Transcript Crunch Time: What can you do at home and in your community

Climate Change – The Greatest Threat to Mankind?
Crunch Time: What can you do in your homes or as a community?
Park Lane Methodist Church 4th June 2006
Keith Tovey
CRed
Keith Tovey (杜伟贤) M.A., PhD, CEng, MICE, CEnv
Energy Science Director: Low Carbon Innovation Centre
School of Environmental Sciences, UEA
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Climate Change and the Environment
The greatest threat to mankind?
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•
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Our insatiable appetite for Energy
Potential of Energy Resources
Hard Choices Ahead
The fifth fuel – Energy Conservation?
• This Week
Crunch Time!
– What can you do in your homes or as a
community?
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To discuss later
• 1. When cooking vegetables on a stove. How much energy (as a
percentage) is saved by putting a lid on the saucepan.?
• 2. Fluorescent lights use as much energy when switched on as they do in
running for 15 minutes [some people say 30 minutes] or is this a myth?.
What evidence can you use to confirm this or otherwise.
• 3. It is often argued that with a well insulated hot water tank it does not
matter if the heating source is left on. In what circumstances is this statement
correct, and in what circumstances is it not?
• 4. Your house feels cold when you return: You have Thermostatic
Radiator Valves fitted. What advantages or disadvantages would there be if
you turned up the temperature setting on the valve?
• 5. What are the major sources of heat loss from a house? List the
conservation measures which should be adopted in order of effectiveness,
and also cost? What measures would you take to improve the energy
efficiency of your home?
• 6. By time switching the heating in a house so that it is off from 11pm until
7am the next morning, a saving of one third in energy will be possible. Is
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this correct? What disadvantages are there from time switching ?
Climate Change – The Greatest Threat to Mankind?
Crunch Time: What can you do in your homes or as a community?
• Two weeks ago
• We have hard choices to make:
• Promote all renewables
• Energy conservation – each of us to reduce consumption by
1.5% each and every year – i.e. by 20+% by 2020.
• There is no easy choice. Avoiding difficulty decisions will
make it even more difficult in the future.
• Last Week
• Energy Conservation: the fifth fuel
– Reduce Transmission losses – particularly for electricity –
local generation
– Reduce Conversion Losses – CHP
– The heat pump
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Climate Change – The Greatest Threat to Mankind?
Crunch Time: What can you do in your homes or as a community?
• By 2050 we could readily have a renewable an low carbon
future.
• However we cannot now have a non-nuclear scenario in the
period 2015 – 2030,
• Unless
– we wish to be dependent on Russia and the middle east for are
heating and electricity generation for almost all our electricity and
heating.
• Or
– we wish to see a return to coal and global warming exacerbated. By
2030 significant possibilities will exist for carbon sequestration,
• Or
– we make more drastic cuts in energy use – a 20% cut will only see us
stand still
• But conservation measures often do not achieve the
theoretical savings predicted because of “comfort taking”
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Climate Change – The Greatest Threat to Mankind?
Crunch Time: What can you do in your homes or as a community?
• Opportunities for Conservation
– Reduce transmission losses
• Local generation of electricity (8.5% in case of
electricity)
– Make more effective use of energy during
conversion.
– Reduce demand
• Technical means
• Promoting Awareness
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Climate Change – The Greatest Threat to Mankind?
Crunch Time: What can you do in your homes or as a community?
So where does it all go?
Per Capita Consumption in Watts
~ 5 kW
1970
816
623
1379
411
1980
882
786
1069
414
1990
902
1076
855
425
2002
1060
1207
769
442
Conversion and
Transmission
1712
1565
1745
1844
Total
Non-Energy
4942
240
4716
165
5004
249
5321
241
Domestic
Transport
Industry
Other
• Transport Energy use has risen 10.5% in last decade
• Domestic use has risen by over 10%
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Climate Change – The Greatest Threat to Mankind?
Crunch Time: What can you do in your homes or as a community?
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•
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Energy Provision and Supply
Technical Conservation Measures
Awareness
Transportation
Buying New Goods
Our Christian Response
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Local Provision of Energy
Solar Pump
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Local Provision of Energy
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Saving Energy – A Practical Guide
Ways to Reduce Your Carbon Footprint
Micro CHP
Heat Pumps
Micro Wind
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The Heat Pump
A Heat Pump or refrigerator
High Pressure
Warm Temperature
Heat to
building
High Pressure
High Temperature
Condenser
Work In
Throttle
Valve
Compressor
Evaporator
Low Pressure
Cold Temperature
Heat from
outside
Low Pressure
Cool Temperature
• 3 to 4 times as much energy out as energy in!!
• Works with thermodynamics – NOT against it
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Climate Change – The Greatest Threat to Mankind?
Crunch Time: What can you do in your homes or as a community?
• Energy Provision and Supply
– Micro-wind – should be available within 12 months could save
one quarter to one third of electricity bills – may be more.
Costs estimated at around £1600 excluding installation ~£2000
all in.
– PV - expensive at present
– Solar thermal approaching cost effectiveness.
– Micro – CHP around 4000 homes are testing these. May be of
limited use in summer?
– Biomass heaters – good for community centres schools –
domestic models now in use in some places in Europe.
– Heat Pumps – good for new build (work best with underfloor
heating)– but more difficult for old buildings.
Grants are available, but new regulations for grants are
likely to require more effort than previously.
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Climate Change – The Greatest Threat to Mankind?
Crunch Time: What can you do in your homes or as a community?
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Technical Conservation Measures
Loft Insulation – very cost effective
Cavity Wall Insulation - very cost effective
Double Gazing - very expensive – not
usually cost effective (always request K-Glass
– equivalent to triple glazing).
• Draught Proofing
• Low Energy Lighting – cuts consumption by
up to 80%
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Climate Change – The Greatest Threat to Mankind?
Crunch Time: What can you do in your homes or as a community?
Standard
unimproved semidetached house
built 1945 - 1960
With 100 mm loft
insulation added
~10% saving in
total energy
With 200 mm loft
insulation added
~12% saving
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Climate Change – The Greatest Threat to Mankind?
Crunch Time: What can you do in your homes or as a community?
With 200 mm loft
insulation and
double glazing –no
cavity insulation
~ 18% saving in total
energy consumption
With 200 mm loft
insulation and cavity
insulation – no
double glazing
~30% saving in total
energy consumption
With 200 mm loft
insulation and both
cavity wall
insulation and
double glazing
~36% saving in total
energy consumption
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Climate Change – The Greatest Threat to Mankind?
Crunch Time: What can you do in your homes or as a community?
All previous measures
plus draught exclusion
~46% saving in total
energy consumption
All previous measures
plus draught exclusion
and lagging cylinder
~52% saving in total
energy consumption
All previous measures
plus draught exclusion
and lagging cylinder
and condensing boiler
~59% saving in total
energy consumption
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Climate Change – The Greatest Threat to Mankind?
Crunch Time: What can you do in your homes or as a community?
Lighting
• Traditional tungsten filament
• Halogen – give more light per watt, but if
used in decorative mode will consume much
more
• Low energy (CFL) lights – typically will save
around £8 a year each if used 5 hours a day.
• Look out for LED lights which will shortly be
routinely available – even better than CFLs
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Climate Change – The Greatest Threat to Mankind?
Crunch Time: What can you do in your homes or as a community?
• Halogen Spot lights are particularly wasteful.
• Many of often present in a room and are
much more wasteful than tungsten filament.
• Do not be confused between LOW
VOLTAGE and LOW ENERGY.
• 8 such lights used for say 5 hours a day on
average will use 870 units, cost around £87
per year to run and emit 450 kg of carbon
dioxide.
• Look out for low energy versions – with 8 bulbs will save you £65 a year, and
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save 350 kg of carbon dioxide.
BEWARE
the HIP
is nigh!
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To discuss for 5 minutes
• 1. When cooking vegetables on a stove. How much energy (as a
percentage) is saved by putting a lid on the saucepan.?
• 2. Fluorescent lights use as much energy when switched on as they do in
running for 15 minutes [some people say 30 minutes] or is this a myth?.
What evidence can you use to confirm this or otherwise.
• 3. It is often argued that with a well insulated hot water tank it does not
matter if the heating source is left on. In what circumstances is this statement
correct, and in what circumstances is it not?
• 4. Your house feels cold when you return: You have Thermostatic
Radiator Valves fitted. What advantages or disadvantages would there be if
you turned up the temperature setting on the valve?
• 5. What are the major sources of heat loss from a house? List the
conservation measures which should be adopted in order of effectiveness,
and also cost? What measures would you take to improve the energy
efficiency of your home?
• 6. By time switching the heating in a house so that it is off from 11pm until
7am the next morning, a saving of one third in energy will be possible. Is
this correct? What disadvantages are there from time switching ?
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Climate Change – The Greatest Threat to Mankind?
Crunch Time: What can you do in your homes or as a community?
But how many people know what
9 tonnes of CO2 looks like?
On average each person in
UK causes the emission of 9
tonnes of CO2 each year.
5 hot air balloons per person
per year.
Around 4 million in Norfolk
"Nobody made a greater mistake
than he who did nothing because he
thought he could do only a little."
Edmund Burke (1727 – 1797)
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Raising Awareness
• Computers do NOT switch off when using the soft “SHUT
DOWN”. Typically they will waste 60 kg CO2 a year.
• 10 gms of carbon dioxide has an equivalent volume
of 1 party balloon.
• A Mobile Phone charger: > 20 kWh per year
~ 1000 balloons each year.
• Standby on electrical appliances
60+ kWh a year - 3000 balloons.
• A Toyota Corolla (1400cc): 1 party balloon every 60m.
•
Filling up with petrol (~£37 for a full tank – 40 litres)
At Gao’an
No 190Primary
School in(5%
Xuhui
District,
Shanghai
--------kg of CO2
of one
hot air
balloon)
How far does one have to drive in a small family car (e.g. 1400 cc
Toyota Corolla) to emit as much carbon dioxide as heating an old
persons room for 1 hour?
1.6 miles
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Climate Change – The Greatest Threat to Mankind?
Crunch Time: What can you do in your homes or as a community?
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Climate Change – The Greatest Threat to Mankind?
Crunch Time: What can you do in your homes or as a community?
• A HiFi centre consumed 7 watts when not in use and 35 watts in use.
• Used for 2 hours a day it will consume 2.2 times as much when not in
use as when it is. ~ 56 kWh per year £5.60
• A cable/SKY box consumes 10 – 12 watts whether on or off – if
television is used 5 hours a day that is 83 kWh wasted each year,
unnecessary emission of 45 kg of carbon dioxide at a cost of £8 - £9.
• If everyone switched off just one standby appliance it would save the
output of a nuclear power station.
– But how do we persuade everyone to do it all of the time?
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Climate Change – The Greatest Threat to Mankind?
Crunch Time: What can you do in your homes or as a community?
Transport
70
60
50
miles per gallon
• A small family car: 10 000 miles
a year will emit 2 – 2.5 tonnes of
CO2. each year.
• Benefits can be achieved by
moderating speed.
40
30
20
summer
winter
10
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
average speed
• To London (single) - by car 32 kg
• To London – train ~ 7 kg
or is it
0.7 kg
A person flying to Sydney Australia emits around 1.5 times as much as he
uses in rest of year in his home and car.
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If you fly consider offsetting your flight.
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Climate Change – The Greatest Threat to Mankind?
Crunch Time: What can you do in your homes or as a community?
Buying New Goods
• Look for Energy Label
• For Fridges and Freezers look for A+ and A++
ratings.
• Frost Free devices – a con!
• Look at energy consumption
• Divide figure by 10 to get approximate running
cost
Fridges and Freezers give annual
energy consumption
Other appliances are per cycle.
It is illegal for shops NOT to
display labels on ALL appliances
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Current and Proected Use
Country
World
Energy Requirement
Population Per Capita
12.0 TW
6000 M
2.0 kW
USA
3.0 TW
300 M
10.0 kW
Europe
UK
2.0 TW
0.3 TW
350 M
60 M
5.7 kW
5.0 kW
Range of forecasts 20 - 100 TW with a likely value
in range 30 - 50 TW (say 40 TW). - 3 to 5 times present level
How can we even stabilise our consumption?
The Egalitarian Principle?
Should we all have a fair and equal share of the world’s resources?
> richer countries use less
> poorer countries allowed to consume more
Eventually all consume the same?
Should those who already have high consumption be allowed to continue
at the expense of those less fortunate?
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Sharing our Resources
The Parable of The Rich Young Man Mark 10: 17 - 31
17 As Jesus started on his way, a man ran up to him and fell on his
knees before him. "Good teacher," he asked, "what must I do to inherit
eternal life?"
Jesus rebuked him saying only God was good and asked him about the
10 commandments.
20 "Teacher," he declared, "all these I have kept since I was a boy."
21 Jesus looked at him and loved him. "One thing you lack," he said. "Go,
sell everything you have and give to the poor, and you will have
treasure in heaven. Then come, follow me."
22 At this the man's face fell. He went away sad, because he had great
wealth.
25 It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than
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for a rich man to enter the kingdom of God."
Sharing our Resources
How does the Gospel reading continue?
Even the disciples doubted whether anyone
could be saved.
26 The disciples were even more amazed, and
said to each other, "Who then can be saved?"
27 Jesus looked at them and said, "With man this
is impossible, but not with God; all things are
possible with God."
By concerted action, and with God’s help we can achieve what to
some may be an impossible task.
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World Environment Day 2006
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Today is Environment Sunday
• Genesis 2:15 specifically calls us "to watch over and
care for" the bounty of the earth and its creatures.
• Scripture not only affirms this role, but warns that the
earth is not ours to abuse, own, or dominate.
• The Bible clearly says in Revelation 11:18 that "God will
destroy those who destroy the earth."
Rev Cizek
As the picture says: “There is hope” and
there are several excellent packs available
via the WEB such as this one to help us
integrate what we have covered in this
series with scriptures.
http://en.arocha.org/ukconsunday/index7.html
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Conclusions
• Need to act now otherwise we might have to make choice of
whether we drive 1.6 miles or heat an old person’s room
This is a challenge for Christians and people worldwide
WEBSITE www.cred-uk.org
This presentation will be available on
WEB from tomorrow:
>follow Academic Resources Link
Are you up to the Challenge?: Now is
the time for you to make your pledge?
"If you do not change direction, you
may end up where you are heading."
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Lao Tzu (604-531 BC) Chinese Artist and Taoist philosopher