Transcript Nutrient use in the integrated pond

Impact of Climate Change on Inland
Fisheries and Aquaculture in Bangladesh:
Adaptation Measures need to be taken
Dr. Md. Abdus Salam
Professor, Department of Aquaculture
Bangladesh Agricultural University
Mymensingh, Bangladesh
[email protected]
BENJapan Teleconference/ Webinar on Environmental Aspects
WEA15 : 3 September 2011, Saturday
www.benjapan.org/wea
Out line of the presentation
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Background-coastal and inland
Materials and Methods
Out comes
Conclusion and
Measures need to be taken
Background
 Bangladesh is the biggest
deltaic country in the world
 The country has world’s
largest continuous mangrove
forest the “Sundarbans”
 The country also has the
widest longest sea beach at
Cox’s bazar”
 Most of the landmass of the
country is in between 1-10m
MSL
 The economy of the country
based on agriculture and
related activities
Background (cont.)

IPCC estimated global temp would
rise 1.8 – 4.0oC and Sea level 9 to
88 cm by the year 2100

With the CC and estimated SLR,
1/6 of Bangladesh low laying land
may go under water
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The Sundarbans mangrove forest
and other coastal wetland would
disappear
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Flood and cyclone intensity will
increase tremendously
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Storm surge may go 7.4 to 9.1 m
with 1 m SLR
Background (cont.)
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Millions of CC refugees will
migrate in near by town and high
land areas

SIDR in Nov 2007 and AILA in
May 2009 destroyed the whole
coastal region
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Most of the embankments and
roads have destroyed
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Tidal force do not allow them
repair or rebuild yet
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People in the areas are leading
miserable life with the tidal water
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Breeding and feeding ground
and habitat of freshwater fishes
have reduced a lot
Background (cont.)
 This presentation is about CC
impact on inland fisheries and
Aquaculture
 Bangladesh is a riverine country
crisscrossed by 700 large and
small rivers
 Fish and fisheries resources
play a vital role in the socioeconomic development of the
country
 The sector contributes 63%
animal protein, 5.3% to GDP
and 12% of the total foreign
exchange earnings
Background (cont.)

10% people including 1.3 million
full time fishers are dependent on
fisheries for their livelihoods

However, climate change is
directly or indirectly affecting
fishery production

Fish reproduction, growth and
migration patterns are affected by
temperature, rainfall and
hydrology

It has adversely affected both
fresh water and marine fisheries of
Bangladesh
Background (cont.)
Impact of CC on Fisheries and Aquaculture
Less
rain
fall
Fish don’t
breed
Fluctuating
Rain, less
fish growth
Low water, High Temp., Lost aquatic
increased dries up water biodiversity
fishing
bodies
pressure
Objectives
The overall objectives of this study was to assess
the CC impact on fisheries and aquaculture
activities and livelihood of the stakeholders
Hence the specific objectives were:

To know the impact on hatchery and nursery
operation and aquaculture and fisheries activities

To know the socio-economic impacts on hatchery,
nursery and aquaculture operations and on the fishing
communities; and

To find out the adaptive measures for sustainable
aquaculture production and fish harvesting from the
nature
Materials and Methods

Selection of study area
River Basin of Bangladesh
Materials and Methods
(cont.)
Target Groups and sampling procedure for fisheries activities
Sl. No.
District
Upazila
Sample size
FGD
01
Rajshahi
Bagmara
10
3
02
Naowgaon
Manda
10
3
03
Natore
Gurudaspur
10
3
Target Groups and sampling procedure for fish farming activities
Sl.
No.
Types of fish
farming
Trishal
(sample size)
Bhaluka
(sample size)
Muktagacha
(sample size)
FGD
(No)
04
Fish farmers
15
15
15
3
05
Hatchery owners
5
5
5
3
06
Nursery owners
5
5
5
3
Results and Discussion
Fish farming, Hatchery & Nursery component
Types of Fish farm, size and year of establishment
Criteria
Type of fish
farms
Size of farms
(dec.)
Trishal
Valuka
Muktagacha
Pangus
73.33
53.33
46.66
Carps
13.33
20.00
6.66
Tilapia
6.66
13.33
13.33
Cat fishes
0.00
13.33
13.33
Thai Koi (perch)
6.66
0.00
20.00
Native fishes
0.00
0.00
0.00
< 400
26.66
20.00
26.66
400 to 800
26.66
40.00
33.33
800 to 1200
40.00
33.33
33.33
6.66
6.66
6.66
<5
20.00
26.66
33.33
5 to 10
53.33
33.33
33.33
10 to 15
26.66
33.33
20.00
0.00
6.66
3.33
> 1200
Year of
established
> 15
Results and Discussion (cont.)
Fish farming, Hatchery & Nursery component
High temp. hampered fish farming in Mymensingh region (%)
Trishal
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Valuka
Muktagacha
Results and Discussion (cont.)
Fish farming, Hatchery & Nursery component
Fluctuating temp. and rain hampered hatchery and nursery operation
(value in %)
35
Fish not ovuluate
30
Less no. of eggs
25
20
Unfertilized eggs
15
Low hatching
10
Low survival
5
0
Problems with Hatchery
Operation
Results and Discussion (cont.)
Fish farming, Hatchery & Nursery component
Fluctuating temp. and rain hampered hatchery and nursery operation
(value in %)
Lower growth
35
30
Deformed fry
25
Low survival
20
Crop loss
15
10
Less water
avail.
5
0
Problems with nursery
operation
Results and Discussion (cont.)
Fish farming, Hatchery & Nursery component
Farm management cost increased due to climate change
Water exchanged
cost increased (%)
Farm management
cost increased (%)
>45
30-45
>40
20-40
<20
>45
30-45
15-30
<15
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Nursery owners
15-30
Hatchery owners
<15
Fish farmers
Feeding cost
increased (%)
Results and Discussion (cont.)
Fish farming, Hatchery & Nursery component
Fish mortality increased due to climate change
Fish farmers
Hatchery owners
Nursery owners
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
<15
15-30
30-45
Mortality increased (%)
>45
Results and Discussion (cont.)
Fish farming, Hatchery & Nursery component
Perception of weather change by the stakeholders
Fish farmers (%)
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Lack of rain
Hatchery owner's (%)
Late rain
Increased
sunlight
intensity
Nursery owner's (%)
Only 2
seasons
encounter
Weather not
matched
Results and Discussion (cont.)
Fish farming, Hatchery & Nursery component
Coping strategies adopted by fish farmers
Installed new pump
Put shade over ponds
Mdke ponds dipper
Exchanged water
Used medicine
Can't overcome
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Fish farmers (%)
Hatchery owner's
(%)
Nursery owner's
(%)
Results and Discussion (cont.)
Fisheries component
Water availability in the beels before 10 yrs and at
present (value in %)
8 months
6 months
Less than 6 months
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
B
P
Bagmara
B
P
Manda
B
P
Gurudash pur
Results and Discussion (cont.)
Fisheries component
Water availability in the Rivers before 10 yrs
and at present (value in %)
Year long
8 months
6 months
Less than 6 months
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
B
P
Bagmara
B
P
Manda
Results and Discussion (cont.)
Fisheries component
No. of fish species caught before 10yrs and at present
(value in %)
< 10 fishes
10-15 fishes
15- 20 fishes
20- 25 fishes
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
B
Bagmara
P
B
P
Manda
B
P
Gurudashpur
Results and Discussion (cont.)
Fisheries component
Factors affecting abundance of fish in natural water bodies
Bagmara (%)
Manda (%)
Gurudashpur (%)
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Less rainfall
Sifting
season
Prolong
drought
Fluctuating
rainfall
Results and Discussion (cont.)
Fisheries component
Reason behind less number of fish caught
(value in %)
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Fishing intensity
increased
Conversion of water
bodies to other uses
Less rain fain fall
Results and Discussion (cont.)
Fisheries component
Change of water courses
Shengrail river, Dumuria, Khulna
1977
1990
2000
Results and Discussion (cont.)
Fisheries component
Change of water courses
Bharda river, Batiaghata, Khulna
1977
1990
2000
Results and Discussion (cont.)
Fisheries component
Biological activities affected by fluctuating weather
(value in %)
60
Hampered eggs
dev. & breeding
50
40
Water scurcity for
nursing fry
30
Fry mortelity due
to high temp
20
10
0
Bagmara
Manda
Gurudash
pur
Hampered fryjuvenile migration
Results and Discussion (cont.)
Fisheries component
Late rain in previous year hampered fish production
in following season (value in %)
Bagmara
Manda
Gurudashpur
50
40
30
20
10
0
Broods are
not ready to
breed
Fry get less
time for
growth
Broods are
too small to
breed
Immature
eggs and
sperms
Results and Discussion (cont.)
Fisheries component
Fish susceptible to disease due to climate change
(value in %)
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Fry susceptible
to diseases
Fry are weak
Ulcerative
syndrome
Results and Discussion (cont.)
Fisheries component
Coping strategy to overcome the problems by fishermen
Switched to other jobs in Bagmara (%)
Switched to other jobs in Manda (%)
Switched to other jobs in Gurudashpur (%)
50
40
30
20
10
0
Agriculture
Day labour
Petty
Business
Contact fish
catching
Conclusion

The study has identified that the fish farming,
hatchery and nursery operation in all three
locations are moderately affected by climate
change
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It is really a challenge for the fish farming
communities to cope with the changing situation

Fluctuating rain and temperature and prolong
drought are the main causes of fish decline in
northwestern region of Bangladesh
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The changing
environment made the fisher
communities livelihood vulnerable

Greater understanding
of
climate
change
consequences is needed to boost up aquaculture
and fisheries production in the country
Measures need to be taken
 Integrate aquaculture with agriculture for food security
and high value food
 Create sanctuaries to protect the indigenous fish
biodiversity and safe guard the fishing communities
 Increase income through alternative livelihoods like
backyard vegetable gardening and nurseries
 Small scale “Backyard Aquaponics” could be another
means of alternative livelihoods for the poor communities
 Govt., NGOs, national and international donor agencies
should come forward to help the fish farming and
fisheries stakeholders as they are not any way
responsible for climate change
Contact information
Dr. Md. Abdus Salam
Professor, Dept. of Aquaculture
Bangladesh Agricultural University
Mymensingh-2202 Bangladesh
+880 171 102 4408
[email protected]