Transcript tom - University of Manitoba

Emerging Energy Technologies
for Manitoba
Presented to
Renewable Energy Class
February 10, 2011
By
Tom Molinski, P.Eng. EOE
Emerging Energy Systems
What are Emerging Energy
Technologies
Not Conventional Energy Systems
Includes:
• Wind
• Small Hydro
• Bioenergy
• Solar
• Geothermal
• Small Thermal
• H2 and FC
• Energy Storage
• Engines
• PHEV & EV
Wind Power in Manitoba
•St. Leon, MB
•St. Joseph, MB
• Constructed in 2006
• Under Construction
• 63 Wind Turbines
• 60 Wind Turbines
• Power to 40,000 homes
• Power to 50,000 homes
Lightning Strikes on Wind
Turbines
• Approx. 400,000 to 700,000
strikes in Manitoba annually
• Increase of strikes on wind
turbines due to height
• Lightning may puncture and
penetrate blade
• Energy discharge causes severe
damage
• 20-30 faults / 100 turbines / year
Cowboy Wisdom
“Everybody gets so
much information
all day long that
they lose their
common sense”
...Gertrude Stein
Wind Technology Developments
RECHARGE, Issue 14, April 17, 2009
Kinetic Turbine Research Project
Partners
•
•
•
•
•
Manitoba Hydro
University of Manitoba
New Energy
UEK
Manitoba HVDC
Research Center
Purpose
• Test reliability, efficiency and deployment
• Winter testing
• Cost
New Energy Pontoon Boat at Pointe du Bois
Bio-Energy
Combustion
• Direct
• Co-fired
Thermochemical
• Pyrolysis
• Gasification
Biochemical
• Anaerobic Digestion
• Landfill Gas
• Ethanol Fermentation
Canadian Solar Atlas
Source: Natural Resources Canada
BIPV - Red River College
Concentrating Solar Power (CSP)
Solar Comparison
Solar Thermal
PV
Peak Power (Watts/m2)
700
150
Efficiency (solar
energy/captured
energy)
Installed Cost per W
70%
15%
$ 2 to $ 5
$ 7 to $ 10
Simple Payback
40 years
130 years
Life
25 years
25 – 30
years
* Payback assumes solar thermal would replace natural gas
Space Solar Power
Solar Tower
Beware of Solar Power!
Enhanced Geothermal Systems
(EGS)
Manitoba Heat Flow Map
Preliminary Results
• 90°C - 100°C @ 3 to 4
km depths
• Sufficient temperature
for district heating and
possible electrical
generation
Thermal to Electric Conversion
• Small Steam
• Organic Rankine
• Brayton
• Entropic
Energy Storage
• Batteries
• Fuel Cells
• Capacitors
• Flywheels
• Compressed Air
• Pumped Hydro
• Thermal Storage
• Super Conducting Coils
ENGINES
PHEV Research Project
• Approved June 29, 2005
• Purchased 2005 Toyota Prius Hybrid
• Modify for plug-in capability
- 30 mile net electric range
• Operate and collect data for one year
• Goals
-
Operation and reliability
Cold weather capability
Effects of PHEVs on the MH system
Feasibility of off-peak charging
Promote technology and increase public awareness
• Converted in Monrovia, Calif. August 14, 2006
• 2nd conversion: U of M, April 10, 2007
Cowboy Wisdom
•“If I’d asked my customers
what they wanted, they’d have
said a faster horse”
Henry Ford
Why Is MH Interested in
Emerging Energy Technologies
• Prepares MH to adopt new technologies
•
5000 MW undev hydro last till 2050
• Niche applications
•
Kinetic Turbines
• Increasing TBL advantages
• Stakeholder interest
What is Canada’s Biggest Challenge
in Energy Use?
•
•
•
•
•
•
Over reliance on fossil fuels
High cost of energy to consumers
Environmental cost of producing energy
Environmental cost of consuming energy
Running out of oil and natural gas
Not sure
What is Canada’s Biggest Challenge
in Energy Use?
•
•
•
•
•
•
Over reliance on fossil fuels
High cost of energy to consumers
Environmental cost of producing energy
Environmental cost of consuming energy
Running out of oil and natural gas
Not sure
What is Canada’s Biggest Challenge
in Energy Use?
Which Renewable (excluding hydro)
Generates the Most Electricity in
Canada?
•Wind
•Solar
•Geothermal
•Biomass
•Not sure
Which Renewable Generates the
Most Electricity in Canada?
What is Driving Emerging Energy
Get me outta
• Climate change
here!
• Reduce pollution
• Energy security
• Non-renewable sources
are limited
• Technological advances
• Subsidies, etc
Oil Discovery vs Consumption
60
Past Discovery
Future Discovery
Production
Consumption
50
2% Growth
2% Depletion
Billion Barrels
40
30
20
This
surplus
fills the
gap
10
?
Past discovery
by ExxonMobil
USA consumption
0
1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 205
Source: Past data from ExxonMobil, US data from DOE
Cowboy Wisdom
“When gasoline hits $10/litre, I’ll
keep my car and buy a loyal
horse to pull it six days a week.
On the 7th day, I’ll switch back
to gasoline and the horse can
take a break and ride with me”.
.
Not Just For Transportation
Not Just For Transportation
What is Driving Emerging Energy
• Climate change
• Reduce pollution
• Energy security
• Non-renewable sources
are limited
• Technological advances
• Subsidies, etc
What is Driving Emerging Energy
• Climate change
• Reduce pollution
• Energy security
• Non-renewable sources
are limited
• Technological advances
• Subsidies, etc
Barriers to Emerging Energy
• Higher costs than conventional
• GHG Credits and REC too low
• Infrastructure barriers
• Lack of familiarity with equipment
• Intermittent sources need energy storage
• BANANA
Barriers to Emerging Energy
• Higher costs than conventional
• GHG Credits and REC too low
• Infrastructure barriers
• Lack of familiarity with equipment
• Intermittent sources need energy storage
• BANANA
Energy Consumption in Manitoba
HydroPower
26%
Refined
Petroleum
Products
38%
Biomass
& Wind
2%
Coal & NGL
2%
Source: Energy in Manitoba, Manitoba Government
Natural Gas
32%
Renewable Energy Production
Conclusions
• No current threat to hydro
–
–
–
–
–
Wind and bioenergy are close
Solar catching up
TBL, subsidies, & policies will help
Niche applications now
Large hydro supply all load till 2050
• Need MH & Provincial energy use strategy
– Reduce fossil fuel use by expanding hydro et al
– Consider electrified transportation, district
energy, etc
Conclusions
• No current threat to hydro
–
–
–
–
–
Wind and bioenergy are close
Solar catching up
TBL, subsidies, & policies will help
Niche applications now
Large hydro supply all load till 2050
• Need MH & Provincial energy use strategy
– Reduce fossil fuel use by expanding hydro et al
– Consider electrified transportation, district
energy, etc
Cowboy Wisdom
"It is better to keep
your mouth shut
and appear stupid
than to open it and
remove all doubt.”
…Mark Twain
Questions?