Transcript Slide 1

The Talking Toolkit
Elisabeth Simelton and Dam Viet Bac - Contact: [email protected]
OUTLINE
• THE PROJECT
• THE TALKING TOOLKIT
• SELECTED RESULTS
ADAPTATION
THE PROJECT
• Document adaptation strategies in SEA, and
understand the role of trees for adapting to
extreme events
• Identify resilient agroforestry systems
• Policy dialogue and support local
government units to mainstream climate
change into land use plans
• Capacity building and participatory
facilitation tools
2012 – 2014 in Yen Bai and Ha Tinh
+ Philippines and Indonesia
APPROACH
Participatory
Land Use
Scenarios
Dialogues
• 2012-2014
• 21 villages in 7 communes, Yen Bai
& Ha Tinh provinces
Focus Groups
• Village focus groups (n=18)
• HH survey (n=661)
HH Survey
Cost &
Benefit
Analysis
Participatory
Land Use Plan
• Participatory Land Use Scenarios: 6
pilot villages
• Cost & Benefits of Adapting versus
Not Adapting Land Use
• Participatory “Climate-Smart” Land
Use Plans: 2 pilot communes
MALADAPTATION
Confusion about climatic
exposure – impact on
productivity – sensitivity
of farming systems
Disparities in
perceptions of what
is changing in
science – policy implementation
MALADAPTATION
Source: Simelton et al. 2013 Climate & Development
ADAPTATION
THE TALKING TOOLKIT
• Is: a collection of tools for facilitating
focus group discussions on adaptation
with farmers
• Gives you: local knowledge
• Can be used for:
– diagnostics (cherry pick your tools)
– facilitating participatory “climate-smart”
land use planning process
• A living document
http://worldagroforestry.org/regions/southeast_asia/vietnam/products/talking-toolkit
Problem tree – Challenges for agricultural
livelihoods
Village mapping – Risk zones
Time line – Major events & Hazards
Climate & Farming calendar
Exposures – Tree ranking
Prevention, Coping & Adaptation strategies
Perceptions of climate change
Limits for making a living from agriculture
Problem tree – Challenges for agricultural
livelihoods
Village mapping – Risk zones
Time line – Major events & Hazards
Climate & Farming calendar
Exposures – Tree ranking
Prevention, Coping & Adaptation strategies
Perceptions of climate change
Village risk map, history and hazards time line
Synthesis of 9 Focus Group Discussion in villages
1970s
1980s
1990s
2000s
2010s
Ky Anh, Ha Tinh
Rice, cassava and sweet
1964: storm with flooding1970s
*
potato (traditional varieties)
1972: storm (3)* with flooding
1978: storm
Villages split.
1982: cold spell
1980s
Hybrid rice introduced
1985: heavy rain with flooding
Change farming season
1987: cold spell
Land allocation
1988: drought (2) *
1989: flood *
135 Reforestation project.
Land allocation
Fertilisers and pesticides
introduced
Plant: orange, pomelo,
pepper, peanut, mangrove
Change farming calendar
Forest and agriculture land
(re-)allocation; merge fields.
Deforest to plant acacia, pine,
cassava. Change farming
calendar to avoid winter
storm. Fodder grass, new rice
varieties. Peanut and cassava
large scale. Shrimp
aquaculture  saline soils &
water. Mining. Micro credit
Short-term, but loweryielding, rice varieties to
avoid the storm season
Luc Yen,
Ky Anh,
YenHa
BaiTinh
Rice,
Farm
cassava and sweet
1971: storm,
1964:
flooding
storm
(2)with flooding *
potato
cooperatives
(traditional varieties)
1972: storm1972: storm (3)* with floodin
1979: drought
1978: storm
Villages
Field contracts
split.
1981: rain with
1982:
flooding
cold spell
Hybrid
Deforestation
rice introduced1983: flooding
1985: heavy rain with floodin
Change farming season
1984: hail stones
1987: cold spell
Land allocation
1986: flooding,
1988:
drought
drought
and
(2)hot
*
spell, hail stones
1989: flood *
1989: storm (3) with landslide (1)
1990: storm (4) ** with flooding
Population
Reforestation project.
1990: cold spell**
1990: storm (4) ** with flood
1990s 135
1992: storm with flooding
Land
increase
allocation
(from
1991: drought
1992: storm with flooding
1993: storm
Fertilisers
Thai Binh)
and pesticides
1993-1997:1993:
numerous
stormflashfloods
1996: drought
introduced
Land allocation
(3), especially
1996:
1996**
drought
1997: storm with flooding
Plant:
Deforestation
orange, pomelo,
1997: storm with flooding
1998: storm with flooding (2)*, pepper,
Hybrid peanut,
seeds mangrove
1998: storm with flooding (2
hail stones
Change farming calendar
hail stones
2004: temperature increase
Deforestation
and agriculture2002:
land storm2004: temperature increase
2000s Forest
2005: temperature increase, hot (re-)allocation;
Land allocation
merge2004:
fields.drought,
2005:
cold
temperature
spell
increase,
spell, cold spell
Deforest
Reforestation
to plant acacia,
2007:
pine,
rain with
spell,landslide,
cold spellcold spell
2007: rain (1), storm (4) with
cassava.
(program
Change
327) farming
2008: rain, storm
2007: rain
with(1),
flooding,
storm (4) with
flooding (2) **, drought
calendar
Hybrid rice
to avoid winter
landslide (4)****,
flooding
cold
(2) spell
**, drought
(3)*,
2008: cold spell (2), flooding (2) storm. Fodder grass, new
drought
rice 2008: cold spell (2), flooding
varieties. Peanut and cassava
2009: flash floods, cold spell and
large scale. Shrimp drought*
aquaculture  saline soils &
water. Mining. Micro credit
2010: acid rain & hail stone;
early Short-term,
Plant fruit trees
but lower-2010: cold spells
2010:(3)
acid rain & hail stone;
2010s
rain; hot spell (2); cold spell (2)
yielding, rice varieties2011:
to droughts
rain;(2)
hot spell (2); cold spell (
2011: long-lasting rainfall (2);
avoid the storm season
2012: storm2011:
(7)*****,
long-lasting
floodingrainfall
(4) (2)
Problem tree – Challenges for agricultural
livelihoods
Village mapping – Risk zones
Time line – Major events & Hazards
Climate & Farming calendar
Exposures – Tree ranking
Prevention, Coping & Adaptation strategies
Perceptions of climate change
Climate calendar
Distr
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep Oct Nov Dec
Water
LIR
Drought
Flood Dry
LIR
Luc
Temp
Cold spell
Hot spell
CS
Yen
Distr Wind Jan
Mar
Apr DryMay
JulTyphoon
Aug
Sep
Nov
NW Feb
easterlyJun
Dry Oct NW
cold Dec
Water
LIR LIR
Drought
LIR
Drought
Flood Dry
LIR
Luc
Cold spell
Hot spell
CS
Ky Temp
Cold spell
Yen
NW
Dry easterly
Typhoon
Dry
NWNW
coldcold
Anh Wind
Dry easterly
Typhoon
Salt
Air
Water Drought
Air
Water
LIR
Flood
LIR
Ky Temp LIR = low intensity, long duration rain.
HotCSspell
Abbreviations:
= cold spell, NW = Northwesterly (cold)Cold
windspell
Anh Wind
Dry easterly
Typhoon
NW cold
Salt
Air
Air
Rice 1st crop Water
Rice 2nd crop
Abbreviations: LIR = low intensity, long duration rain. CS = cold spell, NW = Northwesterly (cold) wind
Peanut
Green bean
Sweet potato
Maize
Cassava
Plant
timber
trees
Black
pepper
Plant fruit trees
Problem tree – Challenges for agricultural
livelihoods
Village mapping – Risk zones
Time line – Major events & Hazards
Climate & Farming calendar
Exposures – Tree ranking
Prevention, Coping & Adaptation strategies
Perceptions of climate change
Ranking tree-crop suitability
List of
weather
events
List
of
trees
&
crops
Rank
1 
2
3
4
5
Food crops
Cold spell Hot spell
4.6
3.9
3.8
4.0
4.3
3.7
3.2
3.4
Drought
4.3
4.0
4.2
3.6
Flooding
4.5
3.8
4.3
4.2
Storm
4.3
3.2
4.3
4.4
Forest trees
Eucaluptus
Melia (xoan)
Casuarina (phi lao)
Acacia
Bamboo
Barringtonia acut (loc vung)
2.9
3.3
2.9
3.6
3.0
3.0
2.3
2.2
2.3
2.1
3.5
2.5
2.1
2.6
2.0
1.8
4.0
2.5
3.3
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.0
2.8
4.0
4.0
3.9
4.0
4.0
3.0
Mangrove (duoc)
Aquillaria (Dó trầm)
Lime
Orange
Banana
Starfruit
Guava
Jackfruit
Longan
Mango
Pomelo
Mandarin
Starapple
2.0
3.0
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.0
3.2
3.2
3.4
3.2
3.5
4.0
4.0
2.0
4.0
3.6
3.4
3.5
3.0
3.2
3.0
3.2
3.0
3.0
4.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
3.5
3.5
4.3
3.2
3.4
2.8
3.2
3.2
2.5
5.0
1.0
3.0
4.0
3.9
3.8
3.9
3.3
2.9
3.2
3.9
3.7
4.3
4.5
2.0
3.5
4.0
3.7
3.7
4.0
3.8
3.8
3.9
3.8
4.3
4.0
3.0
5.0
Peanut
Soybean
Beans
Black pepper
4.3
4.7
3.5
4.0
3.6
3.8
2.7
3.3
4.3
3.8
2.0
4.0
4.8
4.6
4.3
4.0
3.0
4.0
3.5
4.3
d intercrop
Fruit trees
Tree/Crop
Rice
Sweet potato
Maize
Cassava
Flash
floods
4.3
4.7
5.0
5.0
Early
onset
1.5
1.7
2.2
2.0
Delayed
onset
3.9
3.0
3.6
3.0
Saline
soil, air
4.3
5.0
5.0
4.7
5.0
2.9
2.9
1.7
1.8
1.7
2.1
2.0
2.0
2.6
2.5
2.1
2.9
3.0
3.0
5.0
3.5
2.4
3.4
5.0
5.0
8
5
7
8
2
2
2.5
1.0
2.1
2.4
2.0
1.9
2.1
2.0
2.3
1.7
1.0
3.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
2.6
2.6
3.0
3.0
2.8
3.0
3.0
1.0
3.0
2
1
8
8
6
6
5
5
5
5
2
1
1
2.4
1.8
2.3
2.0
4.0
4.0
4.3
3.0
5.0
5.0
4.7
5.0
5.0
5.0
4.0
3.5
5.0
4.5
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
3.5
4.3
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
N
villag
9
7
6
5
8
4
3
3
Problem tree – Challenges for agricultural
livelihoods
Village mapping – Risk zones
Time line – Major events & Hazards
Climate & Farming calendar
Exposures – Tree ranking
Prevention, Coping & Adaptation strategies
Perceptions of climate change
Prevention, Coping and Adaptation
Drought
(hot spell)
Cold spell
Before event
Plant early/drought
resistant varieties.
Grow beans directly after
peanut harvest before soil
dries.
Cover rice seedlings with
plastic or rice husk.
Add ash, P.
Reserve feed
Heavy rain
Plant early to harvest
before storm season
Plant short-term varieties
Flooding,
flash flood
Harvest early.
Thin out leaves.
During event
After event
Add manure & fertiliser.
Mulch.
Replant.
Shade plants.
Change from 130 to 90
Irrigate (prioritise rice).
days rice varieties.
Add N if there is water.
Thin poor plants
Add manure, ash, P,
Add ash, manure, husk, P.
pesticide.
Cover seedlings and young
Replant.
plants.
Grow fodder grass.
Replant.
Prepare to harvest early Put away seeds for
Use fan to dry seeds.
replanting. Add fertiliser.
Extension advice
Use short-term varieties to
Harvest early.
avoid flood season.
Regulate water.
Plough, lime soils.
Grow trees with different
Adaptation versus BAU - Strategies
WEBSITE
Check it out and comment!
http://worldagroforestry.org/regions/southeast_asia/
vietnam/products/talking-toolkit
Contact: [email protected]; [email protected]
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
YEN BAI: DARD, DONRE and People’s Committee Luc
Yen
HA TINH: Farmers Union, DARD, DONRE and People’s
Committee Ky Anh
661 households
ICRAF: Le Thi Tam, Delia Catacutan, Rob Fox, Rob
Finlayson
FUNDING: CGIAR – Forest, Trees and Agroforestry (FTA)
and Climate Change and Food Security (CCAFS)
• http://worldagroforestry.org/regions/southea
st_asia/vietnam/products/talking-toolkit