Transcript NOAA Contributions to Satellite Calibration and the need for

Center for Satellite
Applications and Research
(STAR)
NOAA Contributions to Satellite
Calibration and the need for a
National and International
Framework
Al Powell, Director
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Outline
• STAR’s Mission and Activities
• Challenges
• NOAA-NIST program to address
satellite calibration issues for climate
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STAR’s Mission
• To provide NOAA with scientific research and
development that transitions state-of-the-art satellite
data systems, products, and services to operations
for use by land, atmosphere, ocean, and climate user
communities.
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STAR Activities
• STAR is engaged in product development, readiness, and
applications with respect to satellites and satellite data
• STAR’s responsibilities include:
– Developing algorithms and prototype software systems that are
transitioned into the production of operational environmental
satellite products
– Monitoring and improving instrument calibration
– Validating and analyzing products for weather and climate
applications
– Overseeing the development of future satellite instruments and
their requirements specifications
• STAR utilizes collaborative environments for product
development
– Faster research to operations
– Interconnectivity across multiple satellite programs and NOAA
offices
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STAR USER Community Connections
National Center for
Environmental Prediction
NOAA
Goals
Supported:
Weather
& Water
Ecosystems
Commerce &
Transportation
International
Collaboration:
Critical
Mission
Support
Climate
NOAA Acquisition
Programs:
STAR
NPOESS (IV&V)
CGMS, WMO,
EUMETSAT
GOES-R (AWG & RR)
Bilateral Agreements:
NOAA Projects:
China, India
NPOESS Data
Exploitation (NDE)
NOAA Programs:
Corals, Climate, Ocean,
etc
NAVY
NASA
ARMY
EPA
Scientific Data
Stewardship
Air Force
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Mission Support to NOAA Programs
•
Ecosystems
– NOAA CoastWatch Program
• Real-time distribution of
regional SST, Ocean Color and
Ocean Winds
– Coral Reef Watch Program
•
Climate
– Integrated Climate Data Record
Program
• Improved calibrated radiances
• Time Series of Ozone ,
Vegetation Condition (Drought),
Hydrology, Temperature,
Moisture, Radiation Budget,
Clouds, Aerosols, and Carbon
– Reanalysis Project
• Data assimilation algorithms
• Radiative transfer models
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Mission Support to NOAA Programs
•
Weather and Water
– Joint Center for Satellite Data
Assimilation
• Radiative transfer models
• Surface emissivity models
• Cloud cleared hyperspectral
infrared radiances
• Satellite Derived Winds
• Surface conditions
– Hazards
• Air Quality
• Forest Fires/Biomass Burning
•
Commerce and Transportation
– Aviation Weather Satellite
Applications
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Clear-sky turbulence
Convective cloud conditions
Icing
Volcanic Ash
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STAR Support
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Support to Existing Observing
Systems
• Calibration and validation across systems
• Pre-launch and post-launch support
• Data quality and algorithm improvement
Intersatellite
Calibration
In-Situ Systems
Instrument
Calibration
Product Validation
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SUPPORT TO PROTOTYPE AND QUASIOPERATIONAL SYSTEMS
GRACE
Metop
Aqua
Cloudsat
CALIPSO
TRMM
TOPEX
GIFTS
Meteor/
SAGE
Landsat
NOAA/
POES
GOES
MTSAT
SeaWiFS
Terra
Aura
Jason
MSG
ICESat
SORCE
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Support to Future Observing Systems
GOES-R and NPOESS are
the next generation of
environmental satellites.
STAR’s work will ensure data
continuity and advanced
products to the benefit of all
users
•
Provide services to ensure accurate instrument data and algorithms
from future sensors, involving
– calibration and validation
– algorithm development
– instrument performance specifications
For
– Metop Instrument Functional Chain Teams (IFCT)
– NPOESS Operational Algorithm Teams (OAT)
– GOES-R Algorithm Working Group and Risk Reduction Plan
•
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Risk Reduction applied to acquisition programs, quasi-operational
data use from non-NOAA satellites
Developing data reduction techniques for user assimilation of
hyperspectral data and climate data records
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Next Generation NOAA Satellite
Observing Systems
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Future Challenges
• New satellites sensors, both domestic and international, will
create new challenges
– Continuity of past, present, and future data for climate data
records, calibration accuracy, stability of satellite sensors,
reprocessing and analysis of long-term series for reproducible
results
– Data assimilation methodologies for weather, climate, and oceans
– Hyperspectral technology applied to radiative transfer models and
interpretation of spectral signatures
– New applications from advanced sensors, including water and air
quality, trace gas monitoring, and coastal and ocean forecasts
• Generating blended products and multi-disciplinary algorithm
development in support of GEOSS
• Working in a collaborative environment as new operational and
research satellite data becomes available
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Climate Calibration and Measurement
NOAA-NIST Joint Program Plan
Goal
•Reduced measurement uncertainties to meet climate
monitoring requirements
Accurate climate information for sound policy decisions
Program Strategy
•NOAA and NIST partnership to leverage complementary
expertise to broadened DoC portfolio on climate change
Technical Strategy
•Improved instrument characterization and calibration
•Aerosols & greenhouse gas measurements and
standards
•Reference sites and satellite intercalibration
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Background
What is the problem?
• Unreliable estimates of climate trends due to
uncertainties in:
– pre-launch and post-launch characterization and
standards
– instrument inter-calibration
– physical and chemical properties of atmospheric
constituents
• No joint strategy to leverage DOC’s unique capabilities
to address these uncertainties
• Lack of a framework to relate climate observations
with international standards to provide climate change
information to policymakers
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Requirements are not being met!
Total Solar Irradiance [W/m2]
Example: Total Solar Irradiance
Year Target Precision 0.3 W m-2
Target Accuracy 1 W m-2
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Aerosols and GHGs are not understood
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What are the challenges?
•
Instruments are complex and operate in a hostile
environment.
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Opportunities to modify space instrumentation problems
are on decadal scale.
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Integration of multiple observations
− different instruments
− different spectral ranges
− long time periods
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Gaps in critical chemical & physical reference data (e.g.
aerosols, Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs),
GreenHouse Gases (GHG)).
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Why a NOAA NIST Partnership?
• DoC is the lead agency on Global Climate
Change
• Leverages NIST’s core competencies in
measurement science and standards
• Leverages NOAA’s core competencies in
climate monitoring and satellite remote sensing
• Partnership will ensure accurate climate data to
underpin policy decisions
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NOAA-NIST Climate Calibration & Measurement Program
GOAL
Reduced measurement uncertainties to meet
climate monitoring requirements
NOAA Lead
NIST Lead
In current NOAA program
* IASI GHG maps (CO2, CO, CH4)
* CrIS GHG maps
* VIIRS aerosol maps
*METOP/IASI
*Cal/Val Framework
cal/val system
*NPP cal/val system
*NPOESS cal/val sys.
*Continue operations Marine Optical Buoy (MOBY) for ocean color
*Carbon measurements from aircraft and towers coincident with satellite
*Benchmark balloon measurements coincident with satellite overpass
*Field campaigns
*Reference
*Pre-launch
metrology & standards for critical atmospheric constituents
*Reference data & standards to validate climate models
*Lifecycles of aerosols
* Mitigation Strategies
calibration standards
*Post-launch calibration standards
*Extra terrestrial standards
* Field standards
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
D
A
T
A
M
A
N
A
G
E
M
E
N
T
Climate monitoring
measurements,
including aerosols &
GHG
On-orbit cal/val and
satellite
intercalibration
Reference sites &
vicarious calibration
Chemical and
physical reference
standards for
aerosols & GHGs
Standards for
absolute instrument
characterization &
calibration
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Benefits
• Accurate estimates of climate trends
• Joint strategy to leverage DOC’s unique
capabilities
• Framework to relate climate observations with
international standards
• Ability to make sound policy decisions based on
accepted accurate information
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Next Steps
• Develop joint NOAA-NIST program plan on Climate
Calibration and Measurements
• Develop a National Roadmap to include other
agencies and institutions
• Part of a coordinated international WMO effort -Global Space-based Intercalibration System (GSICS)
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