Transcript OUTLINE OF FIELDWORK IN VIETNAM: Mainstreaming Climate

August 3rd, 2011
Hanne Louise KNAEPEN
Kyoto University, Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies
Outline
(1) Theoretical Background Study
a. What is mainstreaming climate change adaptation (CCA)?
b. How does mainstreaming CCA into ODA work concretely?
c. What are the conditions for successful mainstreaming?
d. How are the EU and Japan evaluated as ODA-donors in Vietnam?
e. Why choosing Vietnam as an ODA-recipient country?
f. Why focusing on urban adaptation in Vietnam?
(2) August-September 2011: Testing the Theory in Vietnam
a. Field study in Hanoi : national government-level
b. Field study in Hanoi: donor-level
c. Field study in Can Tho: urban-level
(3) Expected Outcome of Fieldwork in Vietnam
1 Theoretical Background Study based on Literature Review

a. What is mainstreaming climate change adaptation (CCA)?
• Mainstreaming of climate change into development cooperation is the process
by which development policies and projects are (re)designed, (re)organized,
and evaluated from the perspective of climate change adaptation and
mitigation.
Mainstreaming means that climate change is taken into account from the
earliest moment of the decision-making process
 e.g. building power plant
• Mainstreaming: involvement all social actors
• Mainstreaming and ODA : mainstreaming most advanced in ODA-context
 Mainstreaming means using the existing amount of ODA and the
know-how of ODA-agencies to handle the additional challenge of
climate change. This involves ensuring that ODA activities are
synergistic with climate-related goals
ODA policy implementation
levels
b. How does mainstreaming CCA into ODA work concretely?
Macro-level
mainstreaming
Implications of climate
change mitigation and
adaptation for the total
quantity of ODA efforts?
Modifications of:
- Donor ODA budget
- General donor ODA
priorities
Meso-level
mainstreaming
Implications of national
mitigation and adaptation
for the choice of ODA efforts
in a country?
Modifications of Country
Strategy Papers, etc.
Micro-level
mainstreaming
Implications of local mitigation
and adaptation needs for the
design of ODA efforts?
Modification of project design
Degree of specification of mitigation and adaptation objectives
Levels of mainstreaming in ODA decision making
Gupta, 2010
c. What are the conditions for successful mainstreaming?
Conditions for successful
mainstreaming
Indicators of Aid Effectiveness in Paris
Declaration of Aid Effectiveness
(2005)
•
Partnership (e.g EU-Japan
• PD alignment
partnership)
•
Developing country
• PD ownership
ownership
• PD accountability
•
Joint developed country-partner
ODA policy development and
accountability
•
Ensuring tripartite (private,
• PD harmonization
government and civil society)
decision making
Mainstreaming ensures aid effectiveness.
d. How are the EU and Japan evaluated as ODA-donors in Vietnam?
• Evaluation Report of the EC’s Cooperation with Vietnam (2009):
 […] one of the main issues is that most central ministries are fully responsible
only for a limited part of the sector budgets, including NTPs. To the extent that
sector budget supports NTPs, it may fail to enhance sector-wide coordination and
policy making.
 In the area of environmental sustainability: lack of connection between policy
making at central level and community-level projects.
 Climate change sector: good opportunity for EC to add value in Vietnam.
• Evaluation Report of the Implementation of the Paris Declaration (2010):
Ambiguous stance towards ‘harmonization’ and ‘mutual accountability’
 Japanese ODA will be implemented in accordance with Vietnamese national
development plans
e. Why choosing Vietnam as a ODA-recipient country?
•
•
•
•
2010, Middle-Income Country Status
new area for climate-related ODA
80% of population living at risk of natural disasters
National Target Plan (NTP) to Respond to Climate Change for period 2010-2020
(2008)
f. Why focusing on urban adaptation in Vietnam?
• No sufficient research on urban adaptation
• UN-Habitat: by 2050, 70% of world’s population in urban areas. And, 60% of
growth in Asia.
• Medium-sized cities are growing particularly rapidly and lack the resources of
larger cities to address cc challenges (ACCCRN, 2009)
DONOR
COUNTRY
CITY
(2) August-September 2011: Testing the Theory in Vietnam
a. Field study in Hanoi : national government-level
• Relevant ministries
 Main barriers to development cooperation with the EU and Japan
The 2008 NTP and integration of a more climate change-oriented
approach
 Possible conditions for more aid effectiveness through mainstreaming
b. Field study in Hanoi: donor-level
• Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)
• EU Delegation in Vietnam
 Main barriers to development cooperation with Vietnam.
EU’s/Japan’s understanding and implementation of “mainstreaming adaptation
into ODA”
 Development cooperation opportunities between the EU and Japan
 Specific projects: JICA: Da Nang City Development Master Plan Study; Project for
Climate Change Adaptation for Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development in
the Coastal Mekong Delta in Vietnam; Support Program to Respond to CC
EU: Promoting People’s Participation in Vietnamese Cities; and Urban Environmental
Planning Program
c. Field-study in Can Tho: urban-level
• medium-sized city
• largest city Mekong River Delta
• primary cc hazards: sea-level rise, increased
temperature, drought, and increases of
monsoon rainfall
Internship at Climate Change Coordination
Office (Rockefeller Foundation, NISTPASS)
 project to overcome policy and
institutional/administrative barriers to
implementation of cross-sectoral resilience planning
at local level. […] the policy support will be to ensure
that the local resilience planning guidelines are
aligned with the requirements of the NTP.
• the CCCO integrates planning across sectors and
spatial scales
(3) Expected Outcome of Fieldwork in Vietnam
PROBLEMS
SOLUTIONS
1 Policy-making is separated
among different ministries
1 A more integrative approach
among ministries, mainly in MPI
2 EU and Japan work separately in
Vietnam
2
3 ODA-projects are very sectororiented
3 ODA-projects should be more
integrative, including several
sectors
4 NGOs have limited power/stay
local (city, provincial level)
4 NGOs should climb towards
national government level
EU-Japan should cooperate in
CCA/development projects
Thank you very much