Transcript Forestry: “Preparatory Study for Development of the Adaptation

“ENHANCE REGIONAL SEE COOPERATION IN THE FIELD OF
CLIMATE POLICY”
PREPARATORY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE
ADAPTATION STRATEGY FOR FORESTRY SECTOR IN
REPUBLIC OF SERBIA
Prof. dr Ratko Kadović
Aleksandar Vasiljević, dipl. ing. šum.
INTRODUCTION
The region of Serbia is characterized by the wealth of forest communities,
lowland, upland, mountainous and subalpine forests and the unique forest
ecosystems with a great number of endemic species of trees, shrubs, ground
flora and fauna. Some forest complexes have been designated as National
Parks and some are under various regimes of protection.
It is estimated that there are about 1000 plant communities in Serbia. Balkans
endemic species consist 8,06% of flora of Serbia (287 taxons), and local
endemic species 1,5% (59 species). Numerical and diversity of fauna, also, is
very high.
A big number of species are tertiary, glacial, boreal, droughty (arid), or steppe`s
relicts. The gorges and canyons of the east and the west part of Serbia are the
most important refuges of tertiary vegetation on Balkan Peninsula.
Between plant species, in Serbia are endangered about 600, and between
animal species, about 500 species of mammals, birds, amphibian animals,
reptiles and fishes.
Serbia`s forests are undergoing rapid change due to a warming
climate and large-scale disturbances. Thеsе changes has been
exacerbated by management policies and practices resulting in
forest simplification.
According that, we need to improve our knowledge of the
sensitivity of species and ecosystems to climate, to continue
provenance trials in different climatic regimes, and to develop
adaptive management strategies. Current initiatives to ensure
healthy forests, maintain biodiversity and minimize fragmentation
of habitat will help buffer the effects of climate changes.
According the results of the PRUDENCE Project (under the IPCC SRES
scenario A2), the change in mean annual temperature in Europe, shows
a general warming of several degrees by the end of he century.
In Serbia the mean annual temperature is expected to increase up to 44,5°C on the end of 21st century, and precipitation decrease vary
between 0-40%.
If the temperature increase is substantial, droughts, insect infestations
and fires could become more likely, and forest cover loss may occur and
persist while the new forest types migrate north. If the average global
temperature increase is 2 °C over the next 100 years, tree species will
have to migrate 1 to 3 miles every year, exept for trees whose seeds are
spread by birds (http://www.climatehotmap.org/impacts/).
OVERVIEW OF THE GENERAL CLIMATE POLICY IN SERBIA
- United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change was
adopted in 1992. Serbia and in the year 1997.
- Law of Ratification of the Kyoto Protocol
By Kyoto Protocol no new obligations were introduced to the developing countries. It means that
the Republic of Serbia, have no obligation of quantified reduction of emission of GHG, but the
possibility was allowed to accept voluntarily at any time such an obligation
-
Law of Ratification UN Convention to Combat Desertification
(Government Proposal)
Ministerial Conference on the Protection of Forests in Europe
(MCPFE)
OVERVIEW OF THE GENERAL CLIMATE POLICY IN SERBIA
- National Environmental Strategy
The principle of preservation of natural values
The principle of cross-sectoral integration
- National Environmental Action Plan
- Forest Development Strategy of the Republic of Serbia
Sustainability of forest and forestry development
Forest multi-functionality
Increase of forest area and productivity
Forest management
Attachment to international commitments and agreements
Forest degradation and environmental impact assessment
Conservation of forest health
Research, education and training
- The Spatial Plan of Serbia
ANALYSES OF THE FORESTRY SECTOR ADAPTATION
IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA
Area of forests and woodland is 2,654,577 ha.
Forest percentage is 26.7%.
56.2% is in state and public ownership and 43.8%
is private property.
State-owned forests, managed by PE "Srbijašume"
and PE "Vojvodinašume"
The present condition of the growing stock of
Serbia is characterised by insufficient forest percentage
and forest density, unfavourable forest structure from the
aspect of silvicultural form and tree species, insufficient
production fund, unfavourable stand condition,
unsatisfactory forest health state.
Estimated optimal forest percentage of 41.4 % .
The most represented tree species are beech
forests 27.6%, oak forests 24.6%, and other broadleaves
8%.
Forests per silvicultural form is as follows: high
natural forests 40%, coppice forests 35%, artificially
established stands 14%, scrub and brushland 11%.
ANALYSES OF THE FORESTRY SECTOR ADAPTATION
IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA
The Legal Framework
Nature Conservation Act
a.Constitution of the Republic of Serbia
b.Spatial Plan of the Republic of Serbia
c.Law on Environmental Protection ("Official Gazette of RS", No. 66/91, 83/92,
53/93, 67/93, 48/94, 53/95)
d.Law on National Parks ("Official Gazette of RS", No. 39/93, 44/93, 53/93, 67/93,
48/94)
e.Law on Fishing ("Official Gazette of RS", No. 35/94, 38/94)
Forest Act
a. Law on Forests ("Official Gazette of RS", No.46/91, 83/92, 54/93, 67/93 and
48/94, 54/96)
b.Law on Hunting ("Official Gazette of RS", No. 39/93, 44/93, 60/93)
c.Law on forest reproductive material ("Official Gazette of RS", No. 135/04).
ANALYSES OF THE FORESTRY SECTOR ADAPTATION
IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA
National Forest Inventory
Region
Vojvodina
Central Serbia
Kosovo i Metohija
SERBIA WITHOUT
KOSOVO
Total area
(ha)
2,151,800
5,595,300
1,091,200
Forest
area 1979
146,402
1,837,417
429,121
Forest area
2007 (ha)
154,000
2,098,400
20071993
7,598
260,983
?
7,747,100
1,983,819
2,252,400
268,581
forest area
in %
(2007)
7.2
37.5
29.1
ANALYSES OF THE FORESTRY SECTOR ADAPTATION
IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA
National Forest Action Plan
Forest Management and Climate Change
Forest Certification
FSC and PEFC
Systems of Silviculture
Forest percentage per regions Central Serbia
Deforestation
The previous inventory (1979)
The last inventory (2007)*
Optimal forest percentage**
Vojvodina KiM
6.6
39.4
7.2
?
14.3
?
32.0
37.5
49.8
Subotica
102
#
#
103
Novi Sad
#
#
106
105
104
#
The Forest Health Condition
ICPF Monitoring Program
#
Beograd 101
14
#
11
12
#
#
9#
5#
10
#
6
#
13#
#
49
45#
#
73
75#
#
1
2
23
#
#
#
26
# 30#
27#
24
#
#
#
3 15#
4
20 17
47 #
#
#
#
#
#
#
46 48 57
44#
55
50
#
74 52
53
19#
Kragujevac
18
#
#
#
#
21 41
56
#
60
58 59
#
#
#
#
#
29#
33
39 35#
#
#
28
42#
43
#
#
#
34
38#
40
64#
Krusevac
#
61
62 # 68#
51
65 63
76 78
77#
#
#
#
#
#
#
36
#
31
37
54
#
32
#
#
8#
16
#
7
67
#
66
#
72
#
#
#
71
70
#
Nis
80
#
#
82#
83 #
79
# 88#
81
#
69
86
#
87
#
85#
89
#
97#
100
#
#
96 99
98
#
#
91
#
#
90
95 #
Pirot
#
93 #
92
94 #
ANALYSES OF THE FORESTRY SECTOR ADAPTATION
IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA
The Forest Fires
Year
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Total
Average
Total number of fires in forests Total blazed surface area of
and on other forest land
forests and forest land
161
2901
85
1168
126
654
259
5675
116
1009
21
397
87
7016
56
884
124
1749
26
193
339
13201
54
877
134
4608
102
676
22
98
15
63
43
715
258
33229
2028
75113
112.7
4172.9
ANALYSES OF THE FORESTRY SECTOR ADAPTATION
IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA
Forestry Organization
-Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Water Management Forestry Directorate
-Ministry of environmental protection
-Public Enterprises for Forest Management Public Enterprises for
Forest
-Management – Srbijasume and Vojvodinasume
-Public Enterprises of National Parks
-Faculty of Forestry Belgrade
-Institute of Forestry - Belgrade
-Institute for Lowland Forestry and Environmental Protection in
Novi Sad
-Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia
ANALYSES OF THE FORESTRY SECTOR ADAPTATION
IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA
Forests and Disturbances
Registered gradations of Gypsy moth
Start
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
End
1862
1870
1882
1889
1898
1906
1911
1922
1930
1939
1947
1953
1963
1970
1984
1995
2003
Area under attack of various intensities (ha)
Duration
1865
1875
1885
1894
1900
1908
1914
1926
1935
1942
1949
1957
1966
1973
1987
1998
2006
3
5
3
5
2
2
3
4
5
3
2
4
3
3
3
3
3
Biodiversity, Socioeconomic Impacts
Year
2003
2004
2005
Area (ha)
163 000
360 000
64 000
ANALYSES OF THE FORESTRY SECTOR ADAPTATION
IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA
Elaboration of Adaptation Measures
Forest Management Strategies under Climate Change
- Identify the issues of concern and the degree of change in forests that would be considered a serious problem;
- Determine the sensitivity of forests to changes in climate, and the impacts of potential future climate changes;
- Develop management responses which include actions to be taken in the future, and actions required now to
facilitate future response;
- Monitor forests to determine if changes are taking places, and if thresholds for intervention have been reached.
Afforestation and Reforestation as Potential for Climate Change Mitigation –
Programmes in Serbia
year
ha
Average annual
1946-1954
1955-1960 1961-1965 1966-1970 1971-1975 1976-1980 1981-1985 1986-1990 1991-1995 1995-2000 2001-2004
31806
19636
31910
33247
29257
64722
73356
42526
24476
7380
4651
3976
3927
6382
6649
5851
12944
14671
8505
4895
1476
1163
ANALYSES OF THE FORESTRY SECTOR ADAPTATION
IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA
Identification of Needed Measures for Adaptation
1) Active forest management to promote forest adaptation
to climate change,
2) Afforestation and reforestation programmes,
3) Carbon Sequestration in Forests,
4) Assistance to urban and rural communities to adapt to
changing forest conditions.
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMENDATIONS
Technologies for Reducing GHG Emissions in the Forest Sector
Forest management practices that can restrain the rate of increase in
atmospheric CO2 can be grouped into three categories:
- management for carbon conservation;
- management for carbon sequestration and storage;
- management for carbon substitution.
Crucial Unknowns and Research Needs
1) short- and long-term monitoring of forest health, nutrition, greenhouse
gas absorption, changes of populations and communities, in addition to the
traditional growth and yield studies;
2) quantifying impacts and response mechanisms to environmental
stresses;
3) modelling impacts and risk assessment.
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMENDATIONS
Recommendation for the Forestry Sector
Active Forest Management to Promote Forest Adaptation
to Climate Change
Afforestation and reforestation programmes
Carbon Sequestration in Forests
Assistance to urban and rural communities to adapt to
changing forest conditions
Capacity Building
THANK YOU