Transcript UNDP Water Governance Strategy Water-CoP

The UNDP
Water Governance Strategy
A follow-up to the Human Development Report 2006
“Beyond Scarcity:
Power, poverty and the global water crisis”
Juerg Staudenmann
Water Governance Advisor
Water-CoP Meeting (Almaty – 25-26 October 2007)
United Nations Development Programme
Bratislava Regional Centre – Europe & CIS
HDR 2006
Key Observations
The “Global Water Crisis” means deprivation in
access to water:
Water for life and for livelihoods:
– poverty, weak legal rights and public policies limit
access to the infrastructure that provide it
Even lower political commitment to sanitation
and hygiene:
– 2.6 billion people without access
– 1.8 million child deaths/year
Large disparities: WSS deficits
– much larger in rural areas compared to urban,
– affect poor far worse than rich people
Link WSS – Human Development
120
120
100
100
% with access to water
% access to sanitation
Successfully tackling the WSS crises could
trigger next leap forward in human development
80
60
40
80
60
40
20
20
0
0
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0
0.2
X
HDI
% access water (2004)
HDI
% access sanitation (2004)
HDI
% GDP Health (2003)
HDI
% GDP Education (2003)
HDI
Electricity use per capita (2003)
0.6
0.8
Hum an Developm ent Index
Hum an Developm ent Index
Y
0.4
R-squared
0.631406
0.73256
0.352122
0.07682
0.401594
1
1.2
The Global Water Crisis
The neglect is ethically indefensible and
economically short-sighted:
– water investments have benefit/cost ratio averaging
8:1
Added dimension: climate change
– could widely undo development gains - intensified
water insecurity and vulnerability of poor countries
and people to climate variability and extremes
No sector has suffered a lack of global
leadership more than water and sanitation –
– need concerted global action to scale up access to
sanitation & water for life and livelihoods
Water for
Sustainable Human Development
Water & sanitation access linked to the other MDGs;
many cannot be achieved if water fails
Water – poverty nexus:
–
–
–
–
Enhanced livelihood security
Reduced health risks
Reduced vulnerability
Pro-poor economic growth
Ultimate shared resource – who gets it and how it is
used is a matter of water governance
Interdependence also transboundary – 90% of world
population in countries with shared river basins
Competing demands for water means the poor will lose
out on all fronts unless we change and improve water
governance
Key HDR 2006
recommendations:
Water for Life
Make water a human right –
legislatively
National strategies for water and
sanitation
Increase international aid
(+ USD 3-4 billion/year = ODA x2)
Global Action Plan
 HDR 2006 serves to re-focus international
attention and catalyze concerted action
Key HDR 2006 recommendations:
Water for Livelihoods
Develop IWRM strategies (integrated into NDS
& PRSPs)
Put gender rights to water at center of
development
Strengthen water and land rights - Legal
empowerment of the poor
Integrate climate change adaptation into NDS
& PRSPs
Strengthen institutional capacity & financing
at all levels – local, national, transboundary
 HDR serves to re-focus international attention
and catalyze concerted action
UNDP’s Mission, Roles, and Responsibilities
Sustainable Human Development and MDG agenda
Strengthen UN system-wide coordination and promote
UN system-wide partnership strategies
Advocacy and advice, and concrete development
services at national level
Four development focus areas:
–
–
–
–
Poverty reduction and the MDGs
Democratic Governance
Crisis Prevention and Recovery
Environment and sustainable development
 Water is cross-cutting with links to all !
Water Governance
Cross-cutting linkages to UNDP Development Focus
Areas
Dev. Focus
Area
Poverty
Reduction
& MDGs
Key Result Areas: Linkages to Water
• Promoting inclusive growth
• Supporting MDG-based national development
strategies
Access to WSS and water resources assets
as main drivers of poverty reduction and
prerequisite to achieving almost all MDGs
Mainstreaming of WSS & IWRM into MDGbased national development strategies
Address rural/urban, rich/poor inequalities in
access to water services
Water Governance
Cross-cutting linkages to UNDP Development Focus
Areas
Dev. Focus
Area
Democratic •
Governanc
•
e
Key Result Areas: Linkages to Water
Fostering inclusive participation
Strengthen responsive institutions
Water crisis is principally one of governance,
not of scarcity
Inclusive participation in water resources
management
Strengthening water governance institutions
and mechanisms
Integrating human rights & gender equality
in water governance
Water Governance
Cross-cutting linkages to UNDP Development Focus
Areas
Dev. Focus
Area
Crisis
Prevention
&
Recovery
Key Result Areas: Linkages to Water
• Reducing the risk of crisis and systematic
prevention of disaster
• Restoring the foundation for development
after crisis
Reducing water-related risks and crises
(drought, floods, landslides, etc.) through
integrated water resources management and
CC adaptation
Water governance & management as entry
point for conflict prevention (at local and
transboundary levels)
Water Governance
Cross-cutting linkages to UNDP Development Focus
Areas
Dev. Focus Area
Environment
& Sustainable
Development
Key Result Areas: Linkages to Water
•
Mainstreaming environment: policy, institutional,
fiscal measures
Integrating IWRM into NDS / PRS(P)s
Environmental Finance: Market-based & other
financial mechanisms for WSS, sustainable
management of water resources and aquatic
ecosystems (cost recovery, public-private
partnerships, incl. water quality aspects)
Adapting to climate change (to reduce/minimize
water stress and scarcity of clean water resulting
from climate change)
Expanding access to environment and energy
services (WSS – capacity for service delivery,
community-government partnerships
UNDP’s Strategic Priorities
for Water (globally)
Assist in developing national strategies for equitable
management and governance of water
1.
–
–
2.
3.
4.
5.
Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM)
Access to water supply and sanitation (WSS)
Local action on water and sanitation
Cooperation on Transboundary Waters
Adaptation to climate change
Global and regional advocacy & collaboration on water
governance
Cross cutting:
Capacity development
Gender equality
Human rights based approach
Overarching Approaches
for Coordination and Programme Support
Coordination:
“One UN” coordinated approach (Pilot countries,
roll-out)
Mainstreaming IWRM & WSS in UNDAF*
process
Regional UN Coordinators to raise profile of the
water crisis with governments
Spain MDG Achievement fund support
UN Water – normative & coordination support
Set agenda with key agencies, IFIs, donor
partners
Facilitate Global Action Plan
Global & regional advocacy on water
governance (UNDP as lead UN agency)
Overarching Approaches
for Coordination and Programme Support (cont.)
Programme Support:
Support to mainstreaming IWRM, WSS in
PRS(P)s, national dev. plans (e.g. UNDP CPs,
PEI, PEF, MDG Support Services)
Water governance reform & IWRM strategies
– local, nat’l, transboundary (incl. GEF IW, LD,
Water Governance Facility)
Community-based action to scale up WSS,
local WRM (incl. Small Grants Programme)
Adaptation (GEF, other sources?)
Capacity building (CapNet and others)
Mainstreaming human rights and gender
Conflict prevention
Spain MDG fund (UNCT projects)
The Way Forward
Refine UNDP regional strategies and
programmes to strengthen water interventions
in support of MDG targets
Focus support on countries with largest waterMDG needs
Scale up implementation through existing
partnerships and programmes, such as
–
–
–
–
Global Water Partnership,
CapNet,
Water Governance Facility,
SGP/Community Water Initiative/Shared Waters
Partnership
– UNDP-Coke Partnership “Every Drop Matters”
The Way Forward (cont.)
Deepen UN agency and “allies” partnerships
for collaborative, complementary action and
division of labor, e.g.
– UNECE: advise and support for implementation of
regional conventions (Water Coinvention, Protocol on
Water & Health)
– UNEP: ecosystem sustainability, IWRM, povertyenvironment links
– UNICEF: water supply, sanitation, and hygiene
campaign; policy, decentralization, service delivery
links v
– OECD: Economic & WSS Financing Feasibility
Studies
– Banks: infrastructure development – policy
environment for access by the poor, national
The Way Forward (cont.)
Parthership & Ressource Mobilization:
 UNDP is presently under-resourced for effective
implementation of Water Governance Strategy and
HDR follow-up
UN(DP)-internal advocacy & measures:
– Enhance Global Water Governance
Programme
– Strengthen regional expertise, coordination
and leadership capacity
– Support, advise and coordinate ‘One-UN’
country level approaches
– Secure dedicated long-term commitment
Situation in RBEC?
Countries PROJECTED in business-as-usual scenario
NOT to achieve the water supply or sanitation MDGs
(work in progress):
Projected %
achieve. Water /
Sanitation MDG
WSS Plan / ..in
PRSP / ..in
UNDAF
UNICEF /
UNEP / MDG-S
country / Span
MDG-F
Status of IWRM
Planning /
planned UNDP
support
Armenia
OK / n.d.
Y / YN / NN
Y / .. / N / N
1 / GEF-IWRM
Azerbaijan
78.3 / n.d.
Y / ?? / na
Y / .. / N / N
3 / GEF-IWRM
Kazakhstan
OK / 83.1
Y / YY / YY
N / .. / N / N
1 / exist. proj
Kyrgyzstan
76.9 / 64.1
Y / YY / na
N / .. / N / N
2 / new reg proj
OK / n.d.
Y / YY / na
Y / .. / Y / N
2 / new reg proj
83.5 / 85.4
Y / YY / na
N / .. / N / Y
na (?) / N
OK / n.d.
Y / NN / YN
N / .. / N / N
2 / EUWI?
79.3 / 89.9
Y / YY / na
N / .. / N / N
2 / new nat proj
Tajikistan
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
UNDP Bratislava Regional Centre:
taking the lead
“Regionalization” of Global WatGov Strategy
– Continue Transboundary Waters portfolio
– Take on board “Adaptation to climate change”
– Promoting and supporting development of national
strategies on Water Supply & Sanitation
Mainstreamed into National IWRM Planning
UN regional and UNCT-coordination approach
HRBA and “action focus on local level”
New regional Programme on HRBA & Water
Governance
– Based on Protocol on Water & Health, needs
assessment (priority countries) and other regional
frameworks and foundations
– Aim at government support for national WSS
strategies
– Regional framework & national “model approach” for
UNDP Bratislava Regional Centre:
taking the lead (cont.)
Knowledge Management: WaterWiki
(http://WaterWiki.undp.sk)
– Maintain knowledge map and on-line
collaboration tool as tool for the regional
CoP
– Amend & integrate new features (rating &
vetting, who-is-who, better navigation, “my
Wiki”, and much more…)
– Test linkage with new (“web 2.0”)
technologies: SKYPE, Facebook, blogs, ...
– Strategic Partnerships and dynamic weblinking: UNECE River Basin Assessment 2,
EC Guideline on Water, etc.
UNDP Bratislava Regional Centre:
taking the lead (cont.)
Strategic partnerships & resource mobilization
– UNECE: Protocol on Water & Health (HRBA &
WatGov)
– EU Water Initiative (IWRM & WSS)
– OECD: WSS infrastructure feasibility study
– Cap-Net / GWP (capacity building, networking,
stakeholder platforms)
– UNDP’s Stockholm Water Governance Facility / SIWI
(expertise & support)
– (Potential) bilateral partners (Norway, Finland,
Switzerland, ..)
– OSCE/UNEP/REC/UNECE (ENVSEC)
– UNESCO/UNICEF/…?
Thank you!
http://europeandcis.undp.org/environmen
t
http://WaterWiki.undp.sk
United Nations Development Programme
Bratislava Regional Centre – Europe & CIS