Transcript Welcome and Thank You. - Napa Valley Wine Technical Group

Global Energy Issues
Climate Change /
Emissions Regulations
Security
Burgeoning Demand –
U.S., China, India…
On its own, each issue increases the costs of fossil fuels or of using fossil fuels
Peak Oil, Natural Gas /
Supply Constraints
Health Effects
Ecological
Consequences
Solutions for these Energy Issues
Climate Change /
Emissions Regulations
Security
Burgeoning Demand –
U.S., China, India…
Nuclear,
Renewable Energy,
“Clean” Coal…
All renewable
energy,
coal…
Energy from
all sources,
wars…
Energy from
all sources, wars…
All renewable
energy except
biomass…
All renewable
energy except
large scale
hydro…
Peak Oil, Natural Gas /
Supply Constraints
Health Effects
Ecological
Consequences
These Issues are Converging!
Climate Change /
Emissions Regulations
Security
Burgeoning Demand –
U.S., China, India…
Nuclear,
Renewable Energy,
”Clean” Coal…
All renewable
energy,
coal…
Energy from
all sources,
wars…
Energy from
all sources, wars…
All renewable
energy except
biomass…
Peak Oil, Natural Gas /
Supply Constraints
Health Effects
We can no longer
develop/afford
solutions that solve
one problem but
All renewable
exacerbate
others
energy except
large scale
hydro…
Ecological
Consequences
Implications of Convergence
• Fossil fuels will become unaffordable rapidly
• The only solution that fits in the intersection of
these circles is the combination of energy
conservation, efficiency, and generation from
renewable resources
• The transition to the era of renewable
energies has already begun
• We need to accelerate this transition
We have made energy transitions
before
•
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•
Whale blubber  kerosene
Kerosene  electricity
Electricity from coal  electricity from
natural gas
And now…fossil fuels to alternatives
California is leading the transition
•
California’s per capita electricity consumption has
remained flat since the early seventies because of
energy efficiency
–
•
In the rest of the U.S. electricity consumption has
increased by 40%
California’s “loading order” for energy investments
1.
2.
3.
4.
•
Energy Efficiency
Demand Reduction
Energy from Renewable Resources
Energy from Non-renewable Resources
AB 32 – Global Warming Solutions Act – Emission
reductions by 25% from current levels by 2020
Napa is leading California … in Solar
• U.S. (2005): .07%
• PG&E territory (2007 projected): <1%
– PG&E has more solar installations than
any other any utility in the U.S.
• Napa wineries: >12%
– More than 50 out of 400 wineries have
already installed or are installing solar
Napa Wineries
• Napa wineries have adopted at this
extraordinary rate because the
COMBINATION of federal, state, and
utility incentives have made solar
economically feasible for commercial
clients that are rich (pay taxes),
profitable (can use depreciation), and
creditworthy.
Pioneering Efforts through Wineries
• We are helping to remove the financial,
technical, and regulatory obstacles
through our adoption of solar.
• We are demonstrating that it is ok to
start with energy generation first,
because it increases consciousness
about energy, which in turn results in
energy conservation and efficiency.
Financial Obstacles Overcome
Financing Options 5 years ago
• None. The first large wineries that went solar
were CASH rich. Invested in solar because
they expected better returns than from the
stock market.
Financing Options Today
• Bank loans, Tax Leases, Power Purchase
Agreements
• For Commercial and Residential
Technical Obstacles Overcome
• Solar Electric Systems are everywhere
– Slopes (Chateau Montelena)
– Flat Rooftops (Western Wine Services (anchored),
Wine Service Co-operative (ballasted))
– Sloped Roofs (Dutch Henry)
– Leach Fields (Frog’s Leap, Staglin)
– Wastewater Ponds (Far Niente)
– In PG&E’s right of way (Saintsbury)
– Integrated in Buildings (Sutter Home)
– Replacing expensive vineyards (Chappellet,
Nickel and Nickel)
Regulatory Obstacles Overcome
(and being worked on)
• Renewable Energy Credits belong to
host customers
• Transformer size constraint relaxed
• Permitted to build in PG&E’s Right of
Way (Saintsbury)
• Meter Aggregation
Non-solar energy trends / near term
possibilities in the Wine Industry
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Energy Efficiency Retrofits
Biodiesel / Biomass
Cogeneration
Sheep instead of mowers
Packaging Alternatives
Carbon Neutrality
Cradle to Grave
Carbon Farming
Triple Bottom Line Accounting
Longer-Term Energy Possibilities
• Distributed Renewable Energy Generation – Solar
thermal, Small scale Wind, Fuel Cells, Direct
Geothermal
• Centralized Renewable Energy Generation – Wind,
Concentrating Solar Power, Waste to Energy, Tidal
• Energy Storage (fixed and mobile)
• Energy Transfer – Plug-in Hybrids + Vehicle-to-Grid
• Fuels from Alternatives – Ethanol from Algae,
Cellulosic Ethanol, Solar generated hydrogen