Transcript WRM - SNV World

Water Resource Management in Rwanda
“Everybody's business”
Rwanda Water Partnership
25 April 2012
Trends in Rwanda
• Increased demand (irrigation/drinking)
• Ecological degradation (erosion,
deforestation)
• Flooding
• Drought
• Water contamination (mines, agro-chemicals)
>Use>Competition>Water stress
Title
2
Game changer
Climate
change
Title
3
Global warming
• Increasing temperature
Climate
• Changing rain patterns
• Flooding
• Droughts
Agriculture
Salud
Health
•Spreading of tropical
diseases: dengue,
malaria, colera, yellow
fever
•Respiratory and cardiac
deseases
• Extreme weather events
• Sea level rise
•Erosion of soil and
nutrients
•Changing agronomic
conditions
•Changing crops
•Different insects
Consequences
Climate water- and food security
Minimum of 5
litres de
water/day
A minimum for drinking ,
cooking, washing 50 lts.
But, one person in the
EEUU uses between
250 y 300 lts/day for
personal use and
garden
Climate water and food security
It is more:
One ha of wheat consumes between 5 y 16
millons lts (depending on climate and
tecnological level)
1 yoghurt = 300 lt.
1 bread = 40 lt.
1 hamburger = 2,300 lt.
How many people are facing
Food insecurity in Rwanda
today?
1. Situation has improved
since 2006
100%
2. Currently:
1.9 million people live in
households that are either
food insecure (0.4 million) or
at risk of becoming food
insecure (1.5 million) should
one or more shocks occur
80%
65.4
78.5
60%
40%
20%
27.9
17.3
0%
6.7
4.2
2006
2009
acceptable
borderline
poor
8
Climate change and
human development
It is vital to
increase focus
on adaptation
climate change
Poor families have
developed creative
strategies to cope with
climate change
However, the current rate of CC creates
high risks and vulnerabilities.
Vulnerability to climate change
•
Vulnerable livelihoods
1. Low income agriculturalists (24% of total
hh)
2. Agro laborers (19%)
3. Marginal livelihoods (4%)
•
Refugees living in camps
•
People living with HIV aids
•
Other vulnerable households
Title
10
Rwanda climate change assessment (REMA)
Title
11
Rwanda Low carbon and adaptation strategy
Title
12
Why IWRM?
Water is essential for socio-economic development
Future threats of high losses through
• Water insecurity
• More floods and erosion
• droughts
Title
13
What is IWRM?
IWRM is a process which promotes the
coordinated development and
management of water, land and related
resources, in order to maximize the
resultant economic and social welfare in
an equitable manner without
compromising the sustainability of vital
ecosystems (GWP).
14
IWRM components
15
Integration of what?
 Hydrological components: catchment, sources, surface and
ground water, access, uses, distribution, quantity y quality.
 Water soil and environment: processes of erosion,
degradation, biodiversity.
 Water-soil-ecosystem and socio- economic-cultural
system: landuse planning, economic functions, other human
activities.
 Institutional integration. Dialogue between multiple actors,
social arrangements, norms, conflict resolution, knowledge, and
capacities.
Title
16
Hydrological and administrative scales
Macro Water basin
National-international
Meso Catchment
District Province
Watershed /Micro watershed
Sector, Municipality
Title
17
So, is integrality a luxury or reality?
Farmers
Erosion
Irrigation
Water
supply
Waste
water
Tourism
Industry
Flooding
Integrated water management
nice but …
A former employer said:
• “If you want a something not to be realized: you tell them it
should be more integral”
• “Integrality is nice for philosophic deliberations but not apt for
practical action”
IWRM partial and IWRM complete
Complete IWRM
• Based in legislative and institutional reform and intersectoral
implementation (long term, political)
Partial IWRM
• Based on individual and institutional actions within the
catchment applying the WRM principles (practical, immediate)
Title
20
IWRM and WASH: Integrated water chain
Conventional
water service
1
Production of
raw water
2
3
Potabilization
Distribution Service /
use
4
Waste-water
Sewage
Partial IWRM in WASH
5
Recycling
IWRM in Water Sanitation and Hygiene
1
Raw
water,
Water
source,
catchment,
INtersectora
l distribution
(agriculture,
drinking
water etc),
Long term
planning
Water
balance
2
Purification
Distributio
n
•Purification
tecnology
•Operation &
maintenance
3
Service /
use
•Sustainable,
equitable
access
•Service
provision
•Payment
•Multiple
uses
4
Waste
water
•.Collection
•Evacuation,
drainage
•Costs of
collection
Sustainable WASH services
5
Recycling
•Treatment
•Recycling
•Reintegrati
on in nature
system
•Nutrients
•Economic
activities
related to
waste water
•Methane
capture
IWRM and WASH (Cluster)
Social
organizations
Knowledge centres
Universities,
vocational training
Regulator
NGO´s
Production of
raw water
Government
(policies)
Service / use
Waste water
Treatment &
recycling-
Catchment
Tourism
companies
financial services
Farmers
Private
companies:
spare parts;
polluters
SNV Experience Bolivia:
National Catchment Management Plan
• Catchment considered as living space.
• Implementation based on: action, research, learning.
• Promotion of water users organizations and regional platforms,
with horizontal and vertical linkages.
• Main challenge: political interference. Strong need for decision
framework with agreed rules and process steps.
Title
24
SNV experience Zimbabwe:
set up catchment councils
• Catchment Councils to safeguard users’ equitable access to-
and sustainable management of fresh surface water and
groundwater resources.
• Joint analysis and planning of Water Resources Development
and Management.
• Main challenge: intercultural communication. How to manage
disparate users with different sub cultures and disparate
interest (large farmers, peasant communities, city, industry,
parks,)
Title
25
Hydrological space for the people
of Rwanda
• hydrographical
network
(2km/km2)
• Two hydrographical
basins: The Nile
basin and the
Congo basin
26
Rwanda WRM strategy: The Mission
• The mission of the Government in the management of water
resources is to ensure protection, conservation, restoration and
rational use of water resources to meet the country’s medium
and long term socio-economic development goals.
Title
27
WRM strategy: The principles
• Water is a finite resource
• Water is human right
• Water resource is an economic good
Economic value
Social value
Environmental value
• Water is a social good
• Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM)
• Participatory management
• Catchment-based water resources management
• Impacts of climate change on the water resource
• Internationally shared water resources
Title
28
And now IWRM actions!
• Awareness raising?
• Information gathering?
• Building water reservoirs?
• Forestry?
• Organization?
• Low carbon economy?
Title
29
Lead questions
1. How to increase the participation and involvement of the
stakeholders in implementation of IWRM at all levels.
2. How to improve the coordination of the various interventions
national and local level.
3. How to enhance the resilience of our communities to water
stress and climate change.
Title
30
Useful sites for information
Rwanda institutional/policy WRM framework
RNRA http://www.minirena.gov.rw/spip.php?article135
(Old version of water law. No WRM strategy)
IWRM
GWP for theory about IRWM and toolbox.
•
www.gwp.org
•
IRC for partial IWRM
•
www.irc.nl
Climate change
www.unep.org/climatechange/
Climate change assessment and low carbon strategy of Rwanda
•
Rema www.rema.gov.rw
•
FAO
Title
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SNV Water team
• Beatrice Mukasine ([email protected]),
• Richard Nyirishema ([email protected]),
• Michiel Verweij ([email protected])
Title
32
Towards IWRM through collaboration and
partnerships
Kigali 25th April 2012
Time
8h00-9h00
9h00- :9h15
9h15-10h00
Description
Registration of participants
Welcome Remarks / Presentation participants
Opening remarks
Presentation: Rwanda WRM Policy, Strategy and Law
10h00-10h20
Health Break
10h20-11h00
Open Discussion and Questions
Who
Secretariat
RWP Chair
RNRA
Mr Kabalisa, D/DG WRM
All participants
Moderator
11h00-11h30
IWRM and water security
SNV
11h30-12h00
Water security and climate change : Introduction of
Bugesera Project
Mr SAFARI Patrick
12h00-12h30
SNV
13:00h-14h00
Children from water vulnerability to water strength.
presentation and discussion
Lunch
14h-15h00
Breakout sessions: Thematic Group works
All participants
15h00-15h30
Plenary: presentations from the Groups
Moderator and secretariat
15h30-16h00
Election of new Rwanda Water Partnership ( Leadership
Committee)
16h00-16h10
Conclusions and Way forward Closure
Mr SAFARI Patrick
16h10-16h30
Closing Remarks
Chair RWP
All participants
RWP