Transcript Global Economy and Extreme Poverty

Global Warming
how to help slow it down
Dr. Sandra Cruz-Pol
•Professor Electrical and Computer Engineering
•CLiMMATe Lab Director (Cloud Microwave Measurements of
ATmospheric Events)
• UPRM-PI for the Center for Collaborative Adaptive Sensing of the
Atmosphere (CASA)
UPRM Campus Verde
2009
This presentation can be found at:
http://ece.uprm.edu/~pol/outreach
______________________________
Materials for Teachers:
http://ece.uprm.edu/~pol/maestros
*Please give proper credit.
Documentales recomendados:
1. The Story of Stuff : 20 mins, free @
www.storyofstuff.com
2. Too Hot not to Handle: 50min
3. Who Killed the Electric Car?4. An Inconvenient Truth5. Renewable Energy
6. Human Footprint- National Geographic,
YouTube
7. Home, available on the web (1.5 hrs)
Global warming. . .
1. Is not a Theory; is a Fact.*
2. Is happening right now*
3. Scientific consensus: is caused mainly beause
of human activity, like emissions of CO2.*
4. Some of its consequences are irreversibles!*
* According
to the most recent report of the
UN-IPCC 4th 2007.
Coasts of Puerto Rico
If we continue with business as usual
Human Activities
For example:
• CO2 emissions to the atmosphere: cars, electricity,
water
• Deforestation – construction
• Contamination
• other emitted gases like Methane, NOx
Global Warming
Lake Chad
Was the 6th largest
lake in the World!
A study by U.
Wisconsin-Madison
and NASA's EOS, the
lake is now 1/20th of
the size it was 35
years ago.
W. Africa (Chad,
Niger, Nigeria, &
Cameroon), the
region has suffered
from an increasingly
dry climate,
experiencing decline
in rain since early
1960s.
We are causing Extreme poverty in Africa
due to our emissions which accounts for
25% of all world emissions compared to
Africa’s 3%.
The Ethical Dimension of
Climate Change
• "If sea levels rise at the rates they are predicting, we may see
hundreds of millions of refugees"
"Where will they go? Who will take them in?
• What does it mean about immigration regulations?"
• "The future will be catastrophic for all communities, for all countries,
but particularly for those who have already been identified as
particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change," Specially
small island states which might disappear entirely under the rising
ocean.
"It is a moral obligation, beyond political obligation or economic
obligation, to help countries like Tuvalu and small island developing
states, and of course the least developed countries,"
• "We have to do something urgently."
Social impacts
• Sub-Saharan Africa produces
about 3% of the world’s
greenhouse gases, yet…
• Its climate and ecological
systems have already been
altered by global warming
and will undergo further
damage in the years ahead.
www.un.org
Demonstrators in Nairobi, Kenya,
protest failure of developed
countries to curb emissions of
greenhouse gases.
A 2006 report by
economist Sir
Nicholas Stern
suggests that
global warming
could shrink the
global economy
by 20%!
CO2 in the atmosphere
Years: 1960-2000
CO2 in Atmosphere
Years: 1000 -2100
ICE
AGE,
T was
only
6oC
Global average temperature
Years: 1860-2000
}
Cold due to sulfuric emissions: (1940-1970)
which caused lung cancer, asthma & acid rain
Clean Air Act
Several scenarios
En estas gráficas
se compara los
modelos naturales
y antropogénicos
con las medidas
reales.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared
/spl/hi/sci_nat/04/climate_ch
ange/html/climate.stm
Adverse Consequences of
global warming:
• Polar caps melt
– Sea level rise
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Extreme temperatures
Cyclones/tornadoes
Drought / floods
Disease
Agriculture losses
Water (potable) scarcity
Extinction of animal species, corals, vegetation
Worst case scenario: stop ocean conveyor belt
Worst Case Scenario: abrupt change
IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)
Due to change
in salinity, if
Artic keeps
melting, this
current could
stop, creating
a small ice
age in Europe
and North
America.
Worst case scenario:
Ocean conveyor belt stops
Due to change in salinity, if Artic keeps melting, this current could stop, creating a small
ice age in Europe and North America. [IPCC]
Kilimanjaro (Tanzania, Africa)
30 years later…
Patagonia (Argentina)
Longest Glacier in S.A.
1928
2004
Costa Rica
First official lost species due to Global warming:
golden toad
Female
Male
Not so PERMAfrost…
Erosión de las playas
Rincón
antes
Puerto Rico
antes
antes
Créditos: Prof. Aurelio Mercado, Ciencias Marinas
Rincón
después
Créditos: Prof. Aurelio Mercado, Ciencias Marinas
Luquillo
Créditos: Prof. Aurelio Mercado, Ciencias Marinas
Icebergs with caves = broken food chain
60% of krill population killed
because of this.
Krill are small
shrimp-like
crustaceans
zooplankton,
food for baleen
whales, mantas,
whale sharks,
seals, and a few
seabird species
Asuntos Políticos
• Oil Industry : lobbyist
• Gobiernos alterando evidencia científica
– (e.g. NASA climatólogo, Jim Hansen)
• Costo real de energía Nuclear
– versus costo de energía limpia como solar o viento
– Riesgos de salud, desperdicios radioactivos
• Carro Eléctrico tecnología desde 1995, destruido
en 2003.
On top of this…
New blooming
economies want to live
their own version of the
“American Dream”.
Example: in China, the traditional bicycle lane was closed to
lay way to an extra automobile lane. India is now also
flourishing economically and greatly increasing their CO2
emissions.
World Population Growth
2000
6
1987
It took all human history to
reach 1 billion in 1800.
5
1975
4
1960
1930
2
1800
1
0
10,000 BC
5,000 BC
Year 0
1000
2000
billions
3
The Good News is that…
we can make
a difference …
While saving $$$
Ahorra $$$,
…Salva el planeta
Everytime we use:
• electricy
• gasoline
• products
• water
We send emissions to the
atmosphere that warms it more.
Water
Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico
Dry Season
Wet Season
In PR global warming is expected to
decrease rain by 10-20%!
Water
• When we save water,
we save $ and CO2
emissions
• Buy shower head of
1.6gpm
Paper use
• Print on both sides, minimize color.
• Use recycle paper, 100% post-consumer
• Cancel Catalogs
• Subscribe to online magazines, Pay online
Avoid millions of tree from being chop down
Zinio.com
Reforestation
• Plant trees
– Lower your home temperature up to
10F!,
– Increase value of your property!
– Reduce CO2 emissions
*El Fideicomiso te regala 200
árboles gratis!
Small changes, make a big difference:
Products
Buy Less!
• Consumerism is affecting the environment
immensely. Save Money!
• Products generate emissions when manufactured.
– Generate trash, toxics.
– Many can’t be recycled
– Are designed to last little to make you buy more.
If DEMAND goes down, PRODUCTIÓN goes down
This is why REDUCE is sooo important.
www.thestoryofstuff.com
Rechargable Batteries
(4 AA + 4 AAA)
Saves $100+ for each one!
*
*Las recargables de pueden usar entre 100 a 1000 veces dependiendo del tipo, y cuesta
sólo par de centavos recargarlas. Nunca eches ningún tipo de batería al zafacón, tienen
muchos tóxicos que dañan el ambiente. Recíclalas en OfficeMax, RUM, y otros centros
de acopio.
Don’t throw batteries in the trash!
• They contain many toxics,
heavy metals like mercury
that poison our water, when
it rains on the landfills.
• Recycle them.
• Use rechargable batteries.
Save $100 on EACH!.
Busca la lista de centros de acopio de baterías en http://campusverde.uprm.edu
Styrofoam
• Generate many toxic gases & CO2 during
their production.
• Are NOT biodegradable, are prohibited in
many cities in the U.S.
Styrofoam cuesta $$$…
Avoid using disposable dinnerware
(Styrofoam® , Plásticos o Papel)
*Vajilla = $7k=10k monthly savings @RUM
Cafeteria.
Eat less Meat
• Methane gas is 20x stronger than CO2
• Could be captured and used as fuel.
Landfields produce
it.
Cattle farms produce it.
“…raising animals for food
generates more greenhouse gases
than all the cars and trucks in the
world combined”. 2006 U.N. report
According to a 2006 study by U. of Chicago;
Eating a vegan diet prevents the equivalent of 1.5 tons of CO2
emissions every year, more than the 1 ton of CO2 emissions prevented
by switching from a typical large sedan to a Toyota Prius.
So why does meat cause so much global warming?
• Growing feed for farmed animals requires intense use of synthetic fertilizer, which
releases N2O– a far stronger greenhouse gas than even CO2 .
• The tens of billions of farmed animals of the world produce massive amounts of
flatulence and liquid manure, which release large amounts of methane into the
atmosphere as well as forming nitrous oxide, both of which are powerful green
house gases.
• Heating buildings that house farm animals – emission of green house gases
•
"Rearing Cattle Produces More Greenhouse Gases Than Driving Cars, UN Report Warns," UN News Centre, 29 Nov.
2006.
Agua necesaria para producir una libra de:
7000
Libras de Agua Necesarias
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
carne
papas
trigo
maíz
http://www.usatoday.com/news/graphics/plastics/flash.htm
arroz
The Water link…
• To produce 1 lb of MEAT
– You need 1,000-12,000 lbs of
Water!
• To produce 1 lb of potatoes,
wheat, corn and rice
– You need 60, 108, 168, 229 pounds
of water, respectively
According to a 2006 study by U. Chicago;
• Changing to vegetarian saves more emisions (1.5
tons CO2 annual)
• Than changing from a large car to a Toyota Prius!
(ahorro 1 ton de CO2 anual)
Recycla, Reuse , Reduce:
•
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cardboard
Plastic
Aluminum cans
Glass
Bateries
Water
Cooking oil
leaves
Methane
MBytes
Centro de reciclaje en Cabo Rojo:
WR Recycling Inc.
Carr103 Km 2.3 Bajura Cabo Rojo
538-1486, 255-4772
Compra Aluminio, vidrio y cartón
No acepta plásticos.
Oil Energy 832-5757
Recicla aceite usado
Ponce Resources en Mayaguez
824-3503
CC Reciclaje del Norte, Hatillo
Carr2 Km 88.1, 262-0305
What should I buy?
• Reduced packaging
• Concentrated Products
*All packages need large amounts of
energy to be produces, and many emit
tons of CO2 in the atmosphere
annually.
X3
x1
Compost
• Recycle leaves, and
other waste
• It’s better for your
health and the
environment.
• Organic food (better
health, less Br)
What should I buy?
• A fiberglass pool
employs 1/3 of the
energy than a
concrete pool.
Save Mbytes!
• Saves materials & energy
How? Cut each
Picture, then
Paste Special in
JPG or GIF
Format.
OR> Right-click on figure, press Format Figure, Compress , All, or
change with Paste Special to Jpeg or gif Format. Save a lot of
space on your USB memory sticks! Up to 20x!!
Gasoline
Increase your MPG
[MPG = miles per gallon]
Car Accelaration
optimum
smaller MPG
MPG
Pression on pedal
Don’t press gas pedar too much.
Learn to drive at optimum accelaration.
Improve your MPG
Optimum
Speed
1. Use minimum acceleration
2. Drive less, combine trips
3. Don’t leave your car on > 1min
4. Remove excess loads
5. Park on the shade
6. Tune-up your car & keep tires inflated
7. Consider a hybrid car
8. Turn off A/C when driving uphill & in good weather
9. Avoid holes
10. Use Overdrive
*http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_vehicles/fuel_economy/pra
ctical-driving-tips.html
Every gallon saves 20 pounds of CO2 emissions!
What’s the optimum speed?
• Respect speed limits and save $
Velocidad óptima
55
Hybrids Cars
Save $6,000
in 5 years*
Takes into account initial costs and gas cost at $0.65 per gasoline liter.
Electricity
Puerto Rico used 3 times more electricity per
person than in Spain! Yet, quality of life is not
better.
DMSP
Electric appliances use electricity
even when turned off.
They’re called Phamton Loads!
Some examples
Sum of the phantom loads is
55W, which is 40 kWh/mo!
Save $5 - $50 a month
when: unplug appliances
when not using them.
Use a power strip to connect
several appliances then you
can turn them off all at the
same time.
• Turn off printer &
speakers when
not in use.
• Unplugged them
every night.
Computers
• Turn off PC if you
will not use it in
1hr or more.
• ¡Don’t let the
adaptor plugged
in!!!
Cellphone chargers
• Don’t leave the
charger
connected!
• Uses 70-95% of
the energy as if
charging.
Inside of an adapter
Myth vs. Reality: turning on and
off appliances, damages them.
FALSE! That was 2 decades
ago. Unplug and save!
What should I buy?
• a laptop uses 1/3 of the electricity of a desktop!
versus
And it doesn’t need a UPS.
What should I buy?
Plasma
LCD
LCD uses 1/3 less energy than a
Plasma TV!
Compact fluorescent Lights
(CFL)
Save $150 per lightbulb
during its life
• Use 1/4 electricity.
• Last 10 times more.
www.energystar.gov/ia/business/bulk_purchasing/bpsavings_calc/Calc_CFLs.xls
A/C
If you use air conditioner, set the
temperature 1-2 degrees less cold, this
will save $ and many emissions.
A window fan
brings in fresh air from
outside.
Save $25 /month
for each A/C unit!
What should I
buy?
It’s worth buy
appliances that are
energy efficient.
¡Compare!
Saves
$10-60/ mo. each!!
What should I buy?
A solar water heater
• Saves $40-$100/mo.
• Lasts 30+ years!
What should I buy?
• GAS appliances save
$25-$50/month!
• Using a clothlines, saves
even more.
Electric Bill: AEE…(house of 4)
 Average Consumption:
$260
1390 kWh
Electric Bill: :
After eliminationg Electric
phamtons & changing some CFL
$195
(1160 kWh)
Electric Bill:
After using 3 fans instead of 3 A/C
$113
(690 kWh)
Electric Bill:
Factura
de AEE:
After
installing
a solar
water heater
$74
(400 kWh)
Every day
solutions
Living Green
is about changing our patterns of
consumption and seeking out greener,
natural and ethical alternatives to every
conceivable type of product and service.
It’s about buying more wisely, consuming
less, wasting less, thinking through the
consequences of our purchases.
It’s about reducing our impact on the planet
and our fellows by making choices that are
better for us, better for the environment,
and better for other people.
haz la diferencia
deja tu huella
It doesn’t preach, but it does show that
there is a way forward to one-planet,
sustainable living, a means to combat
climate change and a way to protect the
world’s scarce resources.
http://www.greenguide.co.uk/
Greenhouse Gases in the
Atmosphere
We only have ONE planet.
Let’s use its resources
efficiently so that we can
all benefit from it.
It’s our moral responsability…
Don’t eat
pesticides!
…nor herbicides, fertilizers chemicals or insecticides.
These chemicals damage the ozone layer and emit GHG.
¿Por qué Orgánico?
Son productos sembrados sin fertilizantes químicos,
plaguicidas, herbicidas ni insecticidas.
– Sólo composta e insecticidas naturales.
• Los pesticidas artificiales contienen Bromuro:
– el cual daña la capa de ozono y empeora el Calentamiento
Global.
• Los fertilizantes artificiales contienen Nitrógeno:
– el cual es un gas de invernadero y empeora el Calentamiento
Global.
Cleaning Products
• Usa productos de limpieza que no dañen el
entorno natural.
• Evita usar cloro, y otros productos que dañan el
ambiente y a la larga nos envenenan nuestra
salud y el entorno natural (fauna, flora, cuerpos de
agua), causando asma, y otras enfermedades.
• Ahorras$$ usando: vinagre, polvo de soda, borax,
limón para limpiar.
Avoid plastic or
paper bags!
• Plastic bags are made out of petroleum, & take over 100 yrs to
biodegrade. Were banned in Uganda, China & Irlanda.
China will save 37 millions barrils of oil every year.
• Paper bags foment desforestation
• Less than 1% are recycled
• Damage wildlife.
Usa bolsas re-usables
•
•
•
•
Las bolsas plásticas están hechas de
petróleo, y tardan más de 100 años en
biodegradarse. Las prohibieron en
Uganda, China e Irlanda.
En China se ahorrarán anualmente 37
millones de barriles de petróleo
debido a la prohibición de las bolsas
plásticas.
En algunas tiendas si usas su bolsa de
tela te devuelven dinero.
(ej. Vitamin World te devuelve $1 cada
vez que usas su bolsa de canvas en
compras de $10 o más).
Anualmente, miles de tortugas, anguilas y
otros animales mueren debido a que se comen
las bolsas plásticas y vasos plásticos creyendo
que son agua viva.
DRY Cleaning
Utiliza muchos químicos (percloroetileno) que dañan el sistema nervioso, afectando
al trabajador de la lavandería y a tu salud. Además contaminan el ambiente.
Se ha relacionado a incidencia de cáncer
www.ehponline.org/docs/2005/8425/abstract.html
Antibacterial soaps are
helping to promote growth of
resistant bacteria, according
to a 2000 World Health
Organization report.
Anti-bacterial
Contribuye a que las bacterias creen resistencia a antibióticos (“super bugs”)
Desechable
Aumenta los desperdicios en el vertedero, por lo tanto a más gas metano!
El metano atrapa 20 veces más calor en la atmósfera que el CO2
RECICLA BIEN:
NO sorbetos
NO vasos
Sólo plástico #1 y #2
We do not inherit the Earth
from our ancestors.
We borrow it
from our children.
- Native-american Proverb
Book References:
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The End of Poverty by Jeffrey Sachs
Weather Makers by Tim Flannery
An Inconvenient Truth by Al Gore
The World is Flat by Thomas Friedman
Global Warming by Chris Spence
Pathologies of Power, Paul Farmer
Mini Atlas of Global Development, The World Bank
Economics of Climate Change, Sir Nick Stern
Web References…
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www.nasa.gov
www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/globalwarming
www.povertymap.net
www.unmillenniumproject.org
www.st-edmunds.cam.ac.uk
www.noaa.gov
www.ucsusa.org
www.borgenproject.org
www.unicef.org
www.energyhog.org FUN!! (PC games)
cacique.uprm.edu/aceer
Más información en
• http://campusverde.uprm.edu