Transcript Economic implications of projected changes to tuna

Adaptations and policies for
food security
Presented by
Johann Bell
Authors
This presentation is based on Chapter 13 ‘Adapting tropical
Pacific fisheries and aquaculture to climate change:
management measures, policies and investments’ in the
book Vulnerability of Tropical Pacific Fisheries and
Aquaculture to Climate Change, edited by JD Bell, JE
Johnson and AJ Hobday and published by SPC in 2011.
The authors of Chapter 13 are: Johann Bell, Neil Andrew,
Michael Batty, Lindsay Chapman, Jeffrey Dambacher, Brian
Dawson, Alex Ganachaud, Peter Gehrke, John Hampton,
Alistair Hobday, Ove Hoegh-Guldberg, Johanna Johnson, Jeff
Kinch, Robert Le Borgne, Patrick Lehodey, Janice Lough, Tim
Pickering, Morgan Pratchett, Aliti Vunisea and Michelle
Waycott
Purpose
• Practical adaptations and policies are needed
to minimise and fill the gap
Poorly-managed fisheries
Quantity of fish/habitat
a)
Fish needed by
growing population
Fish habitat
Fish
Fish available
available from
from
coastal
stocks
stocks
Gap in supply of
fish to be filled
Time
Well-managed fisheries
Quantity of fish/habitat
b)
Fish needed by
growing population
Fish habitat
Fish available from
stocks
Fish available from
coastal stocks
Time
Adaptation decision framework
Addresses climate change
Near-term Loss
Near-term Gain
Addresses present drivers
Long-term Loss
Lose-Lose
Long-term Gain
Lose-Win
X
X
Win-Lose

Win-Win
X


x
X
After Grafton (2010)
L-L
W-L
L-W
Win-win adaptations
W-W
Improves resilience of
coral reef, mangrove
and seagrass habitats
Manage and restore vegetation
cover in catchments
L-L
W-L
L-W
Win-win adaptations
W-W
Maintaining spawning
adults will help ensure
replenishment and build
resilience of key species
Sustain production of fish
stocks
L-L
W-L
L-W
W-W
Win-win adaptations
Store and distribute tuna and
bycatch from industrial fleets
to urban areas
L-L
W-L
L-W
W-W
Win-win adaptations
Increase access to tuna with
anchored inshore Fish
Aggregating Devices (FADs)
L-L
L-W
W-L
W-W
Win-win adaptations
Improve post-harvest methods
Photo: Jocelyn Carlin
L-L
W-L
L-W
W-W
Win-win adaptations
Develop pond aquaculture in
rural and peri-urban areas
Photo: Ben Ponia
L-L
L-W
W-L
W-W
Win-win adaptations
?
Develop coastal fisheries for
small pelagic species
Photo: Nathalie Behring
Other adaptations
L-L
L-W
W-L
W-W
Provide for landward migration
of coastal fish habitats
Other adaptations
L-L
L-W
W-L
W-W
Reduce and diversify catches
of demersal fish
Greater focus on herbivorous fish
Other adaptations
L-L
L-W
W-L
W-W
Allow for expansion of freshwater
fish habitats
Other adaptations
L-L
L-W
W-L
W-W
Modify locations and
infrastructure for aquaculture
Suggested supporting policies
• Strengthen governance of agriculture, forestry and
mining practices to prevent soil loss and pollution,
to safeguard fish habitats and water quality
• Minimise barriers to migration of coastal and
freshwater habitats
• Promote mangrove replanting programmes
• Apply ‘primary fisheries management’ to coastal
and freshwater stocks to maintain their potential
for replenishment
Suggested supporting policies
• Restrict export of demersal fish to retain them for
national food security
• Increase access to tuna for the food security by
reducing national allocations to industrial fleets
• Capitalise on opportunities for freshwater pond
aquaculture
• Limit farming of Nile tilapia to catchments where
tilapia species are already established, or there is a
shortage of fish
Key investments
 Revegetation of catchments to trap sediment and
maintain riparian (stream side) buffer zones
 Modify infrastructure to allow habitats to migrate
 Implement community-based ecosystem approach
to fisheries management
 Develop business models and incentives to store,
process and distribute of low-cost tuna and bycatch
 Assess feasibility of using licence fees to offset cost
of locally-canned tuna for inland populations
Key investments
 Surveys of best sites for installing inshore FADs
 Programmes to install and maintain FADs
 Identify prime locations for peri-urban and rural
pond aquaculture
 Hatcheries and networks to deliver juveniles
Evaluate merits of micro-credit schemes to develop
fisheries around FADs; expand pond aquaculture;
and scale-up post-harvest processing
Conclusions
• Win-win adaptations are available to reduce
risks and capitalise on opportunities
• Supporting policies and investments are needed
• Integrate adaptations, policies and investments
into national strategies and action plans for
climate change, including community-based
actions supported by partners