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Do Now 9/23: Complete the diagram to compare prokaryotes and eukaryotes Pro Eu Pro Eu 80 S ribosomes 70s ribosomes Cell wall made of peptidoglycan Circular DNA Capsule No membrane bound organelles • • • • CSM Cytoplasm Ribosome DNA Cell wall (plants) made of cellulose Linear DNA Membrane bound organelles (nucleus, mito., Golgi, SER, RER, vesicles, lysosomes) Yes, mitochondria and chloroplasts contain 70S ribosomes and circular DNA, but we aren’t comparing mitochondria or chloroplasts vs prokaryotes Ch 1 Review Organelle sizes Organelle ~size Organelle ~size 70S ribosome 18 nm Nucleolus 2.5-5 µm 80S ribosome 25 nm Centriole (length) 0.5 µm Mitochondria (width) 1 µm Centriole (width) 150 nm Mitochondria (length) 2-3 µm Chloroplast 5 µm CSM 7 nm (thickness) Typical animal cell 10-30 µm Lysosome .1-.5 µm Typical plant cell 10-100 µm Golgi apparatus 2.5-3.5 µm ER (highly variable) 2-9 µm Nucleus 5-10 µm Organelle function • Cell surface membrane: partial permeable membrane surrounding ALL CELL (pro&eu) • Cytoplasm: aqueous fluid of ALL CELLS (pro&eu) • Mitochondria: carries out aerobic respiration to generate ATP (eu only) • Centriole: microtubule organizing center (animals only) • Cell wall: maintains cellular rigidity (ALL pro, ALL plants) • Vacuole: stores water and ions, maintains plant cell rigidity • Tonoplast: membrane surrounding central vacuole (plant only) Organelle function- EU only • Nucleus: contains DNA that regulates cell functions • Nucleolus: produces rRNA to assemble ribosomes • Nuclear envelope: double membrane that surrounds nucleus • Ribosomes (80S- EU, 70S-PRO): site of protein synthesis • Smooth ER: lipid (including steroid, hormones)synthesis • Rough ER: contains ribosomes, protein synthesis • Golgi apparatus: modification and packaging of cellular products (esp. proteins) • Golgi vesicles: transport products of Golgi (in and out of cell) • Lysosomes: metabolize (break down) old organelles, cells, bacteria and viruses • Using a stage micrometer scale, one unit of an eyepiece graticule was calculated as 0.005 mm. The diameter of a spongy mesophyll cell was counted as 3.5 units on the eyepiece graticule. What is the estimate of the diameter of the cell? • Using a stage micrometer scale, one unit of an eyepiece graticule was calculated as 0.005 mm. The diameter of a spongy mesophyll cell was counted as 3.5 units on the eyepiece graticule. What is the estimate of the diameter of the cell? • 17.5 µm • The diagram shows a stage micrometer viewed with an eyepiece graticule scale, using a magnification of ×400. • Using the same magnification, a chloroplast is measured and found to be 4 eyepiece graticule divisions long. How long (in µm)is the chloroplast? • What would be the observed size (in mm)of the chloroplast? • The diagram shows a stage micrometer viewed with an eyepiece graticule scale, using a magnification of ×400. • Using the same magnification, a chloroplast is measured and found to be 4 eyepiece graticule divisions long. How long (in µm)is the chloroplast? 10µm • What would be the observed size (in mm)of the chloroplast? 4mm • The diagram shows a mitochondrion drawn from an electronmicrograph. The length of the mitochondrion from X to Y is 3000nm. What is the magnification of the drawing? • (on paper, XY=30mm) • The diagram shows a mitochondrion drawn from an electronmicrograph. The length of the mitochondrion from X to Y is 3000nm. What is the magnification of the drawing? 10,000x • (on paper, XY=30mm)