Transcript AOS 2 - Uniservity CLC

Today you will:
• Know what ‘primary’ chords are and how to perform them using
inversions (AOS 2)
• Understand new musical terms relating to timbre (AOS 4)
By the end of the lesson you will be able to:
• form and perform primary chords using inversions
• Understand terms such as: pizzicato, arco, con sordini, doublestopping, tremolo
Harmony
• Harmony is created when 2 or more different pitches
sound together
• You already know that some combinations of notes make
a pleasant sound yet others create a harsh sound
LEARN THESE TERMS
• Consonant – notes sound well together
• Dissonant – clashing sounding notes
Intervals
• Intervals create consonant and dissonant
sounds
Keyboard Task
• 3rd, 5th, 6th and an octave create ?
• 2nd, 4th, 7th create ?
Harmony
• It is more common to have three notes in a chord e.g. 1st
(or root) 3rd 5th or triads
• The ‘root’ of a chord is the note the chord is built on and
named after
• A triad can be built on any of the notes of any major or
minor scale
Primary Chords
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
The 1st , 4th and 5th chords are the most important chords in any key
Work out primary chords using a
different scale
Remember T T S T T T S
What name notes make up a scale starting
on G?
Primary chords using G scale
1
g
a
b
4
c
5
d
e
f#
g
Keyboard Task
Using your knowledge of major scales TTSTTTS, find the Primary Chords
for F major (starting on F) and D major (starting on D). You may need paper
to write down scale notes
Today you will:
• Know what ‘primary’ chords are and how to perform them using
inversions (AOS 2)
• Understand new musical terms relating to timbre (AOS 4)
By the end of the lesson you will be able to:
• form and perform primary chords using inversions
• Understand terms such as: pizzicato, arco, con sordini, doublestopping, tremolo
What are inversions and why use them?
Many people get all confused when chords are turned upside down. We grow up playing chords in root position, which
means that the name of the chord is on the bottom, with the other two notes an interval of a 3rd above each other. (E is a
3rd above C, and G is a 3rd above E). For example, when we play the C chord in root position, C is the lowest note in the
chord, so it seems obvious that it is the C chord. (C E G)
But when we see the C chord with E on the bottom, or G on the bottom, it's not so obvious, partly because the chord is no
longer a stack of 3rds.
Chords upside down are called "inversions".
Here's the deal: Every 3 note chord (called a "triad" -- trio -- tricycle -- meaning "3") can be played in 3 different positions -inversions:
Root position = The name of the chord is the bottom note (C E G)
1st inversion = The name of the chord is the top note (E G C)
2nd inversion = The name of the chord is the middle note (G C E)
So when C is the lowest note of the C chord, it is called "root position".
When C is the top note of the C chord, it is called "1st inversion". And when C is the middle note of the C chord, it is called
"2nd inversion".
Why are inversions used? to move smoothly from chord to chord instead of jumping or leaping around the keyboard.
C major
root
position
first inversion
second inversion
Using Inversions and primary
chords
• Find several ways on your keyboard to
play primary chords using inversions
• CEG
FAC
GBD
Today you will:
• Know what ‘primary’ chords are and how to perform them using
inversions (AOS 2)
• Understand new musical terms relating to timbre (AOS 4)
By the end of the lesson you will be able to:
• form and perform primary chords using inversions
• Understand terms such as: pizzicato, arco, con sordini, doublestopping, tremolo
Timbre
Timbre is the musician’s word for describing the quality of
sound or the characteristic sound of an instrument or voice.
A violin, saxophone, horn, xylophone, Indian sitar, Chinese
cheng can all play the same note, yet all will sound
different. Each has its own characteristic timbre or ‘colour
of sound’.
Some instruments have a characteristically bright,
penetrating timbre, others have a darker, richer timbre.
Stringed Instruments
• What stringed instruments do you already
know?
Stringed Instruments
Bowed Strings
 Western instruments e.g. violin, viola, cello and double
bass. These are found in symphony orchestras as well as in jazz
styles and as backings in pop music.
 There are some bowed strings in other traditions in the
world such as the Chinese huqin family (including the
erhu)
Stringed Instruments
Plucked Strings
 The main Western members of this category are the harp, guitar,
lute and mandolin (the string family can also be plucked).
 World plucked instruments include the kora from Mali (a type of
harp), the various Indian lutes e.g. sitar, sarangi and tambura, and
there is the South American charango (like a mandolin)
Stringed Instruments
Hammered Strung Instrments
 Here the strings are hit
 The folk music of Eastern Europe, Arabia and China uses a family of
instruments called the dulcimers
 The best known Chinese example is the yangqin
Special Instrumental Techniques
Many instruments have special playing techniques that can change
their timbre. These are for Stringed instruments.
Con sordini = for bowed strings. Here a device called a mute is clipped
onto the bridge. This limits the vibrations of the strings thus producing
a dull sound.
Pizzicato = for bowed strings. This instruction (pizz.) tells the player to
pluck the strings instead of playing with the bow. The sound is a short
one with brief resonance
Arco = for bowed strings. After the pizz. Instruction, arco tells the player
to play with the bow again.
Tremolo/Tremolando = for bowed strings. The player must rapidly move the
bow back and forth on the string. The result is a shimmering sound and can
create a feeling of tension, what’s going to happen next???!!!
Double –stopping = playing 2 or more notes at once
Listening Activity: identify instrumental techniques being used in these extracts.