Transcript Slide 1

ACWUA 2nd International Conference and Exhibition
New Prospects and Challenges for the Water
Sector in the Arab Region
January 27 - 29, 2013
Amman, Jordan
“Engineering Projects in the Water Sector: a Low
Carbon Development Perspective”
Jihad Abu Jamous / Shada El-Sharif – Arabtech Jardaneh
Theme 3: Water Science for Policy and Governance
Beyond MDGs: Water Resources and the Green Economy Paradigm
CLIMATE CHANGE? ENGINEERING?
“Climate change is a complex problem, which, although
environmental in nature, has consequences for all
spheres of existence on our planet. It either impacts
on-- or is impacted by-- global issues, including
poverty, economic development, population
growth, sustainable development and resource
management. It is not surprising, then, that
solutions come from all disciplines and fields of
research and development” , United Nations
Framework Convention for Climate Change
(UNFCCC)
OUTLINE
 Trends in Low Carbon Development (Global,
Regional)
 Green Economy & the Water Sector: Jordanian
perspective
 New drivers for engineering projects
 NAMAs as a CC Project Framework
 Evolving Team Structures
 Case study: Jordan NAMA project
 Opportunities for the water sector
CLIMATE CHANGE & GLOBAL
MILESTONES: RIO – JUNE 2012
 RIO + 20 UN Conference on Sustainable Development.
Key themes: Green Economy, Sustainable
Development, Poverty Eradication, Institutional
Frameworks
 Biggest UN Conference ever held, over 188 counties
and 100 heads of state represented
 More than $513 billion in commitments for SD in
energy, transport, green economy, disaster reduction,
desertification, water, forests and agriculture
 692 voluntary commitments for SD by governments,
businesses, NGOs and academia
RIO – JUNE 2012
“We emphasize that green economy should contribute
to eradicating poverty as well as sustained economic
growth, enhancing social inclusion, improving
human welfare and creating opportunities for
employment and decent work for all, while
maintaining the healthy functioning of the Earth’s
ecosystems”
Draft Resolution – RIO+20
CC & RECENT GLOBAL MILESTONES:
COP 18 DOHA- DEC. 2012
 Keeps the Kyoto Protocol alive
• Launches a new commitment period (only countries
who commit can use CDM/JI process)
• Reviews the commitment in 2014
 Establishes a timetable and milestone for 2015
Agreement
• Continuous the efforts to raise the level of ambition to
close the mitigation gap (more global commitment
needed for GHG reduction)
CC & RECENT GLOBAL MILESTONES:
COP 18 DOHA- DEC. 2012
 Long term financing:
• Fast Start Financing to reach US$100bn by 2020
• $8.5bn in new financing pledged (UK, Germany,
France, Denmark, Sweden and EU Commission)
 Green Climate Fund (GCF):
• Confirming Songdo, South Korea, to host GCF
CC: OTHER MILESTONES
 Copenhagen Accord: endorsed by 141 parties
(2009), but not binding
 Key elements formalized as UN decision in 2010
Cancun Agreements
 Cancun Agreements: CC as global challenge, global
warming should not exceed 2oC; Low Emissions
Development Strategy (LEDS); Adaptation
Framework
REGIONAL CONTEXT
International organizations active in CC initiatives
in MENA:
 European Neighbourhood Partnership
Instrument(ENPI); Clima South (knowledge sharing,
capacity building, policy)
 EU-UNDP Low Emission Capacity Building Program
(LECBP)
 Mediterranean Strategy for Sustainable Development
(UNEP/MAP)
 UNEP-Sustainable Buildings and Construction Initiative
(SBCI) – FIDIC
 AFED Green Economy Report for the Arab World - 2011
 Arab Sustainability Leadership Group (ASLG) – Queen
Rania Initiative
 World Future energy Summit 2013 (annual) - Masdar
 Growing number of policies / strategies by countries of
the region (e.g. National Energy Efficiency Action Plans)
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JORDAN CONTEXT: THE OPPORTUNITIES
Adaptation frameworks (health, water, energy, agriculture,
education) UN and line ministries
Mitigation actions (Kyoto, GHG reporting, active MoE, CDM,
preliminary NAMA list)
NEEDs: proposed financing for adaptation projects in water sector &
other mitigation projects
Strong technical capabilities (> 100,000 engineers, 1:83)
Green Economy Study; RE and EE Law; new building and plumbing
codes; W/E strategy
Organizations with a “green” agenda: the Jordan Green Building
Council, Jordan Engineers Association, A/E Business Council, Royal
Scientific Society, ministries
Numerous donor funded programs (EU, USAID, AFD, WB, KfW, GIZ
...etc)
Samra STP: case study for smart energy concept / CDM potential /
successful PPP
EVOLVING PROJECT CONSIDERATIONS
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Climate Change Adaptation driven projects:
Coastal engineering (sea level rise)
Watershed management / flood assessments (flood risk)
Water resource management (changing T, R)
Emergency response systems (natural disasters)
Healthcare facilities (health risks)
Sustainable design in building and infrastructure
(adaptation to dwindling resources)
Water demand management / new supplies, water loss
reduction, wastewater reuse (e.g. Jordan water strategy)
Most vulnerable countries (ME: water scarcity, climatesensitive agriculture, coastal populations, conflicts)
EVOLVING PROJECT CONSIDERATIONS
 Climate Change Mitigation driven projects:
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Energy efficient design (reduce fossil fuel consumption /
GHG emissions)
Renewable energy projects (clean energy: solar, wind,
biomass)  e.g. Samra biogas/hydropower aspects
Sustainable infrastructure (public transportation, energy
efficient water pumping)
Landfill gas capture and energy production
Agriculture and forests
Carbon Storage and Sequestration
Fuel switch projects
THE OVERLAP: NATIONAL PRIORITIES / CC
CONTEXT
National
Priorities
Climate
Change
Adaptation
/
Mitigation
NAMAS: AS CC PROJECT CONTEXT
 Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions:
• Originated from the Bali Action Plan in 2007, supported in COP17 2011
• Nationally appropriate mitigation actions by developing
country parties in the context of SD, supported and enabled
by technology, financing and capacity building in a
measureable, reportable and verifiable manner (MRV)
Support
seeking
NAMAs
NAMA Registry
International
Support
• Flexible concept, can be laws , policies, projects 
countries can lead in shaping them
NAMA MAJOR OBJECTIVES
Source: NAMA project Consultant team
CASE STUDY: JORDAN NAMA
 Jordan among the first countries globally to submit a
preliminary list of NAMAs to UNFCCC secretariat
 GoJ requested technical and financial assistance in
further developing and prioritizing its NAMAs
 World Bank / PPIAF funded technical assistance
project
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Long list of NAMAs  short list
Focus on key infrastructure sectors (water, waste,
energy transport)
Potential for private sector participation (PSP)
Green House Gas reduction potential
Alignment with national priories
Scalability / relplicability in Jordan and the region
Climate finance potential
Pre-feasibility for pilot NAMA
JORDAN CONTEXT: THE CHALLENGES
 6.5 million growing
population (transient
populations)
 Resource poor / developing
economy:
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Water scarcity
Frail state of energy security
Weak public transportation
system
Overstretched waste
management systems (strategy
needed)
Rising utility prices
PROJECT KEY PLAYERS
Project
Direction / Funding
World
Bank /
Carbon
Finance
Assist
PPIAF (Public
Private
Infrastructure
Advisory
Facility)
Beneficiary: Government of Jordan
Focal Point:
Ministry of
Environment
Consultant Team
Public Sector
(Infrastructure)
Private Sector
(PSP, Banks)
Banking /
Financial
Climate
Change and
PPP Experts
Technical /
Engineering
Legal /
Policy
EVOLVING TEAM STRUCTURES
Multidisciplinary
• Engineers (transport, waste, energy,
water)
• Legal / policy
• Economists / bankers
• PPP expertise
• Climate change
• Capacity building
Multi-cultural /
lingual
• Lead consultants: SDA (Argentine) and
URS (UK)
• Consultants on the ground: AJ (Jordan)
and Eversheds (Jordan)
• Developing / developed country
experience
Multistakeholder
• Private Sector
• Public Sector (Ministry of Environment /
other ministries)
• Project proponent
KEY PROJECT COMPONENTS
Literature Review (national communications, sectoral
analysis, int’l context)
Data Collection / Analysis for NAMA long list (matrix,
questionnaire, interviews) / regulatory overview
First short list: size, policy, replicability, GHG potential,
Climate Finance, PSP, national priority
First regional workshop: participatory approach to
identify pilot NAMA  IWWTP
Pre-feasibility study for selected NAMA (technical
and financial analysis)  Final Workshop
JORDAN NAMA: PROJECT LANDSCAPE
Long List:
Final Long
list
•51 projects
•CDM included
•4 sectors
•20 projects
•Minus CDM
Short List: 5
projects
Selection of Pilot NAMA:
Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant
Source: NAMA project Consultant team
IWWTP DESIGN APPROACH: PILOT NAMA
CONTEXT
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Water conservation / ww reuse
Energy efficiency / minimize GHG emissions
Environmental protection and social considerations
Minimize sludge and maximize biogas
Revenue streams (water and energy sales)
Public and private sector interests
Climate finance potential
Sound technical design: 4 waste streams corresponding to
effluent types, three stage treatment more adaptable
• Finance mix: industries, banks, public (land), carbon finance
• Regulatory / policy framework
TYPICAL IWWTP DESIGN APPROACH
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Typically led by the public sector
Technical approach: mix different wastes in single process
Minimal treatment standard (reuse not always considered)
Sludge disposal
Business potential / private sector participation not explored
Minimal environmental compliance
Social / climate change adaptation / mitigation rarely
considered
• More technically focussed; minimal consideration for issues of
climate change, economy, private sector participation
EVOLVING PROJECT CONSIDERATIONS
Wastewater Collection
• Quantity
• Quality
• Cost
•WW Collection fees
• Potential private
sector stakeholders
•Environmental and
social value
Treatment Process
• Stages
• Streams
• Phys / chem /
biological
• Cost
•Project company /
investment opportunity
• Technical / Economic
considerations of
treatment process
• Capture resources
(biogas, sludge, heat)
Treated WW
• Disposal
• Reuse
• Sludge
• Cost
•Sales of TSE
• Compost sales
•Energy sales (biogas)
•Biodiesel?
•Environmental and
social value
•Policy and legal framework (PPPs, water & environmental laws, wastewater standards)
•Climate finance potential (CDM, GCF, Env Fund – policy/ project level)
•Public private interface (strong national procurement: output based / SD considered)
•Framework for replicability
•Feasibility
BARRIERS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR CONSULTING ENGINEERS
Business opportunities:
new markets /
countries / funds
Role in green growth
Unfamiliar concepts
Lack of multidisciplinary
/ multi cultural
experience
Learning curve
OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE WATER SECTOR
 Utilities and water companies can make use of growing
international support for “green projects” in developing
partnerships and accessing additional sources of finance
 FIDIC defines Sustainable Infrastructure as that which is able to
“deliver its service over its lifetime, efficiently and reliably, and it
needs to be adaptable and resilient to change and shock”
 Projects that consider sustainability from inception  end of life:
• Minimal reliance on non-renewable resources
• Maximum benefit to the environment and society
• Achieve economic prosperity
• Ensure stakeholder buy-in
• Have a long useful life
Improved Project
Performance and Durability
RECOMMENDATIONS
 Capacity building for the public and private sector on
global / regional climate change developments and
implications on emerging engineering project
frameworks (focus on water sector)
 Facilitate cross-cultural/ regional collaboration and
networking (CC and Water are cross-border issues)
 Climate change driven projects are complex and have
country / region – specific considerations 
innovations are needed. Approaches like NAMAs are
great opportunities for innovation and finding
“appropriate” solutions for each context