Energy Demand
(contd.)
Subsectors
 Transport (45 end-use/description projects
Alternate energy sources, Improved fleet
management, Traffic reduction, and Vehicle
energy intensity reduction )
 Industry (48 end-use/description projects
Introducing new technologies and processes,
and Process improvements)
 Switching to renewable sources of energy (62
projects )
 Switching to low-cost fossil fuels (7 projects )
 Efficient conversion of fossil fuels (19
projects )
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Sector: Agriculture
Subsectors
 Reduce fossil energy use (4 projects)
 Increase carbon storage in agriculture soils
(5 projects)
 Improve management of ruminant animals (4
projects)
 Expand biofuel production as carbon offset
(1 project)
 Adopt manure management practices for
methane collection (2 projects)
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Sector: Forest
Subsectors
 Production forestry/agroforestry (5 projects)
 Forest practices/goals (28 projects)
 Conservation of forests (8 projects)
 Sector: Waste Management
Subsectors
Wastewater management (5 projects)
 Solid waste disposal (5 projects)
 Composting (2 projects)
Technology Transfer Issues
Technology transfer issues in National Communications
- very superficial
Related mainly to mitigation projects
 Issues mentioned, but not elaborated:
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costs of technologies
barriers to technology transfer
acculturation of technologies
institutional and technical capacities, research and development
availability of information
Establishment of the CGE :
Decision 8/CP.5
Issues of concern
• The need for preparing
national communications
on a continuing process.
• The need for and
availability of adequate
and timely financial and
technical support for
preparation of
communications .
• Maintenance of national
capacities built.
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Need for a forum to
share national
experience
Revised guidelines for the preparation of national
communications
DEVELOPMENT AND TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGIES
Pursuant to decision 4/CP7, its annex, and the implementation of
Article 4.5 of the Convention, Parties, in the light of their social and
economic conditions, are encouraged to provide information on :
(a) country-specific technology needs
(b) transfer of, and access to, environmentally-sound technologies
and know-how and the development and enhancement of
endogenous capacities, technologies and know-how
(c) assistance received from developed country Parties and the
financial mechanism and a appropriate, its utilization, in support of
the development and enhancement of endogenous capacities and
technologies, and in the implementation of programmes and
measures identified in the technology needs assessment.
Conclusions
80 Developing country Parties have prepared and
submitted their first national communications
Most reporting Parties have in accordance with Art.
12.4 proposed outline of projects in their national
communications.
The implementation of most of these projects would
require that all Parties work effectively the towards
the implementation of Art. 4.5 and 4.7 of the
Convention