Transcript V00d*_ppt
Präsentation des „Stern Report“ der UK-Regierung am 30.10.2006 in HM Treasury: Quelle: „Stern Report“, UK-Government, neue Adresse (2007.11 AD): http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk./independent_reviews/stern_review_economics_climate_change/stern_review_report.cfm UrQuelle der Original-Vortragsfolien + SpeakingNotes: http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/media/987/6B/Slides_for_Launch.pdf http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/media/99D/3D/sternreview_speakingnotes.pdf Lokal: SternReview_on-theEconomics-ofClimateChange-CC_2006ppt.pdf SternReview_on-theEconomics-ofClimateChange-CC_2006_ppt_SpeakingNotes.pdf Quelle: „Stern Report“Folie 2, UK-Government: http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/media/987/6B/Slides_for_Launch.pdf Quelle: „Stern Report“, Folie3: http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/media/987/6B/Slides_for_Launch.pdf Bemerkungen: 1. Red lines show ranges to studies IPCC(2001) and Hadley (2004) Grey bars give the range of existing studies. 2. Recognise the lags in these processes. We are currently adding around 2.5 ppm/a CO2_equ of GHGs and the current stock of all GHGs is 430 ppm CO2_equ And these stocks affect temperatures with a lag: already committed to at least ½ºC more in the next few decades from emissions we have already made. The slide shows eventual temperature increases corresponding to different levels of stabilised stocks. 3. At the upper end of the ranges, the climate is entering very dangerous territory. Thus the risk analysis must include the possibility of very powerful effects. 5. Zielvorgabe: between somewhere 450 and 550 ppm CO2_equ Quelle: „Stern Report“, Speaking Notes zu Folie 3 der Präsentation Schlussfolgerung: Given where we are (stock 430ppm and adding 2.5ppm/a); given the obvious dangers of going over 550ppm, this strongly suggests that we should aim somewhere between 450 and 550 ppm CO2_equ. Quelle: „Stern Report“, Speaking Notes zu Folie 3 der Präsentation Falling -1 bis -3%/a Quelle: „Stern Report“, Folie 4: http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/media/987/6B/Slides_for_Launch.pdf costs Costs of reducing emissions to stabilize between 450 and 550 ppm CO2equiv • Costs of doing nothing (BAU): Stern calculates, damages from BAU would be equivalent to at least 5 and up to 20% of consumption a year, depending on the types of risks and effects included. • Costs and benefits of taking action: around 1% The costs of getting to 550 or below, are of GDP per year. It is like a one-off increase by 1% in the price level. That is manageable; We can grow and be green. • New Opportunities, new Markets: There will be new markets worth 100‘s of G$/a . Economically speaking: Mitigation is a very good deal. BAU, on the other hand, will eventually derail growth. Quelle: „Stern Report“, Speaking Notes zu Folie 4 der Präsentaioon Action is necessary across all sectors, if the required reductions are to be achieved. Quelle: „Stern Report“, Folie5: http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/media/987/6B/Slides_for_Launch.pdf Different policies, but there are Some clear and broad Principles 1. Establish a carbon price via tax, trade and regulation. 2. Promote Technology: through research and development. Private sector investors need confidence that there will be markets for their products 3. Deal with Market Failure , e.g.: * problems in property and capital markets inhibit investments for energyefficiency. * sticks and carrots of incentives need to be supported by information. * understanding of the issues can itself change the behaviour of individuals and firms. Quelle: „Stern Report“, Speaking Notes zu Folie 5 der Präsentation 1. Carbon Preis: Subtile Flexibilität im Detail 2 Beispiele • Narrow Corridor for emission paths but flexibility in approach (a)The economics of risk says the dangers of over-shooting imply the need for a clear long-term quantitative goal, which drives the emissions path into a fairly narrow corridor. (b)The economics of cost requires flexibility as to how, where and when we reduce emissions whilst staying in that corridor. • Trading means there is a difference between what emissions reduction you fund and what you do yourself. Buying abroad may get you more mitigation for your money and the process can provide financial flows into developing countries. Quelle: „Stern Report“, Speaking Notes zu Folie 5 der Präsentation Carbon Preis: Unterliegt gegenwärtig dem EU Emissionshandel Quelle: „Stern Report“, Folie 6: http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/media/987/6B/Slides_for_Launch.pdf Marktpotential für CO2 Emissionshandel Ausweitung des ETS Nach dem EU –Emissionshandel System (ETS) werden gegenwärtig die CO2 - Emissionen aus dem Kraftwerks- und Industriebereich gehandelt. Nach 2012 , in der 3. Phase, könnte man das System auf andere Regionen ausweiten. Eine Ausweitung auf die Top 20 Global Emitters ergäbe eine Verfünffachung des Handelsvolumens. With international trade and common prices we can get more reduction for a given cost. 2. Technology: Technology: 1. Research and development in the energy sector has halved since the early 1980s. That trend must be reversed, and ideas must be shared. 2. We need larger cross-border markets for low carbon technologies to drive deployment and bring down costs. ADAPTATION • Much climate change is already on the way. All countries have to adapt. • Much of adaptation is the building of resilience and flexibility, in other words sustainable development itself is the best adaptation for poor countries. • Better information and crops , that withstand heat, drought and floods can be developed internationally. • Adaptation will cost poor countries 10‘s of G$ /a more for the necessary infrastructure alone. • We must do all in our power, difficult though that is, to ensure delivery on the ODA* commitments ( for the EU: 0.7% of GDP by 2015) of Monterrey 2002 and EU and the Gleneagles summit of the G8 last year. * ODA = Overseas Development Aid=Entwicklungshilfe Quelle: „Stern Report“, Speaking Notes vor Folie 7 der Präsentation The trend of ODA is upwards. Meeting the commitment (0,7%) could support requirements for adaptation.a ODA=Overseas Development Aid; GNI = gross National Income =Brutto Inlansprodukt (BIP)? Quelle: „Stern Report“, Folie 7: http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/media/987/6B/Slides_for_Launch.pdf Quelle: „Stern Report“, UK-Government, neue Adresse (2007.11 AD): http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk./independent_reviews/stern_review_economics_climate_change/stern_review_report.cfm UrQuelle der Original-Vortragsfolien + SpeakingNotes: http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/media/987/6B/Slides_for_Launch.pdf http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/media/99D/3D/sternreview_speakingnotes.pdf Quelle: „Stern Report“, Folie 8: