Transcript Mr. Peijun Shi - China - Third UN World Conference on Disaster

WORKING SESSION
Lessons from Mega Disasters, 10.00 to 11.30, Sunday, 15th March, 2015,Sendai ,Japan
Lessons from Wenchuan Earthquake Disaster in China
Peijun SHI
State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology (ESPRE)
Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Nature Disaster, Ministry of Education (ECND)
Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, MOC and MOE (ADREM)
Beijing Normal University
Wenchuan Earthquake Earth-suface Rupture Map
The destructive zone of the earthquake faultthrough the old city of
Beichuan County
The M>=4 aftershock distribution map (up to August 9 of 2008)
Secondary Disasters Induced by Wenchuan Earthquake
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The induced geological disasters: induced by the earthquake and rainstorms, reaches 9556,
including 5117 landslides, 3575 rock falls, 358 debris flows
•
The secondary disasters such as barrier lakes, damaged reservoirs and damaged dams:
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34 barrier lakes with different levels of danger, and the Tangjiashan Barrier Lake near the county seat
of Beichuan County was of extremely severe danger;
Over 1800 damaged reservoirs in Sichuan province;
Dams in Sichuan, Chongqing, Shaanxi, Gansu and Yunnan with a length of 1054km were damaged
Landslide and rockfall Induced by Wenchuan Earthquake
Field Investigation Points
Heavy Rain
Rock Collapse
Landslides
Debris Flow
Barrier lakes
Earthquake
Wenchuan Earthquake Disaster Chains
Integrated emergency disaster assessment map of Wenchuan Earthquake
Casualties
12:00 of July 11, 2008, the Wenchuan Earthquake in
Sichuan province had caused:
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69197 death toll
18341 people missing
374176 injured
15.106 billion transferred and relocated
96445 hospitalized injured people, of which 88391 people have
left hospital already, and 5405 people remain in hospital
– 3334 people who had been transferred to other provinces from
Sichuan province
– Treatments of the sick and wounded summed up to 2827552
person-times
– Losses (billion RMB)：853.0
Response to the Wenchuan earthquake The State Council issued the
Regulation on Post-Wenchuan Earthquake Rehabilitation and Reconstruction .
It clarified the detailed responsibilities of government at all levels in the
rehabilitation and reconstruction after the earthquake.
In accord with this regulation, an expert earthquake rescue group was established
to investigate and evaluate the earthquake to provide support for the formulation of
plans for post-earthquake rehabilitation and reconstruction.
Regulation on post-Wenchuan earthquake rehabilitation
and reconstruction (a) and Wenchuan earthquake impact
assessment map (b)
Rebuilt town, Shuimo in Wenchuan,
Sichuan Province
Response to the Wenchuan earthquake
The regulation stated that the financial assistance given by
the provinces or municipalities should be no less than 1% of its
local fiscal revenue of the previous year. To express the
country’s condolences to the victims of the Wenchuan
earthquake, the State Council declared May 19–21 2008 to be
National Grief Day.
The response to the Wenchuan earthquake was the fastest
and largest mobilization of help in Chinese history. The
guarantees stated in various policies resulted in a very
successful and effective rehabilitation and reconstruction
process. As a result, within 3 years, the disaster-hit area
recovered and even surpassed its pre-earthquake economic
and social development status.
What commitments are expected
to be achieved?
China’s main achievements
Lessons
Recommendations
China’s main achievements
 Established a disaster prevention and reduction regime,
mechanisms and legal system
 Improved monitoring, early warning, and risk assessment
 Established the disaster information sharing service and a
public campaign on disaster prevention and reduction
 Strengthened the climate change response and disaster risk
governance Strengthened the disaster preparedness
An atlas series on natural disasters to support national and
local disaster prevention and reduction
The Atlas of Natural Disasters in China (1992) supported the
development of the 2000–2005 plan。
The Atlas of Natural Disaster System of China（ 2003） served the
development of the plan for 2005–2010.
The Atlas of Natural Disaster Risk of China （2011） was used in the
development of the plan for 2011–2015。
Atlas series of natural disasters in China and World
http://www.adrem.org.cn/atlas (13—19,March,2015)
The Chinese experience in the past 25 years illustrates the importance
of three shared points:
Identification of the concept of comprehensive disaster
prevention and reduction in strategies
Inclusion of goals for comprehensive disaster prevention
and reduction in national plans
Actions to strengthen the technological support of
comprehensive disaster prevention and reduction.
Lessons
 The synergy between central and local governments requires
further improvement
 The synergy between urban and rural areas should be further
strengthened
 The synergy between the government and public still lacks an
institutional guarantee
 The sectoral management and disaster risk governance still
needs to be integrated
Challenges
Climate change uncertainties lead to greater environmental risks
Global warming
Increase of extreme events
Environmental risks will increase
Exposure and vulnerability are likely to increase
Uncertainties regarding climate change and its impact
Sustainable development is facing challenges from emerging risks
Energy and water security are important components of resource safety
Food security is foundation of economic and social safety
Terrestorial ecosystem stability is the keystone of disaster prevention and reduction.
Protection of coastal zone is highly linked to resource and ecological safety
Challenges from globally networked disasters
The globalization of the influence of disasters
Distribution of Future High-temperature, Drought and Flood Risk Levels in China under
Emission Scenario RCP 8.5 [19]
(Red color denotes highest risk level, and light blue color denotes lowest risk level)
Recommendations
 Promoting the integration of coping with climate change and disaster
prevention and reduction
d
ize
tim
Str
uc
cte
d
Increasing capability
of coping with LSD
re
rfe
tur
e
pe
op
on
Gl
cti
Inc
e
as
e
at
im
cl y
al rsit
ob
Gl dive
n
Fu
ob
a
di l cl
ve
rs imat
it
y e
Increasing capabality of
cliamate change adaptation
Strong Adaptation
 Incorporate
economic
development, life style,
and ecosystem services to
better adapt to the
changing environment
 Promote a green economy
strategy by balancing
efforts to mitigate disaster
loss and enhance benefits
Spatial Scale
Temporal Scale
(global,regional,local)
(thousands,hundreds,decades)
Re
en
si l i
De
ce
c re
Action Dimension
(economy,politics,culture,society）
Consilence enhanced
as
eV
uln
e ra
bili
ty
Increasing capability of
disaster reduction by
science and technology
Global climate
diversity
Comprehensive disaster risk prevention paradigm under the strategy of “common world,
common existence, common development”
Recommendations
 Promoting the integration of coping with climate change and disaster prevention
and Holistically improve national and regional risk governance capacity for large-scale
disasters
 Accelerate the transition of
economic growth patterns with a
focus on structure adjustment
supported by innovation and
development in science and
technology.
 Establish a diversified energy
security and supply chain system
to efficiently reduce the negative
impacts of large-scale disaster
risks.
 Comprehensively
improve
national and local disaster risk
sharing capabilities by establishing
a “global large-scale disaster risk
financial management system” to
realize the risk diversification and
sharing in the global context.
Green Economy
Increase
Vegetation
Economy
Carbon Sink
Mitigate
Climate Change
Prevent
Extreme Climate Events
Catastrophe Risk
Interrelations between climate change,
green economy, and disaster risk
Recommendations
 Holistically improve national and regional risk governance capacity for largescale disasters
 Accelerate the transition of economic
growth patterns with a focus on structure
adjustment supported by innovation and
development in science and technology.
 Establish a diversified energy security and
supply chain system to efficiently reduce
the negative impacts of large-scale disaster
risks.
 Comprehensively improve national and
local disaster risk sharing capabilities by
establishing a “global large-scale disaster
risk financial management system” to
realize the risk diversification and sharing
in the global context.
Integrated System
Cooperation
Coordination
Communication
Construction
Consilience
Economy
Culture
Politics
Society
Extraction
Government
Nation
Region
Province
County
Institution
Enterprise
Individual
State-owned
Planning
Public-owned
Elders
Financing
Private
Middle-Aged
Youth
Technology Civil
Joint VentureChildren
Conceptual model of consilience for integrated large-scale
disaster risk governance
Recommendations.
Promote the establishment of a global paradigm and an alliance for largescale disaster risk governance
 Develop a global paradigm for large-scale disaster risk governance, to
coordinate present actions by the United Nations to improve
sustainable development and to complete the global mechanism for
coping with large-scale disaster risks.
 Establish a global foundation for large-scale disaster risk, to
disseminate, transfer and apply diverse science and technology as well
as relevant education, to support the UN in establishing a global
disaster transfer mechanism, and to promote science and technology
advancement.
 Establish a global network for large-scale disaster response to develop
an enhanced global education and scientific platform.
Thank you！