Transcript SCOPE Biofuels: Rapid Assessment Process Workshop 22 – …

SCOPE Biofuels:
Rapid Assessment Process Workshop
22 – 25 September, Gummersbach/Germany
Bioenergy: risks and opportunities
Martina Otto
Head Policy Unit, Energy Branch
United Nations Environment Programme
Drivers
Energy Security
Challenges
Development
‘produce
as much as
possible’
Climate Change
Biodiversity
Food
‘change land use as little as possible’
water
‘involve
communities
as much as
possible’
crop and
pathway
choices
integrated assessment to achieve a balance
Risks
Opportunities
Climate change
•Conversion of high carbon storage value
lands
•Destruction of under ground carbon storage
Biodiversity
•Conversion of high conservation value areas
•Large scale / monocultures
•Invasive species
•Biotech
•Intensive ag.
•GHG reductions
(crop choices / pathways / utilisation of biproducts)
•Investment into conservation
•Conservation ag
Food
•Conversion of land used for food production
•Availability and prices, particularly of stable
food
Water
•Overuse of water resources, impacting
ecosystems and competing with other uses
•Contamination
Development
•Expropriation
•Exploitation
•Increased local food production
(intercropping, crop rotation, improvement of
land/reclaiming waste land, ag practices)
•Increased income / access to markets
•Better penetration of water
•Improved access to water
•Increased incomes
•Access to energy and other services
Biofuels are not good or bad per se …
… all depends on planning and
implementation both on the macro and
project levels, and involves trade offs
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land use choices
crop and pathway choices
ag practices
business models incl. scale of operations
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Tools for decision-makers, both in
governments and in industry to ensure
maximising benefits and minimizing risks
• resource efficiency (energy needs for cooking, lighting,
heating, for transport, for productive use; biomass use for
food, feed, fibre, fuel; efficiency improvements)
• direct and indirect LUC and their impacts on CC,
biodiversity and food security (assessments and
projections; project level impacts – burden of proof with
the project developer; macro level impacts – mapping /
planning)
• LCA for different crops and pathways (common impact
indicators)
• technologies (impact assessments incl 2nd generation;
efficiency/cost; N-S, S-N, S-S cooperation and technology
transfer)
• cost (externalities; co-benefits)
Political context
• Biofuel targets (in some cases already linked to
sustainability safeguards)
• Strong calls for ground rules : G8 – GBEP; CBD;
UNFCCC; UN SG Task Team on the Global Food Crisis –
CFA ; UN Energy
Standard setting processes
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RSB
commodity-based initiatives
national initiatives
ISO
Risk management / Assessments
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IRGC
UNEP Due Diligence Guidelines for the finance sector
SCOPE RAP
GEF targeted research project (UNEP, FAO, UNIDO); STAP
UNEP Resource Panel
FAO – BFS and BIAS
IEA Tasks
Compete