Transcript Organelles that work together in the business of life and Cellular

Organelles that work together in
the business of life
and
Cellular boundaries
• Eukaryotic cells can be divided into two
the cytoplasm
the nucleus and _________
major parts: _________
• These two parts of the cell work together in
the business of life
• Cytoplasm is the gel-like fluid portion of the
cell outside of the nucleus
In our drawings, the blue background represents the cytoplasm
What is the role of the nucleus?
• The nucleus contains nearly all the cell’s DNA
and with it, the coded instructions for making
proteins and other important molecules
• It will control most cell processes
• Prokaryotic cells do not have nuclei, but they
do have DNA which has the same role
Nucleus
nucleolus
nuclear envelope
ribosomes
chromosome containing the cell’s DNAonly seen when the cell is dividing
otherwise DNA is coiled around
proteins in a structure called chromatin
Nucleus
nucleolus
ribosomes
nuclear envelope
nuclear pore
chromosome containing the cell’s DNAonly seen when the cell is dividing
otherwise DNA is coiled around proteins
in a structure called chromatin
Cell boundaries
• All cells are surrounded by a barrier that
separates it from its environment
• This barrier controls the material that enter
and leave the cell
• It is called the cell membrane or the plasma
membrane
• In addition to the cell membrane, many
organisms have cell walls
Cell boundaries
• The main function of the cell wall is to
support the cell and help it to maintain its
shape; also for protection
• Many prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have
cell walls; however, animal cells do not
• Cell walls are porous enough to allow
materials such as water, oxygen, carbon
dioxide and other substances to pass through
easily
Cell membrane (plasma membrane)
Animal
cell
phospholipid contains
Detailed viewRemember:
of the cella membrane
Lipid bilayer
a phosphate group
a glycerol
two
fatty acid
chains
Almost all cell membranes are
made of a double layer called a
lipid bilayer
This cell membrane
example is made up of
phospholipid
Remember: a phospholipid contains
a phosphate group
Hydrophilic head
water loving
a glycerol
Hydrophobic tails
water fearing
two
fatty acid
chains
Hydrophilic head
water loving
Lipid bilayer
water fearing
Protein
Protein
Hydrophobic tails
Hydrophilic head
water loving
Lipid bilayer
water fearing
Protein
Protein
Hydrophobic tails
Hydrophilic head
water loving
Lipid bilayer
water fearing
Protein
Protein
Hydrophobic tails
Hydrophilic head
water loving
Lipid bilayer
water fearing
Protein
Protein
Hydrophobic tails
Hydrophilic head
water loving
Lipid bilayer
water fearing
Protein
Protein
Hydrophobic tails
Hydrophilic head
water loving
Lipid bilayer
water fearing
Protein
Protein
Hydrophobic tails
Hydrophilic head
water loving
Lipid bilayer
water fearing
Protein
Protein
Hydrophobic tails
Hydrophilic head
water loving
Lipid bilayer
water fearing
Protein
Protein
Hydrophobic tails
Hydrophilic head
water loving
Lipid bilayer
water fearing
Protein
Protein
Hydrophobic tails
Hydrophilic head
water loving
Lipid bilayer
water fearing
Protein
Protein
Hydrophobic tails
Hydrophilic head
water loving
Carbohydrate
Lipid bilayer
water fearing
Protein
Hydrophobic tails
Cholesterol
Protein
Also known as a Fluid Mosaic Model
It is called fluid because it is flexible and moves
It is called mosaic because it is made of many different molecules
It is selectively permeable or semi-permeable because
it allows some substances to pass across but not other
This cell membrane
Almost all cell membranes are
example is made up of
made of a double layer called a
phospholipid
lipid bilayer Remember: a phospholipid contains
Cholesterol
Fluid Mosaic Model Hydrophobic tails a phosphate group
two fatty acid chains
a glycerol
Hydrophilic head water loving Protein
made of many different molecules
water fearing
Carbohydrate
flexible and moves
Lipid bilayer