Transcript 슬라이드 1 - FES South Africa

Korea’s Green Growth Controversy
and SD Policies of Seoul
2012. 4
Wang-Jin Seo
Contents
Sustainable Development (SD) and
Green Growth in Korea
Green Growth Controversy in Korea
Seoul’s Challenges toward SD
Seoul’s Climate Change Action
Seoul’s Sustainable Energy Action:
“Shut Down One Nuclear Power Plant”
2
SD and Green Growth in Korea
3
From SD to Green Growth in Korea
• Participation into the UNCED in Rio (1992)
• Participation into UNCSD annually since 1993
• Establishment of ‘Local Agenda 21’ by Local
Governments in accordance with the ‘Agenda
21’ recommendations
• President Kim Dae-jung announced
‘Sustainable Development’ as the basis of
national governance (2000)
• ‘Presidential Commission on Sustainable
Development (PCSD)’ in which government,
businesses and civil groups participate
organized (2000)
4
From SD to Green Growth in Korea
• President Roh Moo-hyun reorganized PCSD
focusing on resolution of social and
environmental conflicts (2003)
• Establishment of the Framework Act on
Sustainable Development (2007)
• President Lee Myung-bak from Grand National
Party, a conservative party won presidential
election in 2007
• Lee Myung-bak administration declared ‘Low
Carbon, Green Growth’ as a new vision and
strategy for realization of ‘Sustainable
Development’ (2008)
5
Vision of Low-carbon Green Growth
Improvement of
quality of life
1
4
Efficient greenhouse
gas reduction
5
2
Promotion of energy
independence
3
Improvement of climate
change adaptation capacity
Green technology
development
Fostering green
industry
6 Advancement of
industrial structure
7
Infrastructure development
for green economy
8
Construction of green
land & transportation
9
Green innovation
in daily lives
10
Realization of global
green growth leader
Top 5 Policy Directions and Promotion Plans
1
Efficient greenhouse gas reduction
Nation’s GHG reduction goal setting
and management
GHG
Carbon information disclosure
and management
 (’09) Mid-term goal setting→
(’10~) Goal management
 GHG information
management system
Financial investment
plan (KRW trillion)
Growth rate 6.5%
Job creation
(x 10,000 jobs)
2.5
2.1
7.8
1.0
‘09 ’10~ ‘11 ’12~‘13
• Experts such as
greenhouse gas
inspection &
certification expert
• green consultant
’09~’13
Afforesting sea forest development
Promotion of carbon cycle
(Carbon-3R) and carbon sink
 Carbon storage of the forest :
(’09)1,452  (’13)1,613 million tCO2
Support on forest
recovery in North Korea
 North Korea’s afforestation area :
(’09)  50,000 ha (’13)
2
Enhancing Energy independence
Energy efficiency and
demand side
management
Promotion of industrialization of
new & renewable energy
 Elimination of low-efficiency equipment :
No more incandescent lamp by 2013
 Total energy use management system(’10)
 Expansion of intelligent electricity network:
Designation of test-bed city (2011)
 New & renewable energy use rate : (’09)2.%,
 (’13)3.8%
 Green Home Project : 140,000
households(2013)→1M households (2020)
 Energy Town Project: 1 (2009)  14 towns
(2020)
solar thermal
green home
Financial investment
plan (KRW trillion)
Growth rate 3.6% 6.5
5.6
2.8
‘09 ’10~ ‘11 ’12~‘13
Expansion of overseas
resources development
 Oil & gas self-development rates
: 7.4% (2009)  20% (2013)
Job creation
(x 10,000 jobs)
wind power
generation
fuel cell
• Waste resources energy
development engineers
• nuclear power generation
engineers
• resources development &
’09~’13 support engineers
20.8
Improvement of reliability and
expansion of nuclear power plant
 Export of the first nuclear power plant during
the project period (1 or 2 plant(s) or more)
 Development of nuclear power technology (2012)
3
Improvement of climate change adaptation capacity
Development of marine management
& preliminary disaster prevention system
The Four Major Rivers
Restoration Project
improvement of
water quality
 The amount of water
resources secured :
(’09)186  (’13)200billion
m2
 Quality of four major rivers:
use of marine energy
securing
2nd grade by 2012
sufficient water
Financial investment
plan (KRW trillion)
Growth rate 20.4%
21.3
10.1
’10~‘11 ’12~‘13
Improvement of the soundness of
forest ecosystem
National forest resources: 862
million (2009)  953 million㎥ (2013)
disaster prevention
Job creation
(x 10,000 jobs)
50.6
4.8
‘09
 Evaluation of coastal vulnerability :
(’09)  (’13)800km2
 Disaster response capability :
(’09)40%  (’13)60%
• Climate change
adaptation
• expertswater
industry engineers
Development of climate change
monitoring & prediction technique
 Climate change prediction
& monitoring capacity :
(’09)40% (’13)80%
’09~’13
Establishment of climate-friendly health
management & food production
system
 Health management strategy (2009)
 Environment-friendly agricultural products: 4.5%
(2009)  10% (2013)
4
Development of green technology as a growth engine
Expansion of green R&D
investments
Commercialization of core
green technologies
 Increase of green technology
R&D investments: (2009) 16%
(2013) 20%
 Commercialization of LED, hybrid
vehicle, advanced light-water reactor
and fuel cell by 2012
Improvement of Green IT:
Green of IT, Green by IT
Financial investment
plan (KRW trillion)
Growth rate 5.1%
Job creation
(x 10,000 jobs)
5.0
4.3
Development & export of
the world’s top three green
IT products (Green PC, TV
and Server) (2012)
• Plant engineering, technology
commercialization &
9.4 manufacturing, facilities &
construction workers
2.0
‘09
’10~‘11 ’12~‘13
’09~’13
“Green TCS* System”
Expansion of green
technology & infrastructure
 Establishment of world-class
green technology information system
*TCS: Testing, Certification, Standard
Fostering green technology experts
and international cooperation
Green technology engineers: 20,000 (2009)
 37,000 engineers (2013)
 Establishment of East Asia Green
Technology Standard Council (2013)

5
Promotion and fostering of green industry
Green partnership between enterprises
Expansion of green
industrial complexes
– improvement of green capacity for small
& mid-size enterprises
 No. of green industry
complexes: 5(2009)  10(2013)
(Waste recycling, high-efficiency
facilities & equipment, IT-based
management system, etc.)
Financial investment
plan (KRW trillion)
Growth rate 6.7%
1.8
 No. of businesses participating in the
green partnership : 685(2009)  1,500(2013)
Green
Partner
Job creation
(x 10,000 jobs)
2.0
4.9
0.8
‘09
’10~‘11 ’12~‘13
Greening core industries
and expansion of green business
 Greening core nine industries (petrochemical,
steel, etc.)
 Percentage of green export: 10% (2009) 
15% (2013)
• Green diagnosis
consultant
• green growth
expert for small &
mid-sized
enterprise
’09~’13
Development of resources-recycling
economy & promotion of urban mining
 Resource recycling rates: 15% (2009)  17%
(2013)
 Support on urban mining-related R&D:
KRW 9 billion (2009)  KRW 37.5 billion
(2013)
Green Growth Controversy in Korea
12
Low-carbon Green Growth and
Nuclear Power Renaissance
Steady growth with
Reduction of CO2
minimization of energ emissions even with
y consumption
same energy use
Development of
‘green energy’ into
new growth engine
• Shift to low-energy
consumption industry
• Improvement of energ
y efficiency
• Setting energy-saving
goals in manufacture
and buildings
• Expansion of green
technology R&D
investment
• Fostering green
industry including new
and renewable energy
• Expansion of new and
renewable energy
• Expansion of clean
energy use including
nuclear energy
• Reduction of CO2
emissions
 Expansion of nuclear power generations
 Percentage of nuclear power among total electricity:
35.5%(2007)  59.0%(2030)
Nuclear power-dependent structure
 Aggressive nuclear power expansion policy
 A total of 21 nuclear reactors in operation (2011)
 13 reactors to be constructed additionally by 2024
 Highest nuclear power density: 182.2kW/km2
(Japan: 127.2kW/km2)
 Concentration of power generation facility
investments in nuclear power plants
Category
2011~2024
Percentage
Nuclear power
KRW 29.9748
trillion
68%
Coal
KRW 9.9889 trillion
23%
LNG
KRW 4.1394 trillion
9%
Pumping-up
KRW 51.3 billion
0%
Total
KRW 44.1544
trillion
100%
15
Ring of Nuclear and Korea
No. of nuclear reactors in China: 228 (13: In operation, 27: Under
construction, 188: Under review for additional construction)
 No. of nuclear reactors in Japan: 69 (construction plan included)

The Four Rivers Project
 Goals
• To secure abundant water resources against
potential water scarcity;
• To implement a comprehensive flood control
system;
• To improve water quality and restore the
ecosystems; and
• To create multi-use open spaces for People
 Project scopes
• Total 170 construction zones
• 16 movable weirs
• Dredging : total 450 million m3
17
18
19
20
21
22
Seoul’s Challenges toward SD
23
City of Seoul is
Capital of Korea for 600 years ; political, economic and cultural center
Facing environmental problems caused by rapid urbanization such as
increasing population, houses, and cars
Affected by climate change challenges caused by intensifying global warming
1,062
1044
297
250
119
836
240
192
98
20.6
8.5
(1960)
(1980)
(1990)
Population (10K)
(2010)
(1975) (1980) (1990)
46
(2010)
No. of registered cars (10K)
(1960) (1980) (2000) (2010)
No. of houses (10K)
Air Quality
Seoul is surrounded by high mountains – difficult to diffuse air
Affected by various air polluting factors such as increasing number of cars
and yellow dust phenomenon
Lower air pollution by implementing projects such as increasing use of clean
fuel and promoting low pollution for diesel cars
Sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO) level reached advanced nations’
level
Particulate matter (PM10) level is higher than that of advanced nations
Yellow
Dust
PM10 (㎍/㎥)
80
Max.
Concentration12
( ㎍/㎥)
60
No. of monitored days
2,941
㎍/㎥
11
12
15
11
9
1157
㎍/㎥
6
40
PM10 (㎍/㎥)
20
0
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
1,355
㎍/㎥
511
㎍/㎥
623
㎍/㎥
1354
㎍/㎥
5
1,059
㎍/㎥
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
2010
25
Green Park
Green axis and forests are destroyed in the process of urbanization – house and
road construction
Expanded green space by increasing parks and green space continuously and
conserving forests
Not enough green parks in community area
Park space per capita
㎡/capita
30
Parks in Seoul (2009)
29.7
Other Parks
18.61㎢
(11%)
24.5 24.2
20
10
Neighborhood
Parks
45.52㎢ Parks in Seoul
169.05㎢
(27%)
Natural Parks
16.05
10.4 10.3
4.5
4.5
104.92㎢
(62%)
0
Toronto Berlin LondonSeoul Paris New Tokyo Beijing
York
26
Greenhouse Gases
GHG Emissions (’08) : Emissions in Seoul is 50,383K ton CO2e
(1990 baseline year: emission 44,983K ton CO2e),
5,400K ton CO2e (12.0%) increase compared to 1990 level
Industry
5,454
11%
Other
3,219
6%
Transporta
tion
10,785
21%
Building
Transportation
가정·상
업
(56.7%)
Industry
Building
30,924
62%
Other
수송
(24.9%)
<GHG Emissions by Sector(`08)>
Buildings and transportation account for more than 80% of GHG emissions in
Seoul – Building: 61.4%, Transportation: 21.4%, Industry: 10.8%, Waste: 6.4%
* Buildings (68.2%) and transportation (23.6%) account for over 90% of annual energy
consumption (45,761K ton CO2e)
27
Seoul’s Climate Change Action
28
Long term Climate Change & GHG Reduction Goals
Set climate change visions for 2030
[Eco-Friendly Energy Declaration(‘07.4) set goals for 2020]
Announced 2030 Green Design Seoul (‘09.7)
Set aggressive GHG reduction goals, similar to those of Annex 1 countries
Provide visions for low carbon, low energy city, responding to climate change
Seoul GHG reduction goal : 40% reduction by 2030 (1990 baseline year)
Energy consumption : 20% reduction by 2030 (2000 baseline year)
Renewable energy use : 20% increase by 2030
Reduce energy consumption
Increase renewable energy use
15%
20%
20%
25%
0.6%
2000
Baseline yr
2020
2030
Reduce GHG emissions
2004
40%
10%
2020
2030
1990
2020
Baseline yr
2030
29
29
 Set Climate Change Ordinance (‘08.9)
Stipulate Seoul’s GHG reduction goals
Apply Seoul Green Architecture Standard
Lay foundation for management of Climate Change Fund
※ First regulation to be set in Korea without higher law
 Climate Change Fund / Secured financing for stronger public support
Increase financing : 64.8billion KRW (’09) ⇒ 93 billion KRW(’11)
Expand beneficiary : Grant loans to GHG reduction and renewable energy projects
Basic ground for implementation of comprehensive measures –
climate change, energy, and transportation demand management
30
 Set ground for climate change monitoring
Enhance capacity to address climate change
AWS
Automate weather monitoring system (’09. 1) :
Install 26 AWS (Automatic Weather System)
Produce Seoul Climate Change Map (’06~ ’08)
Use as basic data to establish climate change plans and
eco-friendly urban management policies
Create emissions database – Seoul GHG inventory (’09)
Update database & establish “GHG management system” (’11.5)
 Build Climate Change R&D Center
(Seoul Development Institute, ’09. 1)
Enhance climate change and energy related research,
improve policy development capacity
31
Implementation directions of climate change action plans
Improve building energy efficiency, promote energy saving
and eco-friendly design & maintenance
Improve public transportation system,
Transportation deliver eco-friendly green cars, install bicycle facilities
Building
Mitigation
Adaptation
Energy
Save energy, use renewable energy,
increase clean fuel and collective energy supply
Waste
Reduce waste generation, encourage recycling,
co-use resource recovery facility
Improving Greening projects, stream & ecosystem restoration projects
Climate
Public
Prepare for heat wave and tropical night phenomenon,
Healthcare prevent contagious diseases
Water
Management Water quantity and quality management, rainwater recycling
Flood
Control
Citizen
Participation
Reinforce facilities to prepare for torrential rainfalls,
prevent flooding
Environmental education at homes & schools, encourage
Citizen
Participation citizen participation programs – Eco-mileage, CAP, etc.
32
Seoul’s Sustainable Energy Action:
“Shut Down One Nuclear Power Plant”
33
Why ‘Shut Down One Nuclear Power Plant’?
Low self-sufficiency
rates (3.3%)
Dramatic increase in
demand for electricity
Increase in citizens’
anxiety after
Fukushima’s nuclear
nightmare
Severe climate
changes such as
global warming
Improvement of energy
security to be prepared
against electricity crisis
Necessary to prevent
possible nuclear power
accidents completely
Necessary to reduce
greenhouse gas
emissions
Reduction of energy
consumption
as much as
the amount of power
produced by each
nuclear power reactor
through decrease in
demand for energy
and expansion of
energy production
‘Shut Down One Nuclear Power Plant’ Vision
Vision
Establishment of the ground
2014
for energy independence
10%
targeting the world climate environmental capital
2020
25%
- Power self-sufficiency rates: 10% (2014)  25% (2020)
Goal
‘Shut Down One Nuclear Power Plant’
Reduction of 2 million TOE by 2014
Electricity
750,000 TOE (8,720GWh)
Petroleum and city gas
1,250,000 TOE
* The annual power generation of Yeonggwang Nuclear Power Plant Unit 5
(the biggest nuclear power reactor in Korea, 1GWh): 8,672GWh
Goal
Shut Down One Nuclear Power Plant
Decrease in
energy demand
Energy production
610,000 TOE
Electricity: 260,000 TOE
(3,023GWh))
Heat: 350,000 TOE
1,390,000 TOE
Elec.: 490,000 TOE
(5,697GWh)
Petroleum:
350,000 TOE
City gas:
550,000 TOE
Policies(77projects in six fields)
Expansion of
new &
renewable
energy
production
promotion
building
energy
efficiency
establishing
high-efficiency
transportation
system
creation of
energy
industryrelated jobs
restructure of
urban space
into energysaving space
creation of
energy-saving
citizens
culture
Establishment and operation
of energy foundation
Creation of energy-saving
citizens’ culture
01
10
Construction of ‘Sunlight City (260MW)’
(the city itself is a huge PV power
generation plant)
02
09
03
Creation of 44,000 08
energy industry-related
jobs
Top 10
‘Shut Down
One Nuclear
Power Plant’
projects
07
100,000 people
participating
in the car-sharing program
Strict design standards
such as limit on energy
consumption for new buildings
Construction of ‘Distributed
Power System (320MW)’
through development of
hydrogen fuel cell
06
04
05
Improvement of
energy efficiency in
residence, building
and schools
Realization of ‘Smart
Lighting City’ using LED
(distribution of 7 million
LED lights)
Establishment of ‘2030 Urban Master
Plan’ for construction of energyefficient urban space
“We build a city which itself is a huge PV
power generation plant.” – Sunlight City
Expansion of the number of the PV
Sunlight Power Generation Plants
: 230MW by 2014
- 1,600 plants (ex: Public organizations,
schools, etc.) : 130MW
- 6,500 plants (ex: Residence, office
buildings, etc.) : 100MW
Construction of ‘Nanum Power Plant’ to go with
a local society : 30MW by 2014 (26 plants in
total)
Production and use of ‘Seoul Sunlight Map’
Construction of energy self-sufficiency village
- Survey on PV potential and installation area
- Formation of local community or cooperatives
- Use of the revenue on energy welfare
: 25 villages by 2014
-
Seongdaegol Village (Dongjak-gu),
-
Seongmisan Village (Mapo-gu),
-
Seowon Village (Gangdong-gu), etc
Introduction of ‘Seoul Power Generation Financial Aid System’ to promote the distribution of small PV installations
“We dramatically enhance building
energy efficiency.”
* 2012 -→ 2014
BRP in high-energyconsumption
mid-size and large buildings:
1,221 building
700  1,221 buildings
Improvement of old and
outdated public facilities
10 schools
262 buildings
10,000 houses
30 schools
842 buildings
700 building
BRP targeting 10,000 detached
houses
Construction of low-carbon
green schools
BRP (Municipal social welfare
facilities)
Eco-School (elementary, middle
and high) Project
59 facilities (completed 100%)
30 facilities
30 schools
2,500 houses
Home-visit energy diagnosis service: 50,000
households, 1,500 small buildings)
60 schools
X 50,000
X 1,500
Improvement of energy-saving systems such as insulated windows, LED lighting and heating & cooling system
“ We improve energy-saving systems
such as insulated windows, LED lighting and
heating & cooling system.”
Construction of ‘Smart Lighting City’ through
a perfect harmony between IT and lighting
- Development of integrated outdoor lighting
control system (ON-OFF, Dimming)
- Establishment of ‘Outdoor Lighting
Brightness
Standards (2013)’:
Expansion of the LED distribution in public
sector : 815,000 units by 2014
Public buildings
and road
: 309,000 units
Subway station
(completed 100%)
: 450,000 units
Underground
mall
(completed
100%)
: 16,000 units
- Expansion of the percentage of LED lighting
For new buildings: 30-40% (2011)  100% (2014)
Expansion of the LED distribution in civil sector
Underground
parking lots of
apartments and
large commercial
buildings: 2
million units
Multipurpose
facilities such as
discount stores
and
departments
stores: 5 million
units
LED Hall:
Najin Store
(2012 – 2015)
Replacement of lighting sources
(signboard, security lamp, street lamp, etc.)
with high-efficiency ones
The number of
LED and solar
cell-used
signboards:
3,000 annually
16,500 LED
security lamps
in residence
areas
Replacement
of old street
lamps with
energy-saving
lamps:
140,000
Early distribution of LED lights by attracting private investments (investment first, revenue later) through LED Association
“We build environment-friendly,
high-efficiency transportation system.”
Promotion of car-sharing
program
Promotion of ‘Weekly No Driving
Day’ campaign in large buildings
: 25,000 people (500 cars) (2012)
 100,000 people (2,000 cars)
- Priority on public parking lot ticket
: 200 lots (2012)  1,200 lots (2014)
- Operation of car-sharing information
website and electric vehicle grant, etc.
* Reduction of KRW 2,038,000 annually
if a car-sharing program is used
: 1,380 buildings (2012)  6,900 (2014)
- 50% of the buildings which are subject to
traffic
occurrence charges (9% at present)
(SONATA
model / Maintenance
10 years)
Purchase 2.0
Possession
Passenger Car
2,850
Basic Rate
110
2,100
Annual
Rate
4,701
1,908
KRW6,850,000
Car Sharing
KRW 4,812,000
Restriction on car use : Reduction of
traffic volume
: 8,260,000 cars (2009)  7,760,000 cars (2014)
- Increase in traffic occurrence charges (KRW
350  1,000), increase in traffic occurrence
indexes, expansion of local governor’s
coordination rights (100%  200%), Increase in
parking fee in urban & commercial area parking
lots (2013)
- Expansion and increase in congestion charges
Shift of perception from ‘possession’ to ‘use’ through the introduction of car-sharing program
Effects
Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions
: 7,130,000 CO2
- 7,130km2 afforestation effect: 1,584 times
greater than Yeouido (4.5km)
Economic benefits: KRW 2.1 trillion
-Petroleum import substitution: 15.6 million
Energy savings
:2 million TOE
bl.
* Total project cost (KRW 3.4 trillion) will be
fully collected by 2015.
Job creation: 44,000 jobs
Improvement of power self-sufficiency
rates: 10% by 2014
2010
2014
3.3%
10%
One nuclear
reactor will
be shut down
by 2014
2012
2013
2014
One nuclear
reactor annually
since 2015
2015
2016
Thank you
44