Transcript ppt - geo-tasks.org

Office for Outer Space Affairs
United Nations Office at Vienna
International Disaster Research Programmes:
From research to resilience
Juan Carlos Villagran de Leon,
UN-SPIDER
GEOSS S&T Stakeholder Workshop "GEOSS:
Supporting Science for the Millennium
Development Goals and Beyond",
Bonn, Germany,
August 28—31, 2012
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A Historical perspective: The 1990s
Research efforts targeted
hazards, but began to include
vulnerability and risk.
The International Decade for Natural
Disaster Reduction IDNDR
The Global Seismic Hazard Assessment
Programme (GSHAP)
The notion was put forward
that the frameworks of
development used by
developing countries were not
addressing the root causes of
disasters.
The Latin American Network of Social
Studies focusing on the Prevention of
Disasters launched in 1992.
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By 2004…
Research conducted
by international
organizations
Research fuelled by
the 26 December
2004 tsunami
UNDP-BCPR generated its report
Reducing Disaster Risk, a
Challenge for Development
(disaster-risk index, relative
vulnerability)
The World Bank launched its
flagship publication: Natural
Disaster Hotspots: A Global Risk
Analysis.
Improvements on tsunami early
warning; more comprehensive
tsunami risk assessment; etc
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Users of such global risk information?
Donor
community
National
Governments
Using results of global risk assessments
as a way to prioritize funding efforts…
but not all developing countries share
the same views…
As a way to raise awareness on the need
for technical assistance.
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The 2005 World Conference on Disaster
Reduction
As an outcome of
the World
Conference on
Disaster Reduction
held in Kobe, Japan
(Jan. 2005); The
Hyogo Framework
for Action (HFA)
was launched.
Governments reiterate that risk
management is a national responsibility.
The HFA promotes 5 priority areas,
including:
• The adoption of policies at the national
level targeting risk management;
• The assessment or risks as the way to
identify disaster-risk reduction efforts.
Research programmes begin to tackle
the root causes of risks which lead to
disasters.
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… following up on some efforts
The Global Seismic
Hazard Assessment
Programme
The Global Earthquake Model, now focusing
on seismic risk.
The Latin American
Network of Social
Studies focusing on
Disasters begins to
address this issue.
The Network continues to be active,
researching links between risks, climate
change and sustainable development
ISDR and the HFA
ISDR requesting, under the HFA, progress
reports on advances at country level.
http://www.globalquakemodel.org
http://www.desenredando.org/
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Ongoing international research efforts
ICSU & ISSC
Integrated Research on Disaster Risk (IRDR)
IHDP
Integrated Risk Governance Project
http://www.icsu.org/publications/reports-and-reviews/IRDRscience-plan
http://www.irg-project.org
EC – FP7
Several ongoing projects: emBRACE, KULTURisk;
Disaster, Chorist, Oasis, SYNER-G, Matrix, etc.
IPCC
Recently incorp0rated research on the links between
climate change and disaster-risks.
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Research efforts – geospatial information
GEO project
Caribbean Flood Pilot project - NASA, CSA, CEOS,
CDEMA, UN-SPIDER, CATHALAC, UWI, etc.
UN-SPIDER
VALID project (UN-SPIDER, ISPRS, JBGIS, ITHACA,
etc.) http://www.un-spider.org/VALID-stakeholderassessment-I
UN-SPIDER
& RSOs
Tracking how land-use changes are modifying the
spatial and temporal behavior of hazards using
archived satellite imagery.
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UN-SPIDER finding´s on how Geo-spatial data is used
in governments (preliminary outcomes)
Geographic
Institutes
As inputs to update cartographic maps
and to generate a variety of other maps.
Ministries of
Environment
As a way to monitor protected areas,
environmental degradation, forest
reserves, land-use change.
Disaster-risk
reduction and
Emergency
Response agencies
To a lesser degree, mostly in the context
of emergency response still.
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The interaction between decision makers and the
research community
Language barriers: language of probabilities
(scientific community) versus language of
certainties (authorities);
Issues to be
confronted:
Decision makers do not read scientific papers in
journals; yet scientists are pressured to publish
results in such journals (publish or perish);
Decision makers rarely allocate sufficient time to
discuss relevant issues with scientists;
Decision makers usually operate on a “response”
mode to needs and wishes of their communities;
Disaster-risk reduction efforts are not high in
the mind of voters when making choices.
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Emerging trends seen as opportunities:
Sustainable
Development
Rio+20 Conference now includes a segment on the
need to target disaster risk reduction as a way to
“disaster-proof” efforts on sustainable development.
Climate
Change
We seem now to recognize more and more that
climate change is making hydrometeorologic events
more intense and more frequent .
ISDR
ISDR conducting a Post-2015 scoping assessment.
Global
Economic
crises
There is now an awareness on the links between
economic crisis, poverty and incapacities to cope with
disasters. Research is needed to understand links
between thse crisis, livelihoods, poverty, and
vulnerability.
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From research to resilience
GSHAP
A proposal for the global use of PGA as the parameter to
assess seismic hazard that can be used by civil engineers.
La Red
(LAC)
A framework employed by Governments to modify their
policies to incorporate disaster-risk management.
ISDR
The HFA as a vehicle to promote resilience facilitating the
incorporation of knowledge emerging from the research
community.
UN-SPIDER
UNDP,
UNESCO,
OCHA, etc
Vehicles to promote the application of scientific outputs:
provision of policy-relevant advice, capacity building and
institutional strengthening - governments
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From knowledge to resilience
Concluding remarks:
Identify the interfaces that allow developing countries, which are most
vulnerable to disasters, to become aware of recent advances emerging from
the scientific community;
Contribute to promote a culture targeting the generation of precise and
reliable information on which to make decisions targeting disaster-risk
management and sustainable development;
Keep in mind opportunities to channel policy-relevant advice stemming
from research efforts through the United Nations organizations in the case
of developing countries.
Take advantage of emerging opportunities to enhance the role of GEOSS.
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THANK YOU!
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