Transcript Slide 1

Governance, urban planning
and climate resilient cities in
Africa.
The case of Dar es Salaam
T. Vedeld, W Kombe, C
Kweka-Msala, S. Hellevik
NFU Annual Conference, 26-27 November,
2012
26/11/2012
Siri Bjerkreim Hellevik
Senior development researcher
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Introduction
Dar es Salaam:
• Population 3 million
• 75% of population live in informal settlements
• Rapid urbanisation: 1960s-70s : less than 20 big unplanned
settlements, 1980s: almost 100. Currently: over 150 large
settlements
• Many settlements on low-lying areas, wetlands areas
• Recurrent episodes of flooding in recent years
• December 2011- worst flood, 40 died, damages to assets and
livelihoods for thousands
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Slide 2
Methods
• Review of policies, legal acts and national/international
literature,
• Semi-structured interviews with decision makers, practitioners
and local community members at various levels and
• Field observation
• Maps
• 2010-2013
• All authors have collected data in the field
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Slide 3
Dar es Salaam city
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Slide 4
Governance actors
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Dar es Salaam city council
Regional and district commissioners
Regional Secretariat
Three municipalities
Ward level
Sub-ward level (Mtaa level)
Private developers
Parastatal service delivery actors
International and local NGOs
Community-based organisations
Bilateral and multilatera donors, foundations (e.g. Clinton
Foundation)
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Bonde la Mpunga
• Highly risk exposed and vulnerable informal settlement in the
city of Dar es Salaam
• Old settlement
• Wetlands area
• TANESCO built office
• Attractive area- on the Msasani peninsula
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Slide 6
Urban land use control and planning—
planning for disaster risk management?
• No specific budget subvote/ expenditure on climate change
nor climate related environmental issues.
• Only central government funds for disaster risk management
• No budget allocation for land use development control
• Land use development is largely informal and based on
private buyers’ motives and interests
• E.g. Kinondoni MC has no specific unit for land development
control; land development control matters are handled as
additional and not core function
Slide 7
Urban land use control and planning—
planning for disaster risk management?
• Ministry of Land, Housing and Human Settlements Development
(MLHHSD) and local government shares responsibility
• National work on planning little attention to disaster risk
management
• Separate disaster management authority within PMO’s office,
but few staff
• local community action in disasters and some preparatory work
(clear drains)
• Regional and district commissioner’s committees operative in
emergencies, but no prevention work
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Slide 8
Climate change adaptation and urban
planning
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CC units and funding are centralized in sector ministries
Minister of environment within the Vice President’s Cffice
Environment Division within the Vice President’s Office
Climate related issues addressed indirectly in preparation
of plans (e.g. wetlands, flood plains, areas vulnerable to
sea water rise).
• BUT: Land use control not enforced- creates problems of
flooding
• No specific budget subvote/ expenditure on climate change
nor climate related environmental issues
Slide 9
Climate change adaptation and urban
planning (cont.)
• Bureaucrats including planners, engineers, land managers,
senior politicians (councilors and mayors), municipal
directors hardly informed.
• No environmental officers in Regional, district/municipal,
ward and mtaa administrative levels
• Mtaa/ Village and Sub-Ward levels environment
committees mainly deal with solid waste management and
other environmental related issues
• International projects to strengthen CCA in DSM: ACC
Dar, 50 Municipal Climate Partnership, C40 Climate
Leadership Group (with Clinton Foundation)
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Slide 10
Service delivery actors
• Key sectors involved in urban service delivery should be
involved in DRM and CCA
• Limited availability of key services to the low income part of the
population
• 92% do not have access to the sewerage system and use
pit latrines.
• Poor drainage systems
• shared responsibility for maintenance of the different roads
• municipality often fail to regularly clean, and fully maintain
storm water drains
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Slide 11
Service delivery (cont.)
• Natural storm drains from encroachment by informal home
builders
• Water and sanitation, deconcentrated services by parastatals,
no sewerage pipes in informal settlements, only 6% of the built
up areas in Dar es Salaam have sewerage or septic tank systems.
• waste collection and solid waste, municipal Councils are also
responsible, private companies, small waste collectors using
push carts
• BUT: weak cleaning of drains and massive amounts of solid
waste lying around clogging up drains
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Slide 12
Conclusions
• More preparation work needed
• Build on ongoing local community action
• Early warning system including using community
organisations/units, e.g. community prayer groups,
housing zones/clusters, and various social groups for
communication and mobilisation of people in disaster risk
management and in preparedness, such as cleaning
drains
• Land use planning to integrate CCA and DRM
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