Transcript Energy and Sustainable Development”

“Energy
and
Sustainable Development”
JICA / ABJICA Forum on Energy
at Japan Foundation
February 20, 2003
Kiyotaka AKASAKA
Consul-General of Japan in Sao Paulo
The Johannesburg Summit (Rio+10)
from 2 to 4 September 2002
-The
Political Declaration
-The Plan of Implementation
 Poverty eradication
 Changing unsustainable patterns of consumption
and production (Energy, Transport, Waste,
Chemicals)
 Protecting and managing the natural base of
economic and social development (Water,
sanitation, Oceans, Disaster, Climate, Agriculture,
Desertification, Mountain, Tourism, Biodiversity,
Forests, Mining)
 Health and sustainable Development
WEHAB
Water
Halve, by 2015, the proportion of people who are
unable to reach or to afford safe drinking water
Energy
Improve access to reliable, affordable energy
services and resources
Health
Reduce infant and child mortality rates; reduce
maternal mortality ratios; halt the spread of HIV/AIDS
Agriculture Halve, by 2015, the proportion of people who
suffer from hunger
Biodiversity Achieve, by 2010, a significant reduction in the
current rate of loss of biological diversity
Energy issues at the Johannesburg Summit
1. Access to energy (poverty eradication)
2. Increase in the use of renewable energy
3. Kyoto Protocol (climate change)
Key Statistics about Energy

About 2.5 billion people lack access to modern
energy services.

World energy consumption is expected to grow at
the rate of 2% a year until 2020.

In South and Southeast Asia, about 2 billion
people use wood or other biomass for energy.

Global consumption of fossil fuels increased by
10% from 1992 to 1999. Fossil fuels provide about
80% of total global energy production and
consumption.

CO2s from the burning of fossil fuels account for
75% of greenhouse gas emissions.
The Summit agreed to take action to:

Improve access to reliable, affordable, economically
viable, socially acceptable and environmentally sound
energy services and resources.

Improve access to modern biomass technologies and
fuelwood sources and supplies.

Develop
national
energy
policies
and
regulatory
framework.

Assist, with the financial and technical assistance, the
access of the poor to reliable, affordable … energy
services.
Japan’s Energy Literacy Initiative
to promote energy education and to improve
people’s understanding on energy efficiency and
recycling

Energy-related programme for children

Energy-related courses for adults

Dispatch of energy experts

Development of an international network
Partners include Japan, UK, Australia, Republic of Korea,
Thailand, the Philippines, World Bank, UNEP and UNDP
Renewable energy

EU Proposal: industrialized countries should
increase the share of renewables by at least 2%
by 2010, to achieve the global share of 15% by
2010.
 Brazil’s
Proposal: increase the share of
renewables to 10% of total energy use in all
countries by 2010.
The share of renewable energy sources (1999)
World total
13.9%
Developed countries
6.2%
Developing countries
23.0%
The share of renewable energy
in the total primary energy supply
1999
Japan
USA
Canada
EU
UK
Germany
France
Austria
Sweden
4.9%
5.4
16.8
5.5
1.2
1.9
7.0
23.9
29.7
2010
targets
6.6%
6.9
12.0
-
Source: For 1999, OECD. For 2010 targets, Japan’s Energy Advisory Body.
Plan of Implementation
Final agreement on renewable energy
“With a sense of urgency, substantially increase the
global share of renewable energy sources with the
objective of increasing its contribution to total energy
supply, recognizing the role of national and voluntary
regional targets as well as initiatives, where they exist,
….”
The Kyoto Protocol
Reduction of the greenhouse gases from
the 1990 level by 2008-12
 Japan
-6%
 US
-7%
 EU
-8%
 Russia
 Australia
0%
+8%
CO2 emissions (1997)
6.3 billion carbon tons
Africa
3%
Others
15%
USA
24%
Middle East
4%
Latin Am.
5%
ASEAN+NIES
6%
EU
14%
India
4%
Japan
5%
Russia
6%
China
14%
CO2 Emissions/Population (1997)
(t-C/capita)
USA
EU
China
Russia
Japan
India
ASEAN+NIES
Latin Am.
Middle East
Africa
Others
OECD Total
World
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
CO2 Emissions/GDP (1997)
(kg-C/US$ using 1990 prices and exchange rates)
USA
EU
China
Russia
Japan
India
ASEAN+NIES
Latin Am.
Middle East
Africa
Others
OECD Total
World
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Japan’s Greenhouse Gas Emissions
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Ratio of Import
All energy
Oil
Canada
UK
USA
France
Germany
Italy
100
80
60
40
20
0
-20
-40
-60
-80
Japan
OECD “Energy balances (1998-1999)
Transition of Japan’s Primary Energy
Source: Japan’s Agency of Natural Resources and Energy (Enecho)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1955
Water
1965
Nuclear
1975
Coal
1985
Oil
1990
Natural Gas
1995
Others
Japan’s Sources of Primary Energy Supply (%)
Sources
FY1973
FY2000
Oil
77%
52%
Coal
15
18
Natural gas
2
13
Nuclear
1
12
Hydro
4
3
Geothermal
0
0.2
New energies
1
1
Source: Japan’s Agency of Natural Resources and Energy (Enecho)
The Energy Policy of the Government of Japan
•Energy saving
•Increase the share of renewable energies
current 4.9%  7% in FY2010
(million KL)
FY1999
FY2010 target
New Energies
Hydro
Geothermal
7
21
1
19
20
1
Total
29
40
Source: Japan’s Agency of Natural Resources and Energy (Enecho)
International comparison, 2000
(1,000KW)
Photovoltaic
applications
Wind power
Japan
USA
Germany
Spain
UK
317
139
114
9
1
144
2,555
6,113
2,402
409
World
712
17,706
Source: IEA, NEDO
Demand for the use of new energies
FY1999
FY2010 target
Green energy
automobiles
65,000 units
3,480,000 units
Natural gas
co-generation
1.5 million KW
4.6 million KW
12,000 KW
2.2 million KW
Fuel cells
Source: Japan’s Agency of Natural Resources and Energy (Enecho)
Nuclear energy
1/3 of Japan’s electric power supply comes from nuclear
Sources of Japan’s electric power supply
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
1980
1985
Nuclear
1990
Oil
1995
Coal
LNG
2000
Hydro
2005
2010
Others
Sources of Japan’s Primary Energy Supply (%)
Sources
Oil
Coal
Natural gas
Nuclear
Hydro
Geothermal
New energies
Renewable energies
FY1999
FY2010 Target
52.0%
17.4
12.7
13.0
3.6
0.2
1.1
About 45%
About 19
About 14
About 15
About 3
About 0.2
About 3
4.9
About 7
Source: Japan’s Agency of Natural Resources and Energy (Enecho)
Future agenda
•Plan of Implementation for Johannesburg Summit
•Dialogue between oil producing and consuming
countries
•Post-Kyoto climate change negotiations
-Targets
-Developing countries
-Sinks and renewable energies
Energy for sustainable development
•Economic growth
•Energy security
•Environmental protection
Thank you for your attention