Transcript Help Save The World with Bamboo

Help Save the World
with
Bamboo
By
Dr. Segundino U. Foronda, Ph.D.
Forester, Inventor & Forest Products Specialist
E-mail: [email protected]
Democracy M. Icawalo
INBAR Alumnus & Bamboo Advocate
E-mail: [email protected]
What is Climate Change?
CLIMATE CHANGE
• Climate Change refers to any change in climate
over time whether due to natural variability or as a
result of human activity or changing levels of
Green House Gases (GHGs).
• It describes the short and long term effects on the
earth’s climate as a result of human activities such
as fossil fuel combustion and vegetation clearing
and burning.
• It is also now referred to as GLOBAL WARMING.
Causes of Climate Change
• Wanton utilization of fossil fuels
• Deforestation
Effects of Climate Change
• Pollution of water, air and soil
• Polar ice caps melting
• Negative economic consequences
• Increased extreme weather conditions
• Spread of diseases
• Landscape changes
• Adverse effects on agriculture and food supply
Solutions
1. Re-greening with trees and bamboo
Bamboo is more recommended, however,
considering its natural characteristics as
follows:
- Bamboo absorbs 35% more carbon dioxide
compared to trees. It also emits 35% more
oxygen. Even in finished products form, it
will not release its C02 contents for decades.
- It is much more sustainable and easier to
plant. Even when burned, it will just grow
back unlike trees.
- Its maximum maturity period is only 5 years
while the minimum time for trees to mature on
the average is 10 years.
2.
Use of clean & sustainable fuel
substitutes
Fossil Fuels vs. Bio-oil & Bio-coal
Non-renewable
- Renewable
Grey CO2
- Green CO2
Dirty
- Clean
Not cheap
- Cheaper than
fossil fuels
Bio-oil
What is bio-oil (BO)?
• Not oil in traditional sense
• Liquid biomass, molecular composition
resembles the feedstock
• Clean burning, carbon dioxide neutral fuel
• Aka: pyrolysis oil, bio-crude oil
• Can be co-fired in furnaces, boilers, gas
turbines, and diesel engines
Bio-oil
Green substitute to conventional fossil
fuels in power generation for now.
( Soon, for transportation fuels! )
Benefits of Bio-oil
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Reduce dependence on fossil fuel
Establish land cover
Reduce GHG emissions
Create jobs
Motivate economic activity in the countryside
Save foreign exchange
Cheaper than fossil fuel
Cost of Bio-oil
“Even more importantly, bio-oil is priced at
$25 - $35 a barrel…” (Zeman, 2007)
Equiv crude oil: US$ 45.45 – 63.64 a barrel
CDM benefits when factored will increase
bio-oil’s competitiveness!
Bio-oil Processing
Fast Pyrolysis
Products of Fast Pyrolysis
Bio-oil
- Liquid biomass
- Can be stored, pumped
and transported
Non-condensable gas
- Re-circulated into the
pyrolysis process
Char
- Black powder
- Incompletely
combusted biomass
Feedstock
Any lignocellulosic or cellulosic material
Forestry, agricultural and processing residues
• Wood, sawdust, bark, forest slash, waste paper
• Rice straw & husk, corn stalks & cobs, bamboo
• Cellulosic residues from bio-diesel/ bio-ethanol
production, e.g., coco shell & husk, bagasse, etc.
• Poultry litter, animal dung
No competition with food supply!
Bio-fuel Crops Compared
Bamboo – Most Favorable Feedstock
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Indigenous plant species
Easier to establish than tree species
High regenerative capacity, even when burned
High capacity to withstand extreme
environmental conditions
• Fast growing and high-biomass yield
• Short maturity period
• Co-products:
- Bamboo shoots
- High quality pole segments
Bamboo BO Plant Capacity
1000 ha plantation = 100TPD BO Facility
Daily BO output = 70-75 TPD
Moving Forward
Invest in Bamboo Bio-oil Production
and make money!
Reduce dependence on fossil fuels
Reduce GHG emissions
Protect the environment
Create jobs
Bio-coal
What is bio-coal?
• Torrefied biomass
• Aka: e-coal, green coal
• No smoke/ odor, clean
• HHV = 22-26 MJ/kg
• Easy to mill, friable
• Hydrophobic
• Decay resistant
Benefits of Bio-coal
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Stores and handles like fossil coal
Requires no retrofitting for coal-fired plants
Consistent and uniform fuel efficiency
Generates electricity as efficiently as fossil coal
Enables immediate GHG emissions reduction
Fossil coal will emit (+/-) 300% more carbon
dioxide compared to bio-coal
• Cost of bio-coal is only (+/-) 40% of the cost of
fossil coal
Bio-coal Processing
Torrefaction
• 200-300 °C
• zero oxygen
• (+/-) 30 minutes
Densification
• milling/ grinding
• pelletizing
Feedstock  Bamboo
We need to move
from this
to this!
Remember, we need to save
our world for our children.
Help save the world with bamboo!!!