Transcript An Overview of Climate Scenarios in Tanzania

The REDD Agenda in Tanzania
– Lessons
Professor Pius Yanda
Director, Institute of Resource Assessment
& Mwalimu Julius Nyerere Chair in Environment and
Climate Change, University of Dar Es Salaam
Background
 Climate change is a challenge facing human
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society in the 21st century.
It is now affecting both natural and social
systems.
African continent is affected most.
Climate changed is caused by global warming
This is associated with human induced green
house gas emissions
Carbon dioxide being the most significant gas.
Background
 IPCC established that about 20% of the emitted
carbon dioxide is through deforestation
 Mainly in the tropical regions including Tanzania
 Efforts to reduce rate of deforestation would
significantly reduce the amount of carbon dioxide
emitted through deforestation.
 At UNFCCC COP 13 in December 2007, it was
agreed that Reducing Emissions from
Deforestation and Degradation (REDD) should
be considered for inclusion in a future protocol.
Why Tanzania Engage on REDD+
 Tanzania has a total area of about 94.5
million ha
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88.6 million ha are covered by landmass
The rest is water bodies.
 A total of 35.3 million ha of forestland
 6 million ha comprise of reserved forests,
 2 million ha are forests in national parks
 17.3 million ha (49% of all forestland) are
unprotected forests in General Land.
Why Tanzania Engage on REDD+
 Forests in General Land are ‘open access’, characterized
by;
unsecured land tenure,
 shifting cultivation,
 annual wild fires,
 harvesting of wood fuel,
 poles and timber,
 heavy pressure for conversion to other competing land
uses, such as agriculture, livestock grazing, settlements
and industrial development.
 The rate of deforestation is estimated at 412,000 ha per
annum
 Taking place mostly in the General Land forests.
 Efforts towards forest conservation aim at reversing this
trend.
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Why Tanzania Engage on REDD+
 In Tanzania, the main sources of finance for
forest management are currently:
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charges levied on the major forest products and
services,
state budget allocation to the forestry
administration, and
development partners’ grants for forestry projects.
 The limited financial resources require new
sources of investment in forest management
outside these traditional channels.
Components of REDD+
 Reducing emissions from deforestation
 Reducing emissions from forest degradation
 Conservation of forest Carbon stocks
 Sustainable management of forest
 Enhancement of forest Carbon stocks
Opportunities
 REDD has potential for contributing to national
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foreign income.
REDD can promote rural development and
contribute to the efforts of reducing poverty of the
majority.
But also REDD can mitigate climate change
challenges,
REDD can enhance biodiversity conservation
and ecosystem stability.
REDD provides ecosystem based adaptation
Challenges
 Heavy dependency on natural resources for
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livelihoods and economic development
REDD based land use system changes
Misinterpretation of policies
Poor law enforcement e.g in preventing illegal logging
Lack of regular, reliable, specific and accurate data
for computing baseline emissions
Lack of equitable benefit sharing mechanisms
Conflicting interests among various stakeholders in
developing and implementing REDD initiatives
Addressing the Key Challenges
 In response to these challenges, Norway
launched an International Climate and Forest
Initiative (ICFI) in 2007, with a global
commitment towards REDD efforts at
international and national levels.
 The Climate Change Partnership between
Norway and Tanzania, which was signed in
April 2008, is part of this global initiative to
support REDD initiative in Tanzania.
REDD Initiative in Tanzania
 The Task Force comprises of 7 members,
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3 from Vice President’s Office (VPO-DoE)
3 from Ministry of Natural Resources and
Tourism (MNRT – FBD)
1 from Zanzibar and
 The National REDD Secretariat:
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Institute of Resource Assessment (IRA),
University of Dar es Salaam
 The National REDD Framework
The Draft National
REDD+ Strategy
 Objectives of the Strategy
 Key Intervention Areas
Goal:
 The main goal of the National REDD+
Strategy is: to facilitate effective and
coordinated implementation of REDD+
related policies, processes and activities so
as to contribute to climate change agenda
and overall sustainable development.
Objective:
 National REDD+ Strategy is expected to
guide;
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the implementation and coordination of
mechanisms required for Tanzania to benefit
from a post-2012 internationally approved
system for forest carbon trading
This will be based on demonstrated emission
reductions from deforestation and forest
degradation.
Structure of the Strategy Document
 Chapter One: The Introductory Chapter
 Chapter Two: Describes in a nutshell the Strategy development
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process.
Chapter Three: provides an overview of the forest estate in
Tanzania and highlights some of the major efforts made to
conserve it in an increasingly participatory manner.
Chapter Four: Gives an overview of forest governance for
REDD+,
Chapter Five: Outlines the modalities for baseline
establishment, monitoring, verification and reporting.
Chapter Six : Illustrates the key strategic elements for REDD+
implementation in Tanzania.
Finally, Chapter Seven provides a framework for Strategic
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment of the Strategy
and highlights some of the potential risks that may face the
country as it implements the National REDD+ Strategy.
Policy Relevance
 The National REDD+ Strategy in Tanzania has been
developed based on the National Framework for REDD
developed in 2009. The framework is based on the objectives
of reducing emissions related to deforestation and forest
degradation as well as reducing poverty of forest dependent
communities.
 The REDD+ Strategy is closely linked to the current national
growth and development strategies such as the National
Growth and Poverty Reduction Strategy Programme
(MKUKUTA), the National Forest Programme and other
strategies which contribute to effective conservation and
utilization of Tanzania’s natural and renewable resources and
improving the livelihoods of its people.
The Process:
 The strategy development process has
undergone three phases:
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A Preliminary analytical phase,
A Strategic analysis and Piloting phase
A Consolidation phase
Knowledge Building:
 This involved the scoping studies to;
 identify potentials for REDD+ in Tanzania,
 access capacities for REDD+ implementation,
 identify gaps and issues to be addressed.
 In this stage institutional structures were established
 REDD+ Task Force
 Secretariat.
 A National REDD+ Framework was also developed.
 Study tours were conducted in Brazil, Australia and
Norway
 Lessons learned from these tours have been
reflected in this Strategy.
Stakeholders’ Consultations:
 A series of awareness raising and consultative
meetings were conducted nationwide.
 The REDD+ consultation plan divided the country
into 8 zones, including Zanzibar, and held
meetings with people working in forestry and
agriculture.
 The Task Force and IRA visited communities
practicing participatory forest management
(PFM), a key REDD+ entry point.
 SWOT Analysis for establishing and
implementing REDD+ in Tanzania
Key Intervention Areas (Matrices):
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REDD+ baseline scenario, monitoring, reporting and
verification framework
Financial mechanisms and incentive schemes
Stakeholders engagement in the REDD+ implementation
process
Coordination of REDD+ schemes
Understanding carbon market options
Governance mechanism for REDD+
Training programme and Infrastructure for REDD+
Current knowledge and scientific understanding of the target
forests and adjacent communities improved through research
An effective information and knowledge communication system
on REDD+ issues
10. REDD+ strategy options for addressing drivers of D&D
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National REDD Strategy – Next Steps
 Shared with key stakeholders (vertically and
horizontally)
 Shared with expert groups (Technical
Working Group)
 Synthesis of lessons learned from the pilot
projects
 Prepare action plan
 Submission to the government for approval
Technical Working Group
 The proposed technical groups include:
 Legal
& Governance
 Monitoring, Reporting and Verification
(MRV)
 Financial Mechanism (REDD Fund)
 Energy drivers
 Agriculture Drivers
Thank You!