Transcript Diapositiva 1

Sustainable Agriculture Network
(SAN) Climate Module:
criteria for adaptation and mitigation
Oliver Bach
SAN Secretariat
[email protected]
GHG
Industrial sources
Land use sources
Carbon dioxide
(CO2)
Burning of fossil fuels Deforestation and
and cement production burning of forests
Methane (CH4)
Landfills, coal mining,
natural gas production
Wetland conversion,
Rice paddies, cattle
production, wastewater
Burning of fossil fuels,
Nitrous Oxide (N2O) production of nitric
acid
Use of fertilizers,
Burning of biomass
Hidrofluorcarbonos
(HFCs)
---
Perfluorcarbons
(PFCs)
Industrial processes,
manufacturing
Sulphur Hexafluorur Electric transmission
(SF6)
------
What human activities
cause GHG emissions?
•14% of all GHG emissions from
agriculture - erosion, soil tillage, irrigation,
fertilizer use, burning of biomass and livestock
digestive systems
• Including deforestation – nearly 30% of
global GHG emissions – mostly due to
large scale agribusinesses such as oil palm, soy,
cattle, pulpwood plantations
• Cattle production contributes up to 18% of
all GHG emissions (FAO, 2006)
Agriculture’s global
carbon footprint
Climate Change + Costa Rican Agriculture
• Raising temperature will affect sugarcane
production: less sugar content, more competition
from weeds and more severe rat pests.
• Cattle production and rice plantations have been
suffering huge losses in the dry Northwest
• Extreme floods
have affected banana
production
• Cattle land occupies 25% of CR territory, generates 11% of
gross product and gives employment to 300.000 people
• Cattle production dominated by traditional production
models with monoculture pastures and pasture degradation
• Silvopastoral systems have a 20-40% increased meat or
milk production
• Higher bird and butterfly biodiversity
• CATIE: Carbon fixation in NW farms:
1. Secondary forests (178,7 t C)
2. Wood plantations (142,4 t C)
3. Improved pastures with high
tree density (107,1 t C)
4. Degraded pastures (60,2 t C).
Cattle
Production
12000
10711
10682
10000
8606
9800
8870
9003
9100
7874
8000
8004
6000
4000
2000
0
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
Organic Agriculture in Costa
Rica (production hectares)
8052
• Domestic organic agriculture products
receive same price as conventional products
• Agroforestry incentives only for some
specific areas through environmental
payment services
• Coopedota first carbon neutral PAS 2060
certified coffee cooperative
• No significant public incentives for low
carbon footprint agriculture
Costa Rica wants to be the first carbon
neutral country of the world in 2021
Pesticide imports (tons) and agriculture
area (100s of ha) 1977 - 2008
SAN
Climate Module
Standard Setter
for Rainforest
Alliance
Certified™ farms
Conservación
y
Desarrollo
(Ecuador)
FIIT
(Guatemala)
SalvaNatura
(El Salvador)
Rainforest
Alliance
(Costa Rica)
Sustainable
Agriculture
Network
Fundación
Natura
(Colombia)
ICADE
(Honduras)
Pronatura Sur
(Mexico)
Nature
Conservation
Foundation
(India)
IMAFLORA
(Brazil)
 Farms use sustainable practices that are good for
the climate, including…
- Increasing land under conservation and
restoration
- Maintaining energy efficiency plans
- Water conservation and treatment of wastewater
- Planned and efficient application of fertilizers and
priority to organic fertilization
- Reduce the amount of waste produced
- No cutting of natural forest or
land burning
- Increase ground cover
Rainforest Alliance CertifiedTM + Climate Module
• New, additional, robust climate criteria
• Add-on module to existing standard
Climate-friendly
Agriculture
Raise climate awareness and
create added value for farmers
Encourage increased carbon
sequestration in soil and plants
Promote reduction of greenhouse
gas (GHG) emissions on farms
Stimulate greater preparedness for
adaptation strategies
Objectives of the SAN
Climate Module
1
A comprehensive approach, including:
• GHG inventory/measurement of emissions
sources
• Improved emissions reductions planning and
actions
• Quantification and inventory of carbon in
trees and soils
• Risk assessment and strategies to adapt to
climate change and extreme weather events
Criteria closely linked between the existing SAN
Standards – recognizes and builds on what
producers already do
The SAN Climate Module: How it works
Public Consultation
Process (2009-2010)
http://clima.sanstandards.org/
Workshops + field tests: Brazil, Costa Rica, El
Salvador, Ghana, Guatemala, Indonesia, Kenya
Colombia
Costa Rica
Guatemala
Brazil
Mexico
United Kingdom
United States
Germany
Peru
Indonesia
El Salvador
Kenya
Ghana
Venezuela
Panamá
Netherlands
India
Canada
Nigeria
Nicaragua
Honduras
Dominic Republic
Bolivia
Switzerland
Italy
Ethiopia
Uruguay
Sweden
Sri Lanka
Spain
Portugal
Philippines
Paraguay
New Zealand
Malaysia
Ecuador
Cuba
Chile
Cambodia
Botswana
Belgium
41 countries and
169 organizations
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
(1.12) Assess climate risks and vulnerabilities; include plans
to adapt to & mitigate climate change.
(1.13) Annual records of main GHG sources
(1.14) Access information on climate variability and its
predicted impacts
(1.15) Maps of land use and records of land use changes
(1.16) Adaptation and mitigation practices included in
training and education programs
(1.17) Choose service providers that incorporate climatefriendly practices in their operations
The SAN Climate Module:
How it works – 15 criteria
ECOSYSTEM CONSERVATION
(2.10) Plant native or adapted species & promote natural
regeneration, to reduce vulnerability and prevent degradation.
(2.11) Maintain/increase carbon stocks by planting or conserving
trees or other woody biomass. Do tree inventories every five years.
WATER CONSERVATION
(4.10) Analyze and implement wastewater treatment options that
reduce methane emissions from wastewater treatment
(4.11) Adapt to water scarcity by practices such as harvesting and
storing rainwater and selecting drought tolerant crop varieties.
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY
(6.21) Be prepared for emergencies and plan response for extreme
weather events - prevent damage to people, animals and property.
The SAN Climate Module:
How it works – 15 criteria
COMMUNITY RELATIONS
(7.7) Initiate/ participate in community’s climate change adaptation
and mitigation efforts.
INTEGRATED CROP MANAGEMENT
(8.10) Reduce nitrous oxide emissions through the efficient use of
nitrogen fertilizers.
SOIL MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION
(9.6) Maintain/increase soil carbon stocks by implementing climatefriendly soil management practices.
INTEGRATED WASTE MANAGEMENT
(10.1) Implement organic residue management practices that
reduce GHG emissions.
The SAN Climate Module:
How it works – 15 criteria
FOR FARMERS
• Increase access to “green” markets and climate responsible
businesses
• Potential for added product value through differentiation
• Position farm for inclusion in government Payment for
Environmental Services programs
• Help “buffer” farm against climate changes, reduce risk of
adverse impacts on production
FOR COMPANIES AND BRANDS
• Products in-line with company’s climate-related CSR strategy
• A strategic step towards a low-carbon business model
• Promote and respond to consumers' demand for low-carbon
products
The SAN Climate Module: Benefits
• Carbon-footprinting methodology
• Life Cycle Analysis
• ‘Carbon neutral’ module or label
• Focused to generate Carbon Offsets
The SAN Climate Module is NOT…
Standard for Sustainable Cattle
Production Systems
INTEGRATED CATTLE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
SUSTAINABLE RANGE AND PASTURE MANAGEMENT
ANIMAL WELFARE
REDUCING THE CARBON FOOTPRINT
ADDITIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS FOR
CATTLE FARMS